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Background: Our study focuses on Yakutian cattle, a Siberian native breed, examining its inbreeding and diversity through genome-wide analysis of runs of homozygosity (ROHs). Yakutian cattle are adapted to Siberia’s harsh sub-arctic conditions, enduring temperatures below −70°C. However, the population genetics studies on this breed are scanty, to document the genetic uniqueness in these cattle. Results: We analyzed 40 Yakutian cattle with strict quality control for ROH detection yielding 683 homozygous segments, averaging 17 per individual with an average length of 9 Mb. ROH regions were found to be involved in important pathways pertaining to cold adaptation. Autozygosity ranged from 1% to 12% of the genome, with a relatively low average inbreeding coefficient (FROH) of 0.057, as compared to other breeds. Also, the different diversity indicators, namely, principal component analysis, heterozygosity, and effective population size analysis, revealed the prevalence of genetic diversity within the breed. Conclusion: Our findings on ROH are the first of its kind in Yakutian cattle that support their adaptability to colder environments, as evidenced by low inbreeding and high genetic diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On cotton farms in western Burkina Faso, draught cattle, which play a vital role (energy, manure, and others) in the sustainability of the farming system, are more affected by the fodder deficit in the dry season. Crop residues from cereals grown mainly in rotation with cotton can play an important role in coping with this situation. This study analysed the availability of cereal stalks for optimal use in animal feed. The study was conducted in nine villages in the Mouhoun and Tuy provinces of Burkina Faso’s western cotton-growing zone and involved 72 cotton farmers, livestock breeders, and agro-pastoralists. Data collection consisted of household surveys and biomass measurements of the main maize, millet, and sorghum plots, using 522 plots of 25m2. The nutritional value of the crop residues was estimated using near-infrared spectrometry. The results showed that the average area sown for maize, millet, and sorghum were 3.8 ± 3.7, 2.9 ± 2.3 and 1.7 ± 1.4 hectares, respectively. Biomass yields were 3.2 ± 1.4, 2.5 ± 0.9 and 4.9 ± 2.6 tons of dry matter per hectare, respectively, with respective animal carrying capacities of 2.0 ± 0.9, 2.0 ± 0.9 and 3.0 ± 1.6 tropical cattle units (TCU) per hectare. The seasonal fodder balances recorded for farmers’ stockbreeders and agro-pastoralists were 0.68, 22.59, and -2.24 TCU, respectively. The average metabolisable energy content (7.55 MJ/kg of dry matter) and in vitro digestibility (46.89 ± 2.57%) of sorghum residues were respectively higher than those of millet (6.56 ± 0.35 MJ/kgDM et 41.83 ±0,88 %) and maize (7.10 ± 0.58 MJ/kgDM et 44.40 ± 0.86%). The total nitrogen content of the cereal stalks was low. They were between 3.16 ± 0.27% and 4.64 ± 0.81% for sorghum and maize harvest residues, respectively, which highlights the need for protein supplementation in the use of these harvest residues on cotton farms. If producers focused more on sorghum, this could improve the supply of fodder and strengthen the integration of agriculture and livestock farming, and hence the sustainability of the production system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cattle farmers are developing adaptation strategies to deal with the effects of climate change. Understanding how adaptation affects livestock productivity is, therefore, essential in order to identify and prioritize the optimal strategies. Yet, few studies have addressed this issue. This study aims to fill the gap, by assessing how the adaptation strategies developed by cattle farmers in Benin affect livestock productivity. We conducted surveys with 360 cattle farmers and monitored 30 farms in Benin’s dry and sub humid tropical zones. We collected data on the socio demographic characteristics of cattle farmers, their adaptation strategies and herd productivity. We carried out a multiple correspondence analysis, followed by an ascending hierarchical classification to establish the typology of the cattle farmers’ adaptation strategies. We tested data on livestock productivity using an analysis of variance with the generalized linear model procedure of R.3.5.1. software. The results revealed three groups of adaptation strategies: integrating livestock with crop production; use of supplemental feeding and fodder crops; pastoral mobility. The choice of strategy significantly affected livestock productivity. Animal mortality rates were lower on farms that adopted supplemental feeding (2.7%), and integrated crop/livestock systems (3.3%), compared to farms with pastoral mobility (5.2%). Supplementary feeding improved calf weights at birth and at 6 months and increased daily milk offtake. Based on the results obtained, we recommend that farmers adopt supplemental feeding and integrated crop/livestock strategies in the study zones to improve herd productivity.

Cryptosporidiosis is a significant disease in calves caused by the parasitic protist Cryptosporidium. The infection results in severe symptoms such as diarrhea, dehydration, delayed growth, and weight loss, often leading to mortality and economic losses. This study aimed to detect Cryptosporidium spp. in fecal samples from calves in five Algerian provinces. A total of 65 fecal samples from calves were collected from 12 dairy cattle farms in the north-east of Algeria. The presence of the parasites was established by microscopic screening of the oocysts following an immunofluorescence assay (IFA). IFA-positive samples were analyzed by 18S rRNA PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) to determine the species. Cryptosporidium parvum was subtyped by sequence analysis of the 60 kDa glycoprotein gene. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected microscopically in 41/65 (63%) samples, of which 26/41 (63.4%) were positive by 18S rRNA PCR-RFLP. Two Cryptosporidium species were detected in 24 samples; C. parvum (20/24) and C. bovis (4/24). C. parvum isolates from IIa and IId zoonotic subtype families were detected: IIaA16G2R1 (9/24), IIdA16G1 (4/24), and IIaA15G2R1 (1/24). Thus, calves are reservoirs of zoonotic C. parvum subtypes and represent a public health concern.

This study was designed to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of cattle handlers (cattle owners, cattle attendants and veterinarians) concerning giardiasis in Jere Local Government Area (LGA) of Borno State, Northeastern Nigeria. Using a pre-validated questionnaire, 278 cattle handlers from six wards of Jere were interviewed, with a 84% (n = 252) response rate. The majority of the respondents were aged 27–38 years (62.3%), male (93.7%) and Muslim (96%). Regarding the control and prevention of giardiasis, 31.3%, 44.8% and 31.3% of the cattle handlers had good knowledge, attitudes and practices, respectively. The overall mean scores of 59.5%, 64.8% and 64.1% for knowledge, attitudes and practices were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the ≥ 75% cut-off mark set for a good KAP score on giardiasis. Furthermore, there was a moderate, positive and significant (p < 0.05) correlation between the knowledge score and the attitudes and practices scores. The handlers’ knowledge and attitudes had significant associations (p < 0.05) with their levels of education and years of experience, signifying that high levels of education and years of experience were associated with improved awareness of giardiasis among cattle handlers. The study concluded that there is a potential risk of cattle handlers being infected with Giardia lamblia based on their overall suboptimal levels of knowledge, attitudes and practices toward giardiasis observed in the study area. Raising awareness among cattle handlers about the public health implications of giardiasis in the study area was recommended.

After bulls, buffaloes are the most important group of cattle. Buffalo populations have an obvious practical importance for milk production and, to a lesser extent, for muscle work (traction for various agricultural works). A geographical approach to the presence of water buffaloes in Romania has not been carried out until this day. On the territory of Romania, buffaloes are raised only in rural households. Between 1920 and 1980, the number of buffaloes varied between 135,000 and 180,000 head. The lowest number (135,000 specimens) was recorded in 1946, and the maximum population (almost 200,000 specimens) was reached in 1985, the largest in the previous century. Subsequently, the number of buffaloes decreased sharply, so that in 2019 the population was 90% smaller compared to that of 1985, the causes of this decrease being rather convoluted. The main breeding area of this mammal is Transylvania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Nouveau Praticien Vétérinaire Élevages et Santé is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Drawing on the propositions of symmetrical anthropology and economic anthropology, this article studies the way in which scientists and engineers evaluate, re-translate, and redistribute the natural and social properties of living beings to turn them into tradable goods. Based on a short genealogy of dairy cattle breeding markets, the analysis pays particular attention to the evolution of material flows and (trans)formation processes through which biological artefacts that make up the commodification of cattle come to exist and circulate. The general question guiding the analysis is: how does 'animal genetics' become a commodity? From a sociohistorical study of the methods of production, amplification and distribution of 'genetic progress' in animal production, we first show that the commodification of animal genetics involves the invention of a mode of genetic progress which is neither affected by social (political, moral, etc.) nor by natural (biological, environmental, etc.) contingencies and which can thus circulate in full autonomy in a variety of situations which it helps to unify. We then show that the gain in autonomy vis-à-vis a large panel of social and natural contingencies is correlated with the establishment of a strong heteronomy regarding an often invisible and transparent socio-technical infrastructure which supports the existence of a new order, endowed with its own laws, its own history, its own purposes: the market economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Épidémiologie et Santé Animale is the property of Association pour l'Etude de l'Epidemiologie des Maladies Animales (AEEMA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Épidémiologie et Santé Animale is the property of Association pour l'Etude de l'Epidemiologie des Maladies Animales (AEEMA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Perception and adaptation of cattle breeders to climate change in the Upper Oueme basin in Benin Cattle breeding is a major component of the economy of African pastoral societies in general and Benin in particular. This activity has been facing many difficulties in recent years, despite its multiple economic and socio-cultural functions. This study aims, on the one hand, to understand the perception of climatic and environmental disturbances by cattle breeders and, on the other hand, to analyze the adaptation strategies developed by breeders to cope with the new climatic conditions. 300 cattle breeders were surveyed in the communes of Tchaourou and Djougou in Benin. The methodological approach adopted included an exploratory survey phase that allowed for the selection of survey districts and villages, and an in-depth survey phase that allowed for the administration of questionnaires to the herders through individual interviews and group discussions. The results reveal that climate change is perceived as a major phenomenon that affects the various cattle breeding practices, which are highly dependent on the environment. Cattle farmers surveyed noted an increase in temperature (48%), a decrease in rainfall (46%) and an increase in wind speed (6%) in the study area. These climatic conditions have a negative impact on the availability and quality of forage and water resources. In addition, they influence the performance of the farms, particularly milk performance (47%), age at first calving (36%) and animal growth (17%). The animals are subject to an upsurge in diseases, including pasteurellosis (28%), peripneumonia (26%), foot-and-mouth disease (22%) and trypanosomiasis (8%). Under these conditions, herders adopt various strategies to mitigate the effects of drought and the degradation of pastoral resources through the use of transhumance (50%), the storage of fodder, particularly harvest residues (8%), and the cultivation of "Panicum maximum C1" fodder crops (17%). In the face of bovine diseases, 57% and 30% of respondents have recourse to the veterinary services and ethno-veterinary treatments, respectively. These strategies developed by farmers in the face of the adverse effects of climate change need to be supported through sustainable development policies in the cattle breeding sector in order to make them more effective.

Copyright of Nouveau Praticien Vétérinaire Élevages et Santé is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nouveau Praticien Vétérinaire Élevages et Santé is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nouveau Praticien Vétérinaire Élevages et Santé is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nouveau Praticien Vétérinaire Élevages et Santé is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Vitamin D has been shown to play physiological functions beyond calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and control bone metabolism in the body since its cellular receptors are present in numerous tissues. A total of 20 healthy bulls were divided into four groups to evaluate the effect of different doses of vitamin D3 on the number of bovine blood cells. Groups A, B, C, and D received 11,000, 22,000, 33,000, and 44,000 units/kg of vitamin D3, respectively. The control group was injected with 10 ml of physiological saline intramuscularly. Blood samples were taken before the injection, as well as 2, 4, and 6 days after the injection; furthermore, the white blood cell counts (including granulocytes and lymphocytes), hematocrit, haemoglobin, and platelets were examined by a cell counter. The results showed that vitamin D could cause leukopenia (e.g., neutropenia and lymphopenia), thrombocytopenia, as well as an increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin levels in the blood. Although the mentioned increase or decrease is largely dose- and time-dependent, the first and best group to indicate this is group B. To find the second group, the investigation of the long-term effects of injections, especially in high doses, and evaluation of different tests are required with larger groups over a longer period.

Improving the genetic potential of animals using genomic technologies is an effective way to solve problems in domestic breeding of dairy breeds. The aim of the current study is to analyze the genetic diversity of Holstein cattle bred in the Tyumen Region using microsatellite markers. The blood samples of 241 Holstein cow were collected for genomic analysis. Genetic identification was performed using COrDIS kits. The resulting data indicated the presence of genetic diversity in the studied sample of dairy cattle bred at the Tyumen Region for a number of indicators. The number of alleles at 15 microsatellite loci in the tested breeds varied from 5 to 14. Eighteen unique allelic variants can be breed-specific markers for genetic identification of dairy cattle. The recorded data showed a high level of animal genetic variability. A high level of polymorphism (Ае ³3.32) was detected in 47% of the loci under research. High values of the observed heterozygosity up to 0.91 at the Eth3 locus and of the polymorphism up to 0.77 at the Tgla53 locus were detected. In the results, 7% erroneous entries in the progeny pedigree was detected. The results of the current study contribute to the knowledge of genetic diversity of dairy cattle in the Tyumen region, Russia, and also paved the way to seek new relationships between allelic variants of microsatellite loci with the productive traits of animals.

Slaughterhouses are certified premises where animals are slaughtered and inspected to ensure meats are wholesome and safe for public consumption. To determine the common zoonoses encountered in a municipal slaughterhouse of Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, a three-year retrospective study was conducted (2014–2016). During the review of slaughterhouse records, the overall throughput of cattle slaughtered was 146,794 (4077.6 ± 413.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3923.3–4206.7). Female animal slaughtering outweighed male ones at 5:1 ratio (p

Cattle breeding is a major component of the economy of African pastoral societies in general and Benin in particular. This activity has been facing many difficulties in recent years, despite its multiple economic and socio-cultural functions. This study aims, on the one hand, to understand the perception of climatic and environmental disturbances by cattle breeders and, on the other hand, to analyze the adaptation strategies developed by breeders to cope with the new climatic conditions. 300 cattle breeders were surveyed in the communes of Tchaourou and Djougou in Benin. The methodological approach adopted included an exploratory survey phase that allowed for the selection of survey districts and villages, and an in-depth survey phase that allowed for the administration of questionnaires to the herders through individual interviews and group discussions. The results reveal that climate change is perceived as a major phenomenon that affects the various cattle breeding practices, which are highly dependent on the environment. Cattle farmers surveyed noted an increase in temperature (48%), a decrease in rainfall (46%) and an increase in wind speed (6%) in the study area. These climatic conditions have a negative impact on the availability and quality of forage and water resources. In addition, they influence the performance of the farms, particularly milk performance (47%), age at first calving (36%) and animal growth (17%). The animals are subject to an upsurge in diseases, including pasteurellosis (28%), peripneumonia (26%), foot-and-mouth disease (22%) and trypanosomiasis (8%). Under these conditions, herders adopt various strategies to mitigate the effects of drought and the degradation of pastoral resources through the use of transhumance (50%), the storage of fodder, particularly harvest residues (8%), and the cultivation of "Panicum maximum C1" fodder crops (17%). In the face of bovine diseases, 57% and 30% of respondents have recourse to the veterinary services and ethno-veterinary treatments, respectively. These strategies developed by farmers in the face of the adverse effects of climate change need to be supported through sustainable development policies in the cattle breeding sector in order to make them more effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protozoan parasites of the genus Theileria are tick-borne parasites that have been found in many species of mammals. More than a dozen species of Theileria have been found in cattle, water buffalo, sheep, and goats. Theileria orientalis is a non-pathogenic blood protozoan parasite that was detected and identified during a regular investigation of piroplasmida infection in indigenous cattle in the spring of 2019 in Northern Provinces of Iran. In total, 92 blood samples were collected from different areas of Guilan and Mazandaran Provinces, Iran during the spring. The Giemsa stained blood smears did not show any parasitic infection; however, T. orientalis was identified by 18S rRNA gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. The specific sequenced DNA for T. orientalis was registered in GenBank under the accession number MN453385. The partial 18S rRNA gene sequence of the obtained DNA showed 100% nucleotide identity with reference sequences for the T. orientalis that have been registered from Europe, Africa, and Asia. Additionally, molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that T. orientalis Iran GC98-01 isolate belongs to nonpathogenic T. orientalis type 3 (buffeli). In this study, the indigenous Bos indicus cattle were detected as asymptomatic carriers of Theileria spp. infection. Here, we identified and genotyped T. orientalis for the first time as T. orientalis type 3 (buffeli) in Iran using molecular phylogenetic analysis and registered the 18S rRNA gene sequence of the T. orientalis GC98-01 isolate in GenBank. Moreover, rare T. annulata infection was detected in cattle using semi-nested PCR in Mazandaran (Miankaleh peninsula). The T. orientalis can be differentiated from other Theileria and Babesia haemoprotozoan parasites by specific molecular assays.

Theileriosis is one of the most important diseases in tropical and subtropical regions and leads to annual economic losses, such as the reduction of dairy products and casualties. Although the clinical form of bovine theileriosis has been observed in Afghanistan, to the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive study has been conducted on this issue. This molecular survey was performed to identify Theileria annulata and tick vectors in dairy cattle in the Herat area, Afghanistan, from June 2015-September 2016. A total of 100 dairy cattle were clinically examined and their blood smears, EDTA blood samples, and ixodid ticks were collected. The blood samples were transported to the laboratory, followed by the preparation of the blood smears and staining with the Giemsa method. The collected ticks were identified at the species (spp) level using the identification key and were then separated into 70 tick pools according to their species. Subsequently, the salivary glands were dissected out in 0.85% saline under a stereomicroscope. The DNA of blood and salivary glands was extracted using a commercial kit and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The ring form of Theileria spp infection was observed in 22 (22%) of blood smears, while 74% of blood samples were T. annulata positive using PCR. Among the collected ticks, the numbers of male and female ticks were obtained at 219 and 130 ticks, respectively. The frequency of tick spp was rated in descending order as Hyalomma annatolicum (73.9%), Hyalomma excavatum (22.3%), Hyalomma nymph spp (12%), Hyalomma marginatum (1.7%), Hyalomma asiaticum (1.1%), and Hyalomma rufipes (0.75%). The PCR results showed that seven pools belonging to salivary glands of H. anatolicum were infected with T. annulata. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that T. annulata had a high frequency in dairy cattle and H. anatoloicum was also identified, such as the vectors of T. annulata in the Herat area, Afghanistan.

Résumé: Il existe un consensus croissant sur le fait que la conversion des habitats naturels en agrosystèmes est un facteur explicatif important du risque d'infection et d'émergence de maladies chez l'Homme. Avec une biodiversité élevée, deux mécanismes sont à l'œuvre : une amplification des risques infectieux, par une présence plus importante de pathogènes potentiels, et une dilution du risque infectieux, par régulation des pathogènes dans un réseau fonctionnel vivant complexe. Par ailleurs, lorsque la biodiversité s'effondre, plus les écosystèmes se dégradent et plus les pathogènes qui y sont adaptés sont partagés avec l'Homme. L'augmentation croissante et toujours plus rapide de la conversion des terres et des têtes de bétail laisse présager la poursuite de l'accélération des épisodes zoonotiques au niveau mondial. Il est urgent de trouver des solutions locales, notamment par une transition agroécologique, pour freiner, voire renverser, cette spirale dangereuse. There is growing consensus that converting natural habitats into agro-ecosystems increases the emergence of disease and the risk of infection to humans. A varied biodiversity both amplifies this risk of infection, due to the greater number of potential pathogens, and reduces it by regulating the pathogens in a complex living network. When biodiversity collapses, ecosystems deteriorate, and these pathogens are shared with humans. With increasing land conversion and more intense cattle farming, zoonotic diseases may escalate worldwide. Local solutions must be found, in particular through agro-ecological transition, to slow or even reverse this dangerous spiral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue d'élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des pays Tropicaux is the property of CIRAD and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Excavations at Khirbat al-Sar in 2019 yielded a small assemblage of animal remains dating mainly to the Mamluk period. An archaeozoological analysis provided insight into the food provisioning of the site’s inhabitants. Caprids (sheep and goat) and cattle made up the bulk of the animal food products. The other species present in small quantities are the dromedary, the horse, the dog, the chicken and the hare. The faunal remains offer an opportunity to collect data on animal management and consumption during this period, of which we know very little in terms of archaeozoology.

The transition from normal forage to a highly fermentable diet to achieve rapid weight gain in the cattle industry can induce ruminal acidosis. The molecular host mechanisms that occur in acidosis are largely unknown. Therefore, the histology and transcriptome profiling of rumen epithelium was investigated in normal and acidosis animals to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the disease. The rumen epithelial transcriptome from acidosis (n=3) and control (n=3) Holstein steers was obtained using RNA-sequencing. The mean values of clean reads were 70,975,460±984,046 and 71,142,189±834,526 in normal and acidosis samples, respectively. In total, 1,074 differentially expressed genes were identified in the two groups (PIL1B, CXCL5, IL36A, and IL36B were significantly down-regulated in acidosis rumen tissue samples. The results suggest that rapid shifts to rich fermentable carbohydrates diets cause an increase in the concentration of ruminal volatile fatty acids, tissue damage, and significant changes in transcriptome profiles of rumen epithelial.

The development of livestock in industrialized nations has shown that when breeding activity is well-organized, it is feasible to enhance breeds and quickly boost output. Famous breeds including the Holstein, Swiss, Simmental, Hereford, Brangus, Charolais, Kian, and many other dairy and meat breeds came into being. In the article In the republican breeding system, improvement of breeding methods, such as evaluation and selection and sorting of cattle according to selection marks, introduction of advanced technologies in the care of young cattle and breeding of cows, formation of farms of the type of breeding factory and breeding farms, closed areas in solving the problems of the feed base problems such as bringing to at least 0.6 and 1 hectare, introducing a 6-field short rotation cropping system and increasing productivity to 8-9 thousand units of feed, providing breeding cattle with concentrated feed in moderation, wide introduction of artificial insemination and wide use of breeding bulls and factors are highlighted.

Copyright of Nouveau Praticien Vétérinaire Élevages et Santé is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Demand for animal products is expected to increase due to human population growth, resulting in a need for increased production. At the same time, climate change poses a major threat to the viability and sustainability of livestock production systems. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the sus-tainability of dairy cattle farms belonging to three farming systems (rainfed, irrigated, and mixed) at the northeast zone of Tunisia using the IDEA method (version 3). Collected data of 102 farms were subjected to an analysis of variance using the GLM procedure of SAS software (version 9.4). Results showed that the socio-territorial scale was the limiting factor for all systems and that the irrigated sys-tem had the lowest scores of agro-ecological and socio-territorial scales, compared to the other ones, but it recorded the highest score for the economic scale. The best agro-ecological and socio-territorial scores characterized the mixed system. However, it had the lowest score on the economic scale. Finally, the rain-fed system was exhibited medium performances of the three scales. It was concluded a differ-ence between the three farm systems, but there was no disassociation between the three sustainability dimensions; thus, improvements should proceed across all scales simultaneously.

A retrospective study was carried out from registers of the slaughterhouses of Constantine, Algeria, on 145,919 cattle and 345,282 sheep apparently healthy, slaughtered between 2009 and 2018. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of the two dominant parasitic infections which cause gross lesions in liver and lungs, i.e. cystic echinococcosis (CE) and Fasciola hepatica infection. The postmortem examination consisted in a visual inspection of the organs, palpation of lungs and livers, and systematic incision of livers, performed according to FAO procedures. The prevalence of F. hepatica infection was significantly higher in cattle (2.7%) than in sheep (0.2%). There was a non-significant decrease from 4.5 to 2.0% (p > 0.05) in the prevalence of F. hepatica in cattle during the 10-year period. The prevalence of CE in the livers and lungs was significantly higher in cattle (3.3% and 9.7%, respectively) than in sheep (0.6% and 1.1%, respectively). The prevalence of CE was significantly higher in lungs than in livers. These results showed the importance of these parasitic infections in the province of Constantine and its surroundings, which requires the implementation of control programs against these infections in both sheep and cattle.

Substantial growth in Malian milk supply is necessary to meet rising demand for dairy products while also improving the livelihoods of milk producers and strengthening the competitiveness of the Malian dairy sector against imports. We applied a Cragg two-tiered model to a nationally representative dataset of dairy farming households to examine factors influencing market participation decisions. Four key findings and corresponding policy implications emerged. Firstly, dairy herd size was positively associated with market entry and milk sales. Improving the dissemination of higher-yielding improved breeds, to which less than 10% of households had access, should result in an increase in milk supply. Secondly, herd access to water, feed, and veterinary care also had the positive effect of increased milk supply, highlighting the importance of increased investment in animal health and nutrition. Thirdly, female-headed households were more likely to enter milk markets and they sold greater volumes than male-headed households. Because women typically face inequitable access to productive resources, gender-responsive policies and programs in the dairy sector should help to stimulate milk supply. Fourthly, an increase in milk price was associated with an increase in milk sales. This provides evidence that Malian milk producers are responsive to price incentives, while underlining the importance of incorporating dairy products into existing market information systems.

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious animal disease that causes irreparable damage to the economy of countries, including Iran in which this disease is a native one. Among the ways to combat FMD are vaccination and slaughter. Due to the specific situation of Iran, it is not possible to kill infected animals. Therefore, vaccination is the most important way to fight this disease. Serum neutralization test (SNT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are two main methods to evaluate the safety and calculate antibody titer. In this study, an indirect ELISA test was developed based on the coating of a complete viral particle (140s) which made it possible to determine antibody. In addition, serotype and viral type were determined without the need for time-consuming and complex molecular tasks, including gene expression. Moreover, in case of a new epidemic, a new epidemic condition can be detected using a serum antibody method. However, the coating of the complete viral particle leads to virus purification as well as the conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody testing of the same animal. In this study, the SNT was used as a gold standard test to determine the serum antibody level and compare its results with indirect ELISA method to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the indirect ELISA. To measure the anti-virus antibody rate of FMD (type A2013) through receiver operating characteristic analysis with 100% sensitivity and the specificity of 90%, the routine formulas were utilized using 100 % and 82%sensitivity and specificity, respectively. In this study, the cutoff value for the optical density was obtained at 0.3 and there was a significant difference between the vaccinated animals and the unvaccinated ones in terms of antibody level against the A2013 type. This indicates the correctness of the test and the accurate and proportional antibody detection against the understudy viral types of FMD.

The bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) remains one of the major diseases affecting modern cattle breeding. This debilitating and sometimes lethal complex has a considerable economic impact in terms of production losses and reduced productivity. The multitude of aetiologies causing and risk factors associated with this pathology render its control difficult. This literature review presents current therapeutic and preventive approaches against BRDC.

Pediatricians and allergists have noted a recent increase in cases of food allergy and anaphylaxis to peanuts and nuts, affecting very young children with worrying consequences in terms of quality of life. Children suffering from persistent cow's milk protein allergies that do not heal spontaneously are at very high risk of a fatal accident. Based on the findings of these studies, recommendations for primary prevention are made., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a trajetória da agência e das mudanças nos relacionamentos entre os atores numa rede de produtores rurais que vem até o momento obtendo sucesso na sua organização. O estudo de caso foi realizado numa rede de produtores de gado de corte denominada Associação dos Produtores dos Campos de Cima da Serra do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul no Brasil - APROCCIMA. Foram utilizadas duas estratégias metodológicas, uma qualitativa e outra quantitativa. Como resultados, foram observados dois tipos de agência: Partner mode e Intermediary mode e seis eventos na rede estudada. A partir dos eventos foi observada uma melhora na estrutura da rede em quatro das cinco características de relacionamentos. Constatou-se centralidade decrescente, cliques maiores, densidade crescente, grau de assortatividade decrescente e crescente número de atores participando do núcleo central da rede.

In this ethnographic essay, I explore how the forest in Central Chile is being transformed. Initially interested in the ecological processes that influence the recomposition of the forest after anthropogenic disturbances, I find that the forest becomes difficult to situate in the socio-economic landscape. In a local legend, the angel Gabriel kills the devil caught in the forest by the yarn of his poncho, which comes unravelled, tangled in the trees. But the devil does not die. In a similar way, I try to trace and trap the issues of social inequality and economic transformations that determine what and for whom the forest is used. And even if the inequalities and exploitations of the past are killed - analytically, symbolically, in practice - they reappear in another form. The forest transforms itself with socio-economic changes.

The reported study was carried out from October 2014 to January 2015 and involved 622 cattle belonging to a dairy farm in North Tunisia. Each animal was examined once for the presence of lice. The infestation prevalence was estimated at 14.3% (89/622). Three louse species were collected: Linognathus vituli (2.7%), Haematopinus eurysternus (11.4%) and Bovicola bovis (0.8%). The co-infestation prevalence was 0.6% and concerned only B. bovis and L. vituli, collected from four calves (three males and one female). Calves were infested by the three species, L. vituli (17.5%), B. bovis (5.2%) and H. eurysternus (1.0%), whereas adults were only infested by H. eurysternus (13.3%). All H. eurysternus parasites were found on the tail of the animals, whereas L. vituli was present on the whole body. B. bovis infested the anterior body parts, mainly the dorsal region (60%) (p < 0.05). Clinical signs were observed only in calves under six months. The infested calves showed pruritus (63%) and depilation (37%).

This study is funded by the Regional project for sustainable management of globally significant endemic ruminant livestock -PROGEBE- in West Africa, which includes Guinea, Mali, Senegal and Gambia. In Guinea, several prefectures were covered in the four natural regions of the country. In the primary sites of Gaoual, Boke, Dinguiraye and Beyla, livestock farming faces several pathologies including reproduction diseases. The objective of this study was to identify and determine the prevalence of bacterial, viral and parasitic responsible for abortions in order to implement prophylactic measures. The research was carried out in targeted villages involved in cattle breeding. The pathogens sought were Brucella abortus, Trichomonas fetus, Campylobacter spp. and the Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVF). Agglutination techniques (RBT), complement fixation, direct search method of trichomoniasis, the May-Grünwald Giemsa and indirect ELISA for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies were used for the detection of these etiological agents. The results reveal that brucellosis affects11.75% and 42.31% of the villages’ herds. The animals examined were free of trichomoniasis, campylobacteriosis and Rift Valley Fever.

El abandono de las funciones agrícolas en el caserío vasco está provocando un proceso de extensificación generalizado de los usos del suelo agrario, observándose en algunas comarcas los primeros ejemplos de parcelas abandonadas. No es un estado exclusivo de esta área, sino que responde a un proceso generalizado y especialmente visible en áreas de montaña. La preocupación ante este fenómeno ha llevado a la puesta en marcha distintas iniciativas tendentes a mantener en uso el suelo agrícola, algunas de las cuales han obtenido unos resultados importantes. Dedicamos este artículo a describir uno de los modelos impulsados en distintas comarcas del territorio Guipuzcoano y a analizar su incidencia, como es la potenciación de los servicios de maquinaria y especialmente el ensilado de forraje. The farm less process of the cow sector in Basque Country is getting an extensive process in a farm uses. In some areas, this process has done the first examples of abandoned of farm ground. The farmer and the farm public institutions, however, do not see this done whit indifference and are trying to add this process between a different projects to lend the farm use of the ground. In this paper, we describe one of the affairs tried in the area of Gipuzkoa, in Basque Country, and studying its influence as be the farmer machinery services and, especially, the ensilage of green.

Mastitis is an expensive disease in dairy breeding and efficient early detection of this disease is one of the keys means to reduce its effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the electrical conductivity (EC) of milk as a subclinical mastitis indicator in dairy cattle, in the southern region of Souss-Massa, Morocco. The study was done on 191 cows belonging to 11 dairy cattle farms. The EC test using predefined thresholds showed that 67 % of quarters are healthy, 20 % have a risk to develop the disease and 13 % are infected. The analysis of 247 milk samples has highlighted the effect on the EC of lactation number and thereby 25.6% of infected quarters belong to cows on their fifth lactation number. The quarters of cows that are on their first lactation are healthy. It has also been observed that the age of cows had an effect on the disease appearance. Regular inspection of herds showed that inappropriate hygienic conditions constitute one of the risk factors to develop mastitis. Regarding treatment, we also noticed the high efficacy of antibiotic to stop disease development and decrease the EC values. The EC measurement seems to be an interesting tool that needs to be further developed in the region for routine and regular screening in integrated program against mastitis.

Diversity of Cattle Ticks and Seasonal Variation of Infestations in the Maritime Region of Togo. Ticks are a major constraint for the development of livestock production in West Africa, particularly in Togo. With a view to reducing the level of tick infestation below economic thresholds of harm, the diversity and parasite load of these pests was assessed by collecting them from July 2013 to June 2014 in 9 localities in the Maritime Region in Togo. A total of 18,378 adult ticks were collected from cattle. These ticks belong to 5 genera and 17 species of which the most abundant and frequent are: Amblyomma variegatum (Fabricius, 1794) (38.30%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (31.84%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (17.43%). The different localities surveyed were similar in terms of specific diversity of ticks. The level of infestation of cattle by the 3 most abundant tick species was higher in Kamina with a mean of 22.02 ± 15.88 ticks/bovine/month (F = 5.836; df = 107; P

The present study was performed to evaluate and compare the Fluorescence Polarization Assay (FPA) as a confirmatory test for bovine brucellosis in the province of Carchi - Ecuador, comparing it with a immuno-enzymatic assay cELISA which is a test prescribed as confirmatory diagnosis in the National Bovine Brucellosis Control Program for Ecuador. The study was carried out in the province of Carchi, which is located in the north of Ecuador in blood serum samples (n = 1000) obtained from female bovines older than 2 years with unknown health status and vaccination, belonging to 94 Agricultural Production Units. The serum was analyzed by the Rose Bengal test (RB) and the positive results were confirmed through cELISA, and then compared with the FPA considering as cutoff ≥ 89.9 mP. Of the total samples analyzed with RB, 94 were positive. Of these positive samples 77 were confirmed for both cELISA and FPA. In addition, 11 samples that were positive for RB and cELISA were negative for FPA. Likewise, 6 samples positive for RB were classified as negative for both cELISA and FPA. The concordance analysis showed that there is a moderate concordance between the cELISA and the FPA with an index of 0.472 (95% CI 0.179 – 0.765) between the two tests.

Mandatory since the mid-1960s, "humanitarian" methods of slaughtering farmed animals became widespread in French slaughterhouses in the second half of the 20th century, in parallel with the meat market modernization process. The techniques of stunning and restraining animals thus become a component of a production process which gradually presents all the serial industry attributes. If such techniques globally adapt into animal categories, it does not always allow to take charge of their singularities. The rise of animal welfare will trigger a technical paradigm change in slaughterhouses: whereas the stunning and restraining systems were based on a certain adaptation of animals to machines, the European Animal Welfare Regulation, in force since 2013 in slaughterhouses, leads instead to a certain adaptation of machines to animals. In support of a corpus of 67 interviews and observations in 16 slaughterhouses, we demonstrate that this change in approach has made animal-machine adequacy a key factor of convergence between productive requirements and animal welfare. In this process, the most technological and specialized slaughterhouses appear structurally advantaged to meet animal welfare requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study is funded by the Regional project for sustainable management of globally significant endemic ruminant livestock - PROGEBE- in West Africa, which includes Guinea, Mali, Senegal and Gambia. In Guinea, several prefectures were covered in the four natural regions of the country. In the primary sites of Gaoual, Boke, Dinguiraye and Beyla, livestock farming faces several pathologies including reproduction diseases. The objective of this study was to identify and determine the prevalence of bacterial, viral and parasitic responsible for abortions in order to implement prophylactic measures. The research was carried out in targeted villages involved in cattle breeding. The pathogens sought were Brucella abortus, Trichomonas fetus, Campylobacter spp. and the Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVF). Agglutination techniques (RBT), complement fixation, direct search method of trichomoniasis, the May-Grünwald Giemsa and indirect ELISA for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies were used for the detection of these etiological agents. The results reveal that brucellosis affects11.75% and 42.31% of the villages' herds. The animals examined were free of trichomoniasis, campylobacteriosis and Rift Valley Fever. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]