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Les activités minières croissantes dans le monde contribuent à l’augmentation des métaux lourds dans la biosphère (des rivières). Cette étude a évalué le niveau de contamination de la rivière Naviundu en déterminant la concentration de certains métaux lourds (As, Co, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) dans les sédiments de surface. Les échantillons ont été prélevés en amont, en aval de la rivière Naviundu récepteur naturelle des effluents et dans le canal des effluents de l’usine de traitements des minerais. Le prélèvement des sédiments à l’aide des tarières à main de marque Eijkelkamp à une profondeur de 0 à 50 cm. Les concentrations des métaux lourds ont été déterminées à l’aide de spectroscopie d’émission atomique à plasma à couplage inductif (ICP-OES, Perkin Elmer ICP Optima 8300). La composante principale (ACP) pour l’analyse de données a été fait sur le logiciel spss. Celle-ci nous a permis de déterminer la source de la contamination des sédiments de la rivière Naviundu par les métaux lourds. Les concentrations moyenne d’As, Cr, Cu, Pb et Zn étaient supérieures aux valeurs de recommandations de qualité des sédiments (RQS) pour la protection de la vie aquatique et le niveau d’effet biologique probable. Le résultat de facteur d’enrichissement (FE) et d’indice de géo accumulation (Igéo)ont révélé une contamination des sédiments dans la canalisation et en aval par l’As, Cu, Co, Cd, Pb et Zn. L’association de ces éléments ajoutés le Cr génère un risque écologique très élevé pour la biocénose.

Plastic pollution has been reported to affect Arctic mammals and birds. There are strengths and limitations to monitoring litter and microplastics using Arctic mammals and birds. One strength is the direct use of these data to understand the potential impacts on Arctic biodiversity as well as effects on human health, if selected species are consumed. Monitoring programs must be practically designed with all purposes in mind, and a spectrum of approaches and species will be required. Spatial and temporal trends of plastic pollution can be built on the information obtained from studies on northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis (Linnaeus, 1761)), a species that is an environmental indicator. To increase our understanding of the potential implications for human health, the species and locations chosen for monitoring should be selected based on the priorities of local communities. Monitoring programs under development should examine species for population level impacts in Arctic mammals and birds. Mammals and birds can be useful in source and surveillance monitoring via locally designed monitoring programs. We recommend future programs consider a range of monitoring objectives with mammals and birds as part of the suite of tools for monitoring litter and microplastics, plastic chemical additives, and effects, and for understanding sources.

Using two concepts providing by the Tarkovskij and Aleksievič’s works (Stalker and Voices from Chernobyl), scaling down the nuclear in terms of both space and time and the idea of contaminated fiction, the article focuses on the Metro 2033 phenomenon. Through the structures and capabilities of transmedia storytelling, Metro 2033 transforms fallout fantasy into a new, collaboratively produced and performed narrative, coined “bunker bildungsroman”, fostering hyper-reading and participants’ own narratives of emergence. The multidirectional, dialogic interpretation between the real, the imaginary, the lived and the speculative potentialities of the nuclear mobilizes the bunker bildungsroman into a powerful handbook of living.

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environnement, Risques & Santé is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study assesses the groundwater quality in the vicinity of the newly established landfill site in the city of Tangier. A total of 8 wells and 2 water sources within a 2-kilometer radius of the landfill were sampled for analysis. The selection of sampling sites was carefully executed, taking into consideration the flow direction and elevation in the study area to ensure representative results. The study focused on the analysis of 11 physicochemical parameters to evaluate the suitability of the groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes. Notably, the pH measurements at various points (S1, S2, P4, P7, P8) consistently fell within the WHO's recommended range of 6.5-8.5 for safe drinking water. Conductivity values (μS/cm) were well below the limit of 1000 μS/cm at each location, indicating low levels of dissolved ions. Additionally, the TDS levels (ppm) did not exceed the WHO limit of 500 ppm, further confirming water quality that meets international standards. These findings provide valuable insights into the groundwater quality for safe drinking water and irrigation purposes in the area. The results contribute to informed decision-making and sustainable water resource management practices, ensuring the preservation of local water resources in the context of the landfill's environmental impact.

Milk is a food ingredient that is considered main source of nutrition for humans because contains essential substances for the body. Microbial contamination of milk can pose various health hazards to humans. Information regarding trends in microbial contamination and mapping its distribution is still limited. Research continues to develop rapidly with methods of analyzing bibliographic linkages with scientific communication models, data that is increasingly interesting to explore. The data were analyzed using bibliometric methods related to milk contamination in Indonesia. After sorting, 108 suitable articles were obtained. The results of the analysis show the peak of article production. After 2021, there was a decrease in the number of publications, indicating a shift in research direction. International collaboration between countries also looks significant. Key themes such as “probiotics,” “milk yield,” and “lactic acid bacteria (lab)” emerged as dominant focuses in this study. Meanwhile, the theme in the ‘Emerging or Declining Themes’ area, has not yet become main focus, but there is potential for development, and challenges that require further research and innovation. Overall, this review provides insight into research trends, international collaborations, and theme dynamics, eflecting the need for future research to continue to explore and reassess research focus.

In the context of the challenges imposed by climate change, which exerts constant pressure on water security in Morocco, the Moulouya River, one of the main sources of surface water, frequently undergoes spatiotemporal variations in its quality. This situation is particularly worrying in the upstream part of the river, where the old Zaida mine is located, which is now inactive and leaves significant residues in the form of slag heaps in direct contact with the waters of the Moulouya River. To assess the impact of this abandoned mining waste, eight (08) water sampling stations (S1 to S8) were chosen to analyse the concentrations of two (02) essential metals, namely, lead and zinc. The results revealed lead concentrations of approximately 0.13 mg/L on average during the dry period and 0.09 mg/L during the humid period. The average zinc concentration was 0.29 mg/L during the dry season and 0.32 mg/L during the humid season. The maximum concentrations were recorded at the stations closest to the aforementioned mine, in particular, S1, S2 and S3. Other maximum concentrations were observed at station S6. These results highlighted the significant impact of mining slag heaps exposed to the open sky on the physico-chemical and metallic quality of Moulouya waters. This finding highlights the urgency of continued monitoring of this vital water resource to protect it against potential risks of contamination.

This paper deals with the case of a long-term swimming ban on a beach in the urban area of La Rochelle on the French Atlantic coast due to recurring exceedances of sanitary standards regarding water quality. It questions the confrontation of a coastal urban population with an environmental contamination issue in a space usually practiced for leisure activities. This analysis is presented through an environmental geography approach considering nature-society interactions and focusing on the perception of environmental quality in the attractiveness of coastal areas. Through the presentation of a survey’s results conducted among the local population, the aim is to analyze the way in which the user population perceives the alteration of the environmental quality of the beach and the bathing water and whether their understanding is homogeneous. The ways in which the origin of the contamination and the prevention dimension of the prohibition measures affect the population's understanding are presented. The changes in the practice of the beach and in the perception of this leisure space are related to the mode of information reception on the environment’s contamination. The roles of memory effect and place attachment that lead to the maintenance of certain practices will also be presented.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission has been epidemiologically linked to healthcare settings, particularly out-of-hospital settings such as endoscopy clinics and hemodialysis clinics. These have been largely attributed to lapses in infection prevention and control practices (IPAC). Objective: To describe the public health response to an outbreak of HCV that was detected among patients of a colonoscopy clinic in Ontario, and to highlight the risks of using multi-dose vials and the need for improved IPAC practices in out-of-hospital settings. Methods: Screening for HCV was conducted on patients and staff who attended or worked at the clinic within the same timeframe as the index case’s procedure. Blood samples from positive cases underwent viral sequencing. Inspections of the clinic assessed IPAC practices, and a chart review was done to identify plausible mechanisms for transmission. Outcome: A total of 38% of patients who underwent procedures at the clinic on the same day as the index case tested positive for HCV. Genetic sequencing showed a high degree of similarity in the HCV genetic sequence among the samples positive for HCV. Chart review and clinic inspection identified use of multi-dose vials of anesthesia medication across multiple patients as the plausible mechanism for transmission. Conclusion: Healthcare workers, especially those in out-of-hospital procedural/surgical premises, should be vigilant in following IPAC best practices, including those related to the use of multi-dose vials, to prevent the transmission of bloodborne infections in healthcare settings.

Contexte : La transmission du virus de l’hépatite C (VHC) a été épidémiologiquement liée aux établissements de santé, en particulier aux établissements de soins externes, tels que les cliniques d’endoscopie et d’hémodialyse. Celles-ci ont été largement attribuées à des manquements concernant la prévention et le contrôle des infections. Objectif : Décrire les mesures de santé publique face à une épidémie du VHC détectée parmi les patients d’une clinique de coloscopie en Ontario, et souligner les risques liés à l’utilisation de flacons à doses multiples et la nécessité d’améliorer les pratiques de prévention et le contrôle des infections dans les établissements de soins externes. Méthodes : Le dépistage du VHC a été effectué chez les patients et le personnel qui ont fréquenté la clinique ou y ont travaillé en même temps que l’intervention du cas indexé. Les échantillons de sang des cas positifs ont été soumis à un séquençage viral. Des inspections de la clinique ont permis d’évaluer les pratiques de prévention et le contrôle des infections, et un examen des dossiers a été effectué pour cerner les mécanismes plausibles de transmission. Résultat : Au total, 38 % des patients qui ont subi des interventions à la clinique le même jour que le cas indexé a reçu un résultat positif pour le VHC. Le séquençage génétique a montré un haut degré de similarité dans la séquence génétique du VHC parmi les échantillons positifs pour le VHC. L’examen des dossiers et l’inspection des cliniques ont permis de désigner l’utilisation de flacons à doses multiples de médicaments d’anesthésie chez plusieurs patients comme mécanisme plausible de transmission. Conclusion : Les travailleurs de la santé, en particulier ceux qui se trouvent dans des établissements d’intervention ou chirurgicaux externes, devraient être vigilants et s’en tenir aux pratiques exemplaires de prévention et le contrôle des infections, notamment celles liées à l’utilisation de flacons à doses multiples, afin de prévenir la transmission d’infections hématogènes dans les établissements de soins de santé.

Aflatoxins (AFs) released by fungi are observed in the cow’s milk even after pasteurization. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) has particularly an incredible clinical significance, as a critical carcinogenic agent for humans. Several strategies have been implemented for lowering the AFM1 amount, such as the employment of probiotics, particularly lactobacilli or lactic acid bacteria (LAB). However, this strategy has not been applied routinely until today. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three LABs on the reduction of AFM1 in traditional milk and cheese samples. In total, 85 milk (n=45) and cheese (n=40) samples were obtained from the open markets of Shiraz, Iran, from February to June 2018. Additionally, the AFM1 levels were evaluated, compared to those of the National Iranian Standard. The data were then analyzed in SPSS software (version 20) through the Chi-square test. Statistical analysis was performed at a 95% confidence level (p-value of

High contamination of incubation eggs of waterfowl and, as a consequence, penetration of microorganisms through the shell leads to embryonic mortality, poults weakness, high mortality in the first day of life, so it is important to sanitize eggs immediately after their collection. This article presents the results of using 1.6% hydrogen peroxide solution as a disinfectant for treating incubation duck eggs. The results of microbiological research of washes from the surface of incubation duck eggs, setter air, otoscopy, hatchability and safety of day-old growing are also reflected. During the study, it was found that pre-hatching treatment of duck eggs with 1.6% hydrogen peroxide solution reduced the degree of contamination on the shell surface, hatchability of eggs in the experimental group was higher by 3.1% than in the control group, safety - by 3.6%, respectively.

The present investigation emphasizes on the evaluation of heavy metal pollution indices to assess the suitability of groundwater for human consumption. For this, thirty groundwater samples were collected from the villages near Ellenabad city of Sirsa during pre monsoon of 2018 from the tube-wells. The samples were collected from approximately 100 m of depth. The samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry (ICP - MS) for heavy metals like As, Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu and Mn. The heavy metals As, Hg and Pb were not found in our samples. The indices like heavy metal pollution index (HPI), heavy metal evolution index (HEI) and Hazard index (HI) were calculated to assess the suitability for drinking. These indices numerically give the suitability of groundwater for human consumption. On the basis of HEI and HPI, all the samples were found to be suitable for human consumption. The value of HI > 1 shows the unsuitability of groundwater for consumption. On the basis of the analysis, it can be said that children are at more risk followed by adults and then infants. The value of HI > 1 has been found for only two samples and which was also for children in sample number 20 and 24. So, majority of the samples have been found to be suitable for human consumption. Principal component analysis was performed for factor analysis which shows the initial Eigen value of more than two and total variance of more than 41.

Résumé: Les études épidémiologiques et observationnelles convergent aujourd'hui pour suspecter un risque de contracter la Covid-19 autour des repas et des prises de boissons partagées. La contamination des objets de la table (assiettes, couverts, verres) ou des aliments et boissons mis en bouche est possible par la voie des gouttelettes projetées lors de la parole ou par des contacts directs par les mains souillées. Cette contamination pourrait impliquer les employés de la chaîne alimentaire, le personnel des restaurants ou des bars et les convives entre eux. La biopersistance sur les mains et les aliments froids soutient l'hypothèse d'une contamination par voie alimentaire. La voie oro-digestive est une voie d'infection également confortée par la présentation clinique des malades, la présence de récepteurs ACE2 et TMPRSS2 et celle du virus SARS-CoV-2 retrouvé dans l'ensemble du tube digestif. En outre, la reproduction de la maladie par des modèles expérimentaux d'inoculation orale chez les animaux confirme cette hypothèse. La prévention autour de la chaîne alimentaire et autour de la prise du repas par des mesures d'hygiène strictes, notamment l'hygiène des mains, est essentielle et devrait facilement être étendue à d'autres champs d'application de la vie quotidienne. Epidemiological and observational studies converge to suspect today a risk of contracting Covid-19 around shared meals and drinks. Contamination of table objects (plates, cutlery, glasses) or food and beverages put in the mouth is possible through droplets projected during speech or through direct contacts by dirty hands. This contamination could involve employees in the food chain, restaurant or bar staff and diners among themselves. Biopersistence on hands and cold food supports the hypothesis of contamination by the food route. The oral-digestive route is also supported by the clinical presentation of the patients, the presence of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptors and the SARS-CoV-2 virus found in the entire digestive tract. In addition, the reproduction of the disease via the oral route in experimental animal models confirms this hypothesis. Prevention around the food chain and around the meal by strict hygiene measures, especially hand hygiene, is essential and may be extended to other fields of application of everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars of Greek and Roman science – and especially of ancient medicine – have been debating for several years which notions of ‘contagion’, i.e. the transmission of a disease from an individual to another, classical antiquity may have had. It is, for many reasons, an interesting question. On the one hand the ancients, whichever ancient civilization is taken into consideration, have conceived of nature and humanity in ways very different from our current ones, but also show, through various narrative forms, feelings and perceptions that can be similar to ours. On the other hand, such comparisons allow to refine our study tools as regards differences in mentality as well as the transformation lines of culture and language.

Preached in 1620-1621, Donne’s two sermons on Matthew 18.7 (“Woe unto the world because of offences”) map out the complexities of spiritual scandals. The various forms of the active and passive scandals delineated in these texts chiefly appear as contagious and reversible. The study of Donne’s “doctrine of scandals” explores how contagion sets in and invades both sermons. Tripping over their own definitions, they become ideologically scandalous texts. This transformation is reflected and enacted by their halting logic, ethics and poetics.

INTRODUCTION: Le diagnostic de la tuberculose par culture sur milieu solide demeure la méthode de référence malgré le développement de nouvelles méthodes. Cependant, les performances de cette méthode sont entravées par des taux élevés de contamination des cultures dues à des bactéries sporulantes. Ces bactéries sont en général sensibles à la vancomycine et par conséquent à l´association vancomycine, colistine, nystatine et triméthoprime (VCNT). L´objectif de notre étude était donc d´évaluer l´efficacité d´un milieu de culture sélectif de Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) à base de VCNT pour réduire les contaminations de culture. METHODES: Des expectorations collectées chez 120 patients tuberculeux et non tuberculeux inclus entre Octobre 2016 et Mai 2017 ont été décontaminées par la méthode modifiée de Petroff. Les culots de décontamination ont été inoculés sur les milieux LJ ordinaires (LJ-MO) et sélectif LJ-VCNT à 10µg/ml de vancomycine. Quinze souches de bactéries sporulâtes ont été inoculées sur les mêmes types de milieux afin d´évaluer leur susceptibilité au VNCT. RESULTATS: Les contaminations des cultures sur le milieu LJ-VCNT à 10µg/ml de vancomycine et sur milieu LJ-MO étaient respectivement de 11,66% (14/120) et de 39,16% (47/120) avec p‹0.0001. La susceptibilité des bactéries sporulâtes au VCNT diminuait avec l´augmentation de la durée d´incubation des cultures. CONCLUSION: Le milieu sélectif de L-J VNCT à 10µg/ml de vancomycine a permis une réduction significative du taux de contamination des cultures. Ce milieu pourrait contribuer à l´amélioration de la qualité des cultures des mycobactéries et donc du diagnostic bactériologique de la tuberculose.

Covid-19 is an infectious disease caused by a coronavirus. In Brazil, the first cases arrived via the airports of the city of São Paulo and spread throughout the country. In this paper maps of the Southern region allow the visualization of COVID-19 cases by municipality, cumulative cases, cumulative deaths, incidence rate of cases per 100,000 inhabitants (relationship between cases and population of the municipality) and the case-fatality rate (relationship between the number of deaths and the number of people infected). The maps indicate that the highest concentrations occur on a few sections of the road network, mainly along the BR-386 motorway, which connects Carazinho - RS to Porto Alegre - RS, of the Freeway motorway, which connects the capital from the State to the beaches, and BR-101, one of the most important of the north-south link. Although not conclusive, the diagrams presented can be used to plan emergency actions for the disease.

INTRODUCTION: Vegetables form a major component of the human diet. However, poor agronomic practices may put consumers at risk of parasitic infections. This study evaluated the parasitic contamination of vegetables grown in selected farms in Ibadan, Nigeria. METHODS: Two hundred and eigthy vegetable species: African eggplant (Solanum macrocarpon), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), cucumber (Brassica oleracea), spinach (Amaranthus cruentus), white jute (Corchorus olitorius), pumpkin (Telfaria occidentalis), green pepper (Capsicum sp.), okro (Abelmoschus esculentus), quill grass (Celosia argenta L), tomato (Lycopersicum sativus) were collected from farms within Ibadan. Samples were washed in water, and the resulting washing solution was filtered and centrifuged to concentrate the parasitic stages. Sediments were examined by iodine and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stained smears technique. RESULTS: parasites were detected in 14 (5.0%, 95% CI 32.6%-67.3%) of samples. The highest contaminated vegetable was white jute 32.1 (95% CI 17.9%-50.6%), followed by pumpkin 7.1(95% CI 1.9-22.6), quill grass 7.1 (95% CI 1.9-22.6) and lettuce 3.5 (95% CI 0.6-17.7). The commonest parasites were Strongyloides stercoralis larvae 42.9 (95% CI 21.3-67.4), Entamoeba histolytica/E.dipaar 21.4 (95% CI 7.5-47.5), Trichostrongylus spp 21.4 (95% CI 21.3-67.4), and Ascaris sp. 14.3 (95% CI 4.0-39.9). CONCLUSION: these findings provide evidence of contamination of vegetables from farms in Ibadan with parasites of public health importance. Information on best practices should be designed, packaged and disseminated through appropriate channels to enhance positive behavior change among farmers.

Fish is one of the main sources of animal protein commercialized fresh or processed in Côte d’Ivoire. Health problems and even nutritional risks were noticed in spite of the existence of self-control systems and official controls in place. The objective of this study is to determine the causes of the sanitary insecurity and to evaluate the microbiological quality of the fish sold in the distribution channels of Abidjan. The Ishikawa method was used to identify the causes of health insecurity. The results of the microbiological analyzes carried out on frozen fish (Trachurus trachurus, Scombers combrus) and fresh (Chrysichthys nigrodigitafus) show that the coliform count is high (7.1 102 and 8.1 101) in fresh fish. However, Staphylococcus aureusis was below 10 CFU/g of product. Salmonella spp was absent in all the samples under the investigation. Labor remains the major source of germs and the most important “weakest link”. Appropriate corrective action will reduce the sanitary insecurity of fishsold in the distribution system by around 90%.

Copyright of Pan African Medical Journal is the property of Pan African Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Moroccan Journal of Quantitative & Qualitative Research is the property of National Association for Applied Sciences - Academy of Researchers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Characterization of fogs is an important problem that does not have a good solution in real conditions. To investigate this problem, we chose the electromagnetic echo effect (EMEE) because it offers several advantages measurements are fast, accurate and can be contactless. Various concepts for the detection of impurities in the composition of fogs by implementing the EMEE were considered. An overview was made of the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed methods. An experimental setup was designed to conduct studies regarding the development of sensors for the control of fog contaminations. It has been experimentally proven that a change in the generated EMEE signal is observed when a change in the composition of the fog is present. The signal is also influenced by various conditions, e.g. solid interaction efficiency and laser beam intensity, modulation frequency, etc. Those parameters were optimized properly to achieve high sensitivity and accuracy. Research results indicate the possibility to use them for the detection of CBRN agents.

Milano sconosciuta. The contamination of a horizontal Hell. The relevant voice of the Scapigliati in the press and, even more, the unique opportunity offered by the publication (1878) of Paolo Valera’s novel Milano sconosciuta mark the conflict between the myth of the “moral capital” and the myth of what we might define the reject capital. Its connected imagery emerges, and takes shape, from Valera’s violent denunciation of both the social conditions in which the class of the poor struggled along and of the bourgeois hypocrisy. A harsh scandal followed. After hardly ten years this upsetting imagery was corroded and overturned by irony, sedated and made harmless. Starting from that dynamic relation implied in literary – and not only literary – works that associates the beautiful with the right and the true, this paper investigates the dialectal pair pure/impure played by Valera in a text which was opening an unaware, necessary passage towards modernity.

INTRODUCTION : la réalisation des hémocultures est le meilleur moyen de diagnostic des bactériémies, cependant les résultats faussement positifs peuvent entraîner une confusion concernant les schémas thérapeutiques antibiotiques, mettant ainsi en danger la sécurité des patients. L'objectif principal de ce travail est d'évaluer la prévalence des Staphylocoques à coagulase négative (SCN) ainsi que Corynebacterium spp et Bacillus spp dans les ballons d'hémoculture analysés au Laboratoire de Microbiologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Ibn Rochd de Casablanca. Cette prévalence a été aussi évaluée en fonction de différents services hospitaliers sur l'année 2016.Méthodes: il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective descriptive basée sur une analyse de la base de données informatisée du laboratoire de bactériologie-virologie du CHU Ibn Rochd de Casablanca sur une période de 12 mois allant du 1er janvier au 31 décembre 2016, Ont été inclus dans notre étude les bactéries faisant partie de la flore commensale (staphylocoque à coagulase négative,corynébactéries spp et Bacillus spp) Les ballons d'hémoculture ont été incubés sur automate Bactec FX . L'identification des germes à partir d'une culture positive a été réalisée selon les techniques standards de bactériologie et l'antibiogramme selon EUCAST 2015. L'étude est basée sur une analyse de la base de données informatisée du système KALISIL (Netika) version (2.2.10.) du laboratoire de microbiologie du CHU Ibn Rochd-Casablanca Maroc.Résultats: sur 7959 demandes d'hémocultures adressées au laboratoire de bactériologie provenant de 5801 patients, 2491 étaient positifs dont 848, soit 34% des ballons positifs ou 10,6% de l'ensemble des ballons reçus durant l'année 2016, ont été représentées par staphylocoque à coagulase négative, 56 soit (2,2%) ballons des hémocultures par corrynébacteruim SP, suivi par 60 soit (2,4%) ballons par bacillus sp. La fréquence d'isolement du SCN par rapport aux autres bactéries en fonction des services cliniques a montré une fréquence plus élevée dans les services de pédiatrie avec 47,2% suivie des services de médecine avec 44,1%.Conclusion: cette étude montre que, Les staphylocoques à coagulase négative sont les organismes les plus fréquemment isolés des hémocultures, ils constituent une cause non négligeable d'infections nosocomiales mais, ils sont également les contaminants les plus courants des hémocultures.

Copyright of Pan African Medical Journal is the property of Pan African Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Modern scholarship on the textual history of Church Slavonic biblical translation recognizes two distinct revisions of the Church Slavonic Psalter from the early fourteenth century, Redaction III (sometimes called the ‘Athonite’ redaction) and Redaction IV, known only in the Norov psalter manuscript. Although they are both attested from the same period and in manuscripts of similar Bulgarian provenance, these two redactions are in some respects systematically different in their linguistic character, their approach to translational issues and their Greek textual basis. In the light of A.A. Turilov’s observation that the Mihanović Psalter, possibly the earliest witness to Redaction III, is written in the same hand as the greater part of the Norov Psalter, this paper examines the textual antecedents of the two redactions and the importance of the Mihanović Psalter as a link between them.

Abi-Ghanem Carine, Celine Mahfouz, Gaby Khalaf, Elie Najjar, Henri El-Zakhem and Rima Manneh. 2016. Pb, Cd and Cu distribution and mobility in marine sediments from two ports in Lebanon: Beirut army naval port and Tripoli fishing port. Lebanese Science Journal, 17(1): 59-75. Lead, cadmium and copper distribution and mobility in superficial sediments collected from the Beirut army navel port and Tripoli fishing port in Lebanon were studied. Results showed relatively high concentrations of Pb (181.4-518.9μg.g-1), Cd (1.33-6.7μg.g-1), and Cu (141-246.8μg.g-1) in sediments inside the port of Beirut. In Tripoli fishing port, Pb and Cd concentrations in sampled sediments were lower. However, higher Cu concentrations (up to 524.5 μg.g-1) were detected in Tripoli sediments. The extractability of Cd, Pb and Cu from the sediments of Beirut and Tripoli port were studied by applying EDTA 0.05M and CaCl2 0.01M extractions for two extraction times: 1h and 24h. These extractions showed that Cd and Pb were highly mobilized by EDTA. However, only Pb was mobilized by CaCl2 from sediments collected in Beirut military port.

Liudmyla Tomusiak. Duplexes as a marker of transition in syntax. The functional features of sentences which contain duplexes are considered in the article. Constructions with duplexes are products of syntactic "crossing", interaction of two or more nuclear sentences, which leads to the formation of syntactic unit that simultaneously combines features of simple and complex sentences, that is stands on the border between the sentences of various structures. Being the result of information "consolidation" duplexes as a predicate of reductive predication has a grammatical meaning, but expresses it indirectly through another situation directly correlated with the reality and with the moment of speaking and which is transmitted with the main predication (combination of predictive subject and predicate). So simple sentences with duplex component represent the example of preproposition complication model that are semantically complicated structures which remain simple on a formal level. Semantically complicated sentence is semantic and syntactic derivative, which occupies a transitional zone between the systems of simple and complex sentences. These are sentence that represent asymmetry of the language sign. The content of the sentence is a complex formation which has the objective preproposition and modalcommunicative components. Semantically nonelementary sentence contains a number of proposals. Condensation of mental content and compact of structuresyntactic organization are achieved with the use of such sentences that allows them to perform semantic analogues to the corresponding types of complex sentences. Interpretation of prepropositional structures within a simple sentence can be described as a process of cognition. In this case prepropositional structures in simple sentences should be considered as cognitively complex, because they are given in to "guessing" and "deployment" during the interpretation of communication process. Such structures are compressional versions of complex sentences with not always transparent relations. We believe that such constructions are complicated due to two factors: semantic (presence of two situations or events in the expression) and psychological (ambiguity in the perception of those events). Key words: syntactic transitivity, duplexes, proposition, preproposition, contamination, secondary predication, actantial syntaxeme, actual division. Людмила Томусяк. Дуплексив как маркер переходности в синтаксисе. В статье рассмотрены функциональные особенности предложений, содержащих дуплексив. Доказано, что такие синтаксические построения являются дериватами и находятся на границе между простыми и сложными предложениями, то есть иллюстрируют явление переходности на синтаксическом уровне. Использованием таких предложений достигается конденсация содержания и компактность структурносинтаксической организации, что позволяет им выступать смысловыми аналогами соответствующих типов сложных предложений.Ключевые слова: синтаксическая переходность, дуплексив, пропозиция, полипропозитивность, контаминация, вторичная предикация, актантные синтаксемы, актуальное членение.

Meat is known to be one of the vehicles for many diseases to humans. The aim of this study is the comparison of the microbiological and hygienic quality of fresh turkey meat marketed in the most popular districts of Kenitra city. Fresh meat samples were taken from stores localized in six different districts. Microorganisms tests were conducted according to the appropriate standards. The Aerobic Mesophilic Flora (AFM) was most counted in district five (7.69±0.212 log10ufc/g), while the highest total and fecal coliform charges were obtained in district six with rates of 7.68±0.160 and 6.89±0.132 log10ufc/g, respectively. Cases of Salmonella spp were observed in all districts, except district five with frequencies up to 10.71%. Pseudomonas aeuroginosa charge was high in district five and its prevalence was high (21.42%) in districts two, four and six. Regarding Clostridium perfringens, the charges were up to 2.11±0.55 log10ufc/g in district six and a high prevalence of 42.85% was in district four. Escherichia coli showed dominance in all the districts studied with a high prevalence in district four with a rate of 75% and a high charge in district five (4.37 log10ufc/g). The presence of Staphylococcus aureus was significant in district four with a rate of 28.57% and a high concentration in district five (4.47 log10ufc/g). This study has shown great variability in the results found between the different districts and the rate of contaminations affecting this product. In fact, this microbiological and hygienic quality of raw turkey meat sold in these districts was judged marginal indicating the need for improved hygienic standards.

This essay examines the conflation of blood stains, blots and blemishes, and graphic allusions in William Shakespeare’s The Rape of Lucrece (1594) and Thomas Middleton’s The Ghost of Lucrece (1600), to suggest that both poets embrace the material, and particularly the staining, qualities of blood in their versions of the Lucretia narrative. It interrogates the role that Lucrece’s tainted and staining blood performs in exposing her rape; by translating the stain in Lucrece’s blood into the typographic marks of blots and stains, Shakespeare challenges the representational limitations of both. It will suggest that Lucrece’s blotting and staining blood crosses the borders between the animate, medicalised body and the written text. By reading Lucrece’s contamination as ‘infection’ (907, Lt. infectus, inficere, to corrupt, dye, stain, imbue), it draws humoral interpretations of Lucrece into conversation with the poem’s rich matrix of textual and typographic images. Indeed, in sixteenth century usage, to distain and, in its aphetic form, to stain is always both to colour and discolour: to mark, blemish and defile (OED 4.a), but also to remove or deprive of colour (OED 1.a, †2). In this sense, Lucrece’s stained and staining blood is simultaneously destructive and creative. In addition to being blot, blemish and stain, Lucrece’s blood provides ‘testament’ (1183) and ‘excuse’ (1316); whilst blood is cause and symptom, it is also always readable and articulate. Accordingly, Lucrece’s bloody suicide makes public her internal, sanguineous stain - reading Lucrece and Lucrece, we undertake a diagnostic reading of blood. Finally, it examines Thomas Middleton’s The Ghost of Lucrece, and the way in which Shakespeare’s contemporary appropriates and amplifies the image of the bloody, graphic stain.

Nous proposons une analyse sociologique de la nourriture biologique en prenant comme axe directeur la production d’images et d’imaginaires. Deux formes symboliques apparaissent: la décontamination et l’écosophie. L’alimentation de nature biologique suggère par ses images et ses symboles une sé- curité pour le corps organique, débarrassé des impuretés de la société industrielle. Elle est aussi une manière pour les individus et les groupes de conserver un «capital santé». Associé à l’écologie, l’aliment biologique développe une nouvelle éthique habitée par les représentations du beau, du sain, du bon. Cet imaginaire rassemble les individus autour du partage de la nourriture et présente les éléments naturels comme essentiels dans la vie quotidienne, argumentant une réflexion autour de l’écosophie.