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The authors report a case of generalized acute peritonitis by perforation secondary to the ingestion of multiple magnets in a 9-year-old boy. They report on the diagnostic difficulties and the challenges of surgical management in this case and underline the importance of prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Résumé: Les évaluations des risques sanitaires des substances chimiques considèrent de plus en plus fréquemment les expositions agrégées et/ou cumulées afin de caractériser de manière la plus réaliste les risques sanitaires pour la population. L'exposition environnementale aux substances chimiques via la poussière sédimentée sur les surfaces intérieures doit-elle être prise en compte et de quelle manière ? La population est exposée aux substances chimiques présentes dans la poussière sédimentée par ingestion, inhalation et contact cutané. L'ingestion semble la voie d'exposition la plus importante, et la seule à pouvoir être estimée au vu des connaissances actuelles. Pour la mesure, il est recommandé d'utiliser la technique de prélèvement par aspiration sur une surface déterminée, suivie d'un tamisage à 250 μm (taille maximum des particules adhérant aux mains) afin de documenter les concentrations massique et surfacique. La mesure de la bioaccessibilité orale permettrait de mieux estimer l'exposition mais les méthodes ne sont pas validées à ce jour pour la majorité des composés. Les valeurs guides pour les poussières intérieures (VGPI) sont pertinentes si l'exposition via la poussière est non négligeable pour une fraction de la population. Elles pourraient être élaborées simplement en allouant à la poussière une fraction de la valeur toxicologique de référence. Health risk assessments of chemical substances consider aggregate and/or cumulative exposures in order to characterise population health risks realistically. Should environmental exposure to chemical substances via indoor settled dust be taken into account and if so, how? Exposure to the chemicals in settled dust can occur through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Ingestion appears to be the most important route of exposure, and the only one that can be estimated from current knowledge. The recommended measurement technique is sampling by vacuuming a given surface, then sieving the dust at 250 μm (maximum size of the particles adhering to the hands) to document the mass and surface concentrations. Oral bioaccessibility would provide a better exposure estimate, but its methods have not yet been validated for most compounds. Guideline values for indoor dust are relevant if exposure via dust is non-negligible for a fraction of the population. They could be developed by simply allocating a fraction of the toxicological reference value to dust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Male child of eighteen months old was admitted in the pediatric medical emergency department for ingestion of foreign body while he was playing with his seven years old sister. He was not presenting any symptoms. The clinical examination was normal: he was conscious, calm, with no respiratory distress. The inspection of oropharynx did not find any abrasions or lacerations and the abdomen examination was normal. A thoraco abdominal X-ray showed an image of a knife measuring 12cm between the lower third of the esophagus and the stomach. A second X-ray with the undressed child confirmed the diagnosis (A). A second anamnesis made the sister confess that they were watching a television show of sword swallowers when her brother ingested the knife. The patient was admitted in the operating room to extract the sharp object. The surgical removal did not find any lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and was successful (B).

Copyright of Topiques, Études Satoriennes is the property of Topiques, Études Satoriennes, Journal of the SATOR (Société d'Analyse la Topique Romanesque) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Topiques, Études Satoriennes is the property of Topiques, Études Satoriennes, Journal of the SATOR (Société d'Analyse la Topique Romanesque) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Synergies Algérie is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Jatropha curcas is a tropical plant belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family whose cultivation has been largely promoted in recent years for the production of biofuels. The kernel of the seed contains approximately 55% lipid in dry matter and the meal obtained could be an exceptional source of proteins for family poultry farming, after treatments to remove toxic and anti-nutritional compounds. The ingestion and the growth performance of J. curcas kernel meal (JKM), obtained after partial physico-chemical de-oiling combined or not with heating was evaluated in broiler chickens and chicks. Sixty unsexed broiler chickens, 30 day-old, divided into three groups as well as twenty broiler chicks, 1 day-old, divided into two groups were used in two experiments. In experiment 1, jatropha kernel was de-oiled and incorporated into a control fattening feed at 40 and 80g/kg (diets 4JKM1 and 8JM1). In experiment 2, jatropha kernel meal obtained in experiment 1 was heat treated and incorporated into a growing diet at 80g/kg (diet 8JKM2). Daily dietary intakes as well as weight gain of the animals were affected by the incorporation of jatropha kernel meal in the ration. In experiment 1, average daily feed intake (ADFI1) of 139.2, 55.2 and 23.4g/day/animal and also average daily weight gain (ADWG1) of 61.9, 18.5 and -7.7g/animal were obtained respectively for the groups fed with diets 0JKM1, 4JKM1 and 8JKM1. In experiment 2, Average daily feed intake (ADFI2) of 18.7 and 3.1g/day/animal and also average daily weight gain (ADWG2) of 7.1 and 1.9g/animal were obtained respectively for the groups fed with diets 0JKM2 and 8JKM2. In both experiment, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was also affected by the dietary treatments and the overall mortality rate showed an increase according to levels of jatropha kernel meal in diet.

Foreign-body ingestion is a common cause of admission to the Division of Gastroenterology. However foreign-body lodged in the ileocecal region is very rare. This study aims to report the exceptional case of a patient with a foreign body lodged in the ileocecal region revealed by sub-occlusive syndromes. The study involved a patient aged 22 years with no particular past medical history, presenting with König's syndrome evolving in a context of alteration of the general state. Anatomopathological examination of surgical ileocecal specimen performed after inconclusive endoscopy, histologic examination of the biopsies and scannography, showed ileocecal thickening due to infammatory response to a foreign body. In the absence of anamnestic data, ileocecal foreign body poses a real problem of differential diagnosis including inflammatory, infectious and tumoral diseases of the ileocecal junction. The presence of a foreign body may be revealed by occlusive complications or perforations, hence the essential role of imaging. Endoscopy always plays a central diagnostic and therapeutic role in the management of ingested foreign bodies, thus reducing surgical morbidity (although it is sometimes unavoidable). Anatomopathological study shows foreign body granuloma. Cases of foreign body lodged in the ileocecal region have been rarely reported. Now they should be suspected in patients with any symptom, including ileocecal junction disorders, in order to avoid side effects and complications due to heavy treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

œso-tracheal fistulas are a pathological condition characterized by an abnormal communication between the tracheal tree and the esophagus. We here report a clinical case of œso-tracheal fistula due to the ingestion of a foreign body in order to highlight its etiopathogenesis, to evaluate our therapeutic approach and to do a literature review. The study involved a 15 year old patient admitted with dysphagia evolving over the last two months following the ingestion of a foreign body (a piece of bone). œsophagoscopy under general anesthesia allowed extraction of the foreign body. Post-operative EGD transit objectified fistular orifice at the C7 level. The absence of fistular orifice was recorded 30 days after endoscopy during his follow-up EGD transit. Medical treatment is a therapeutic alternative for oeso-tracheal fistula and must be based on well-defined criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study on the use of cowpea by-products processed into food corks was conducted to assess the ingestibility and weight performance of sheep in digestibility cages. There were twelve (12) 12-to-15-month-old Oudah rams weighing 27.72 ± 3.12 kg. These animals were divided into four lots of three (3) animals each. Lot 1 receives 56% of cowpea vines and 44% of wheat bran; the ration for lot 2 is composed of 31% bush hay, 42% cowpea haul and 27% cotton cake; batch 3 contains 29% bush hay, 42% cowpea pod, and 29% wheat bran and the batch 4 diet consists of 31% bush hay, 42% cowpea pods and pods and 27% of wheat bran. The animals ingested 92 ± 14.81; 93.5 ± 6.62; 103.1 ± 7.17 and 94.7 ± 5.94 g / day / kgP0.75 respectively for lot 1, 2, 3 and 4.Average daily earnings ranging from 97.40 ± 28.73; 127.27 ± 71.94; 102.59 ± 61.24 to 106.06 ± 41.48 g / animal / d respectively for lot 1, 2, 3 and 4 were recorded. The ingestibility is 98% for the plugs of tops and pods and 99% for the plugs of tops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Cet article* présente les résultats d'une étude de priorisation des risques sanitaires combinant des concentrations de contaminants de l'environnement intérieur et des critères d'effet. L'étude utilise : (i) les données de concentrations de polluants de poussières issues d'une large revue de littérature ; (ii) une évaluation de l'exposition pour estimer les doses d'exposition pour les voies d'exposition cutanée et d'ingestion ; (iii) les critères d'effet de la base de données Toxcast. This article* presents the results of a health risk prioritization study combining indoor air concentrations of contaminants and effect criteria. The study uses: (i) data on dust pollutant concentrations from an extensive literature review; (ii) an exposure assessment to estimate the doses of exposure through skin and ingestion; (iii) the endpoints from the Toxcast database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of a Complementation Nitrogenized on the Pathology of Animal Trypanosomiasis at the Sahelian Sheeps. La méthode thermique pour la détermination de flux de sève et la chambre à pression pour mesurer les potentiels hydriques foliaire et xylémique, ont été utilisées chez l'olivier de table Olea europaea cv Meski pour estimer la conductance hydraulique et la participation élémentaire des 4 branches selon l'orientation et l'exposition aux radiations solaires. Les mesures ont été effectuées du 23-10-2004 au 30-11-2004 dans un verger d'olivier de table et principalement sur deux arbres de la variété la plus commercialisée Meski. Cette étude a permis l'estimation de la conductance globale de la plante ainsi que la contribution de chaque génératrice. Les taux des conductances hydrauliques partielles sont respectivement de 43, 24, 20 et 13% dans les branches est, nord, sud et ouest. Elle a montré l'importance de l'interception lumineuse dans le déterminisme des flux de sève et des potentiels hydriques foliaires dans chaque branche, et par conséquent la liaison avec le mode de taille et la densité de plantation à préconiser.

Résumé L’ingestion de corps étranger est rare à la période néonatale, alors qu’elle reste fréquente chez les autres tranches d’âge pédiatrique. Notre objectif est de souligner l’existence de l’ingestion de corps étranger chez le nouveau-né et l’intérêt de la surveillance de tout nouveau-né pour éviter la production d’un tel incident. Nous rapportons l’observation d’un nouveau-né de 20 jours de sexe féminin, admis au service dans un tableau de gêne respiratoire, une hypersialorrhée manifeste et refus des tétés. L’examen clinique à l’admission, le nouveau-né était eutrophique, stable sur le plan hémodynamique. L’auscultation pleuro-pulmonaire était sans anomalie. La gorge était propre sans visualisation de corps étranger avec hypersalivation. L’examen de l’abdomen était sans particularité. La radiographie standard thoraco-abdominale de face n’a pas montré le corps étranger alors que le cliché de profil l’a objectivé au niveau de la région pré-lombaire. La surveillance horaire des selles a permis de retrouver une petite bague d’or dans celles-ci antérieurement portée par le nouveau-né dans son doigt. Nous insistons sur la prévention qui passe par l’éducation des parents qui devraient être informés du risque encouru par ce genre d’accident. Summary Ingestion of foreign body is rare in the neonatal period, while it remains common in other pediatric age groups. Our goal is to highlight the existence of foreign body ingestion in the newborn and the interest of monitoring every newborn to prevent the production of such an incident. We report the case of a female newborn of 20 days, admitted to the service in an array of respiratory difficulties, drooling and a clear rejection of titties. Physical examination at admission, the newborn was eutrophic, stable hemodynamically. The pleuropulmonary auscultation was without anomaly. The gorge was clean without viewing foreign body with hypersalivation. The abdominal examination was unremarkable. The thoraco-abdominal radiograph showed no foreign body while the lateral view was objectified at the pre-lumbar region. The time monitoring stool helped find a small gold ring in these previously worn by the newborn in her finger. We emphasize prevention through education of parents who should be informed of the risk to this type of accident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La conversion microbienne des fibres alimentaires dans l'intestin conduit à la formation d'acides gras à chaîne courte (AGCC) qui suscitent un intérêt de plus en plus marqué du fait de leurs effets bénéfiques sur la santé. Le but de cette étude était de suivre chez des sujets sains le devenir métabolique d'une fibre marquée au carbone 13, via la cinétique de production d'AGCC marqués à la fois dans le plasma et les selles. Six femmes (29,7 ± 1,7 ans, IMC 23,2 ± 0,9 kg/m2, consommation de fibres : 23 ± 1 g/j) ont consommé un petit-déjeuner standardisé, huit biscuits au son de blé enrichi en 13C (50 g de son de blé marqué, 3At %13C, 15 g de fibres). Le 13C-son de blé a été obtenu à partir de blé cultivé sous atmosphère enrichie en 13CO 2. Des échantillons ont été collectés pendant 24 h (plasma) et 72 h (4 selles) post-ingestion afin de mesurer les concentrations en AGCC et 13C-AGCC par chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à un spectromètre de masse isotopique. Les profils d'excrétion des gaz H 2 et CH 4 expirés liés à la fermentation ont également été mesurés. Les enrichissements et concentrations étaient suffisants pour évaluer les cinétiques des acides acétique, propionique, isobutyrique, butyrique, valérique et isovalérique dans le plasma et les selles. Chez tous les sujets, l'augmentation de la concentration des 13C-AGCC plasmatiques est précoce (60–120 min). Deux profils d'apparition ont été observés. Les acides isovalérique et isobutyrique, augmentent rapidement avec un retour aux valeurs basales dès T520 (T60-520 = 71–76 % de l'aire sous la courbe [AUC]). Les AGCC linéaires ont une cinétique d'apparition, moins intense et plus continue. Le retour au basal n'est pas observé à T1440 (AUC T60-T520 = 40 à 57 %). Selon que les sujets soient forts ou faibles producteurs de CH 4 , on peut noter une différence de concentration cumulée sur la période T60-520 pour l'acide propionique marqué (0,7 ± 0,2 vs 0,4 ± 0,1 μmol.h/L). Pour chaque sujet, la cinétique d'apparition des 13C-AGCC fécaux est semblable quel que soit l'AGCC. Une grande variabilité inter-individuelle est cependant observée, liée au temps de transit intestinal variable. Les faibles producteurs de CH 4 montrent des pertes fécales en 13C-AGCC plus précoces avec un maximum atteint en moyenne 48 h post-ingestion versus plus de 72 h dans l'autre groupe. Cette étude pilote démontre la faisabilité de la mesure des AGCC dans le plasma et les selles produits par la fermentation de fibres suite à la consommation de 13C-son de blé. Ces résultats permettent d'identifier différents profils de sécrétion d'AGCC, qui pourront être mis en relation avec les autres paramètres de fermentation ou de composition du microbiote en cours d'analyse. L'utilisation de 13C-fibres et le suivi de leur devenir métabolique grâce à la spectrométrie de masse est donc un outil intéressant pour explorer les profils de fermentation ou encore pour caractériser des profils d'AGCC selon le type de fibre ingérée. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to examine the influence of Ramadan fast on appetite sensations, nutritional intakes and body weight in Malians with type 2 diabetes. Appetite sensations were assessed before Ramadan and then at the second, ninth, and sixteenth days of Ramadan (period). A total of 24 subjects recorded their appetite sensations every 2 h between 0800 and 2200 h using visual analogue scales. Daily energy intakes were estimated by a 48-h food recall (before and during Ramadan). Results showed a significant sex effect for desire to eat ( p < 0.04) and a significant period effect for desire to eat and fullness ( p < 0.01). Significant sex by period interactions were observed for fullness ( p < 0.001), desire to eat ( p < 0.01), and prospective food consumption ( p < 0.03). Moreover, significant sex by period by time interactions were found for all appetite sensations ( p < 0.007). Interaction effects were mainly explained by sex differences in appetite sensations before rather than during Ramadan. Although a significant body weight loss was observed in men and a significant decrease in waist circumference was found in women ( p < 0.05), no significant changes in reported average daily energy intakes were observed in either men or women. According to these preliminary results, Ramadan fasting has an impact on appetite sensations that is probably not the same in men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Environ 143 000 français souffraient, en 2005, de maladie de Parkinson (MP). Les principaux problèmes nutritionnels rencontrés lors de la MP sont la dénutrition, l’adaptation alimentaire des apports protéiques et l’excès de poids après chirurgie d’électrostimulation cérébrale. La dénutrition est multifactorielle, liée à la maladie et aux traitements. Le handicap, les troubles psychologiques, les troubles de la déglutition, du goût et de l’odorat participent à l’insuffisance des apports alimentaires, de même que les troubles digestifs (gastroparésie et constipation). Les traitements de ces symptômes sont aspécifiques. Les dépenses énergétiques sont majorées par les troubles du tonus et les mouvements anormaux, avec des variations en fonction de la réponse des patients aux traitements. L’Indice de Masse Corporelle (IMC), la variation de poids et le Mini Nutritional Assessment® (MNA) sont les outils les plus souvent retenus. La dénutrition touche jusqu’à un patient sur quatre, et doit donc être dépistée et traitée. La prise en charge est sans particularité, sauf pour l’adaptation des apports protéiques. En effet, il existe une compétition au niveau digestif et de la barrière hématoméningée entre la lévodopa et certains acides aminés. En cas de mauvaise efficacité des traitements ou d’aggravation de la maladie, il est recommandé de donner les protéines lors du repas du soir, de donner la lévodopa 20 à 30minutes avant les repas, et devant des troubles neurologiques sévères de baisser les apports protéiques quotidiens. L’électrostimulation cérébrale profonde s’accompagne d’une prise de poids rapide, qui peut se compliquer d’une dyslipidémie ou d’un diabète. L’obésité peut majorer le handicap. La prise en charge à ce stade n’est pas spécifique. Les troubles de la déglutition sont la principale cause de mortalité. La mise en place d’une gastrostomie ne doit donc pas être trop tardive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Contexte: La bronchiolite est une maladie généralement bénigne, mais qui peut être sévère quand elle induit une hypoxie qui n’est pas toujours d’appréciation clinique facile. Le but de ce travail est d’étudier la valeur et la pertinence d’un signe clinique : le pourcentage de la prise alimentaire des dernières 24h par rapport à la quantité habituellement ingérée (Alim 24h), de déterminer une valeur pertinente de ce pourcentage pour détecter l’hypoxie et de comparer ce signe aux autres signes cliniques habituels. Méthodes: Dans cette étude observationnelle, prospective, multicentrique, 171 nourrissons de zéro à six mois présentant une bronchiolite (rhinorrhée+toux+dyspnée expiratoire bruyante) ont été inclus par 18 pédiatres de pratique libérale. Ont été exclus les enfants avec facteurs de risque (ancien prématuré, maladie chronique cardiaque ou pulmonaire), les enfants nourris au sein, les enfants ayant reçu un traitement à visée bronchique. La quantité de lait bue au biberon, la nourriture prise à la petite cuillère durant les dernières 24h étaient additionnées et comparées à l’alimentation habituelle. Il était recherché un tirage sous-costal, intercostal, sus costal, des battements des ailes du nez, une cyanose, des pauses respiratoires, une polypnée, une fièvre et la présence du virus respiratoire syncytial. La saturation transcutanée en oxygène (SpO2) était mesurée en tenant compte de la valeur stable la plus élevée. Le seuil de l’hypoxie est fixé à 95 %. Tout résultat inférieur à 95 % était contrôlé. Résultats: Si Alim 24h est supérieur ou égal à 50 %, la probabilité que SpO2 soit supérieure ou égale à 95 % était de 96 % [IC 95 %, 91–99 %]. En analyse univariée, Alim 24h inférieur à 50 % avait l’odds ratio le plus élevé (13,8) pour dépister SpO2 inférieure à 95 % par rapport aux autres valeurs d’Alim 24h et aux autres signes cliniques, un des meilleurs compromis (spécificité élevée 90 % – sensibilité moyenne 60 %) pour discriminer les enfants à risque d’hypoxie. En analyse multivariée après ajustement sur l’âge, la SpO2 était inférieure à 95 % était liée à la présence d’un tirage intercostal (OR=9,1 [IC 95 %, 2,4–33,8 %]) et Alim 24h était inférieur à 50 % (OR=10,9 [IC 95 %, 3,0–39,1 %]). La décision d’hospitaliser 17 enfants était fortement liée à l’âge (OR=14,7 [IC 95 %, 3,1–69,8 %]), à Alim 24h (OR=10,6 [IC 95 %, 3,0–37,3 %]) et à la présence d’un tirage intercostal (OR=3,4 [IC 95 %, 1,0–11,4 %]). Conclusion: En pratique, Alim 24h est un signe simple, facile à évaluer, à mémoriser et à utiliser par les parents, pertinent pour un dépistage ou un suivi à distance. S’il est supérieur ou égal à 50 %, le risque d’hypoxie chez un nourrisson non prématuré et en bonne santé auparavant, est très faible. S’il est inférieur à 50 %, la consultation médicale est nécessaire pour une évaluation plus complète. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Les aliments industriels destinés aux nourrissons (4–12 mois) et enfants en bas âge (1–3ans) (en dehors des laits infantiles et des céréales), dénommés aussi aliments pour bébés, se distinguent des aliments industriels non spécifiques conçus pour les adultes et des aliments courants par des critères stricts de composition et de sécurité sanitaire définis par la réglementation française et européenne. Évaluée en France à 89 666 tonnes en 2011 l’offre commerciale pour ces denrées vise à répondre à tous les besoins alimentaires des jeunes enfants : produits laitiers, denrées salées et sucrées, adaptés à l’âge (composition, texture, portions). Les aliments pour bébés ne représentent qu’une part modérée des apports alimentaires des 4–36 mois. Exprimés en pourcentage de l’apport énergétique total, ils constituent en moyenne 7 % de la consommation à 4–5 mois, 28 % à 6–7 mois, 27 % à 8–11 mois, 17 % à 12–17 mois, 11 % à 18–24 mois. Vingt-quatre pour cent des parents n’en donnent jamais à leur enfant, 13 % 1 à 3j/semaine et 63 % 4 à 7j/semaine. Même chez les gros consommateurs, les aliments pour bébés ont peu d’effets sur la qualité nutritionnelle du régime. Cependant, leur emploi retarde et diminue l’utilisation des aliments industriels non spécifiques, ce qui peut contribuer à réduire les risques nutritionnels et toxicologiques liés à la consommation de ces denrées chez les jeunes enfants. Si ces produits sont bien adaptés aux nourrissons et enfants en bas âge, ils doivent rester des aliments de sevrage et de complément à l’alimentation familiale ű faite maison Ƈ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue de Stomatologie & de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale is the property of Masson SPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal Africain D'Hépato-Gastroentérologie is the property of Lavoisier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: The ingestion of a foreign body (FB) is one of the most frequent childhood accidents requiring urgent care depending on the type and localization. Coins are the most frequent, and disk battery ingestion can lead to a significant risk of complications. FB stagnation in the esophagus entails a major risk of perforation. This article reports a retrospective study of 105 cases of foreign body ingestion admitted to the pediatric gastroenterology unit between November 2002 and June 2010. The average age of these patients was 4 years with a 1.5 sex ratio. Ten patients were followed for esophagus stenosis; the others had no considerable pathological histories. The fibroscopy performed on 104 patients allowed us to visualize the foreign body in 96 cases (91.4%). In the 8 remaining cases, the FB was not found (it had already migrated in the digestive tract). Coins were the most frequent (64.7%). Endoscopic extraction removed 83 FBs (86.4%). In 11 cases, it was pushed towards the stomach, split up in 1 case, and surgery was necessary in only 1 case. The progress of child digestive fibroscopy has decreased both the morbidity related to the ingestion of foreign bodies and the use of surgery. Prevention should be based on educating the parents by informing them about the risk of this kind of accident. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Caustic ingestion is a frequent accident in children that the major problem is the oesophageal strictures. The aim of this study was to present our patients with corrosive ingestion retrospectively. The authors considered all children admitted after corrosive ingestion, from January 2005 to December 2008. Eighteen of 24 patients were males and the most aged from 1 to 3 years. The most common corrosive agent was the hydrochloric acid (11 cases); the second was the bleaching water (eight cases). The initial symptomatology was the vomiting in eight cases, dysphagia in six cases, thoracic pain in five cases, hematemesis in two cases. Three of the five cases in stage II are progressed at the strictures injury. All the stricture injuries are treated by dilatation, endoscopic in three cases, except for one previous case for oesophagoplasty. The best management of pediatric caustic ingestion was the prevention that concerns both the industrials and the parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Food consumption in young children is guided by their food preferences, which are partly determined by their attraction to the different tastes (sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami tastes). Early food experiences might modulate this attraction. Yet, no study has previously described the tastes of infant foods during the first year of life. This is the objective of the present study. The diet of 76 infants was recorded by their parents 1 week per month during the first year of life. This record provided an inventory of 2902 foods a priori different from a sensory point of view. The taste intensity of these foods was estimated. For each infant, each month, and each taste, a variable of exposure to the taste was calculated. Foods consumed by infants from 1 to 12 months of age generally had low or relatively moderate taste intensity. During the milk-feeding period, infants were mainly exposed to sweet taste; this exposure increased during the first year. Beginning with weaning, the exposure to sour taste rose sharply without becoming as high as the exposure to sweet taste, the exposures to salty and umami tastes rose modestly, and the exposure to bitter taste rose slightly, then stagnated. Consequently, the proportion of bitter taste was reduced to approximately half the other tastes between the age of 7 and 12 months. Taking these observations into account would be helpful in establishing feeding recommendations for the pediatric population. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: The WHO curves published in 2006 reflect the exact growth of infants who are exclusively breast-fed for at least 4 months. These curves are universal but not widely used in France. At 2–3 months, they have a much higher level than the curves of the Personal Child Health Record. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether the choice of the type of curve influenced the interpretation of infant growth and the advice given, and whether WHO curves could be used for all infants. Initially, 22 physicians retrospectively interpreted the WHO and Personal Child Health Record weight gain curves of 20 infants who were exclusively breast-fed. All of the curves were interpreted twice. In a second step, we drew the WHO curves from 0 to 3 months for the 151 infants monitored by the consultation. At 2 months, there is a very clear discordance in the interpretations of the French and WHO curves (weighted κappa=−0.26 CI 95% [−0.62; 0.18]), contrasting with the satisfactory concordance of the WHO interpretations (weighted κappa=0.71 CI 95% [0.25; 0.89]) and Personal Child Health Record (weighted κappa=0.58 CI 95% [0.09; 0.81]) curves. By overestimating the weight gain during the first weeks, in one-third of the infants use of the French curves leads to either inappropriate suggestions of restrictions or their insufficient weight not being taken into account. Moreover, the weight gain at 2–3 months for 151 infants of all categories is within the limits of the WHO curves, without going below the percentile lines for the non-breast-fed infants, except premature babies. Broader use of the WHO curves could be proposed in order to optimize the care of infants, regardless of how they are fed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Revue d'Etudes en Agriculture et Environnement is the property of Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: Introduction: Several studies have shown a negative relation between body mass index (BMI) and daily calcium intake (DCI) in adolescents. In parallel, it is well known that physical activity (PA) has a protective role against obesity at this age. The aim of this study was to investigate the relations between DCI, on the one hand and BMI and PA, on the other hand in Lebanese adolescents. Methods and results: Four hundred and seventy-nine Lebanese adolescents (175 boys and 304 girls) aged 13 to 18 years participated in this study. DCI was calculated using a validated questionnaire. In parallel, the adolescents completed PA and lifestyle questionnaires. DCI was positively related to PA (expressed by Met-Score) in both boys and girls (r =0.17; p <0.05 and r =0.17; p <0.01 respectively). DCI was negatively related to BMI in boys (r =−0.19; p <0.05) but not in girls. Conclusion: In this population, DCI is positively related to PA in both sexes. However, DCI is negatively correlated to BMI in boys. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to examine hydration profile, food intake, rating of perceived exertion, heart rate values and salivary cortisol concentrations, among 10 young female national tennis players during a national event. Patients and methods: Saliva was collected on six occasions including a resting day. Body-mass change and urine specific gravity (USG) were used as indices of hydration state. Energy intake was evaluated using a 3-day food record questionnaire including the day of match. Results: The female players had pretraining USG values greater than 1.020g/ml. They incurred a body mass deficit of 2.5 %, consuming 63 % of total fluid loss. Cortisol concentrations measured on the day of the match in the morning were significantly higher than those noted in the resting values. There was a progressive increase in the cortisol concentrations on the day of the competition; the concentrations noted 10minutes after the end of the match being the highest. Energy intake was about 25 % lower than the French recommendations. Low carbohydrates and high fat intakes, inadequate intake of some micronutrients indicated suboptimal dietary habits. In conclusion, tennis match induces both physical and mental stress. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Sarcopenia is defined as the loss of muscle mass and function during ageing. Despite its important metabolic and functional consequences, the underlying mechanisms of sarcopenia are poorly understood. A blunted anabolic response to food intake together with a reduction in the peripheral availability of amino acid associated with a greater use by the splanchnic bed likely participate in this phenomenon. In this context, ornithine α-ketoglutarate (OKG), which stimulates the secretion of insulin and growth hormone and the production of amino acids with anabolic function and/or low splanchnic extraction could improve the mechanical and metabolic capacities of muscle in older individuals. If so, the ultimate goal of such treatment should be to improve muscle contractile function and limit the loss of mobility in the elderly. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Malnutrition is frequent in elderly patients and results from multifactorial mechanisms, including age-related metabolic alterations, reduction of food intake and intercurrent diseases, especially inflammatory processes, that compromise nutritional status. Nutritional evaluation must be systematically and repeatedly performed and based primarily on clinical parameters such as weight, body mass index, weight loss, anthropometric measurements and dietetic history eventually combined in scores such as the mini-nutritional assessment (MNA). Fat-free mass evaluated by bioimpedance analysis has a prognostic value. Hypoalbuminemia is indicative of bad prognosis and may be combined with weight loss in the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) to assess the nutritional risk. The determination of plasma transthyretin (prealbumin) is especially useful to assess acute malnutrition state and the response to nutritional support. Routine determination of the above criteria may be facilitated by the spreading of simple integrated tools and a better education of health professionals to the screening and active treatment of malnutrition in the elderly. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A relative reduction in food intake in older versus younger individuals is commonly present in the general population and is often referred to as anorexia of aging. In most cases, anorexia of aging represents a normal physiological phenomenon, but sometimes it may underlie vulnerability for the frailty syndrome and increased mortality. However, the mechanisms responsible for anorexia of aging are not completely understood. In this review, we focused on the biological mechanisms which may trigger development in older subjects and experimental animals a resistance to anabolic and orexigenic peptide messengers including neuropeptide Y, ghrelin and growth hormone. The putative role of the aging gut, microbial intestinal contamination and the immune system are also discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Aims: Sarcopenia, a reduction in muscle mass, is intimately linked to ageing, but as well to a deficient-protein intake and a reduced physical-activity level. This implies frailty, motor instability, limited-physical performance, more dependence towards other people and more medical-care costs. Current knowledge: Several metabolic dysfunctions are related to a reduction of muscle mass. Primarily, it seems that protein synthesis is reduced while proteolysis is increased. Muscle-protein synthesis depends on adequate amino acids intake, but also to the action of several signals inducing the activation of new protein molecules; anabolic hormones, neuronal impulses, muscle-membrane signals. Protein degradation is linked to the activation of signal cascades induced by excess calcium and reactive-oxygen species: capsases and ubiquitin systems mainly. Prospects: Regular physical training involving strength exercise attenuates the muscle-mass reduction by enhancing protein synthesis, particularly during the early phase of recovery with essential amino-acids supply, enriched with leucine. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Nausea-vomiting, taste and olfactory disorders and mucositis induced by cancer treatment have a significant impact on a patient’s everyday life. It has been shown that these secondary effects are influenced by several risk factors including both treatment and patient characteristics. Impairment of daily life, particularly in oral food intake, is associated with a large spectrum of chemosensory dysfunctions that impact on patient quality of life. To date, it is well established that these symptoms are often underestimated and that their nutritional and psychosocial impacts are not yet sufficiently evaluated. Better knowledge of these chemotherapy-induced side effects and their related chemosensory dysfunction is warranted in order to provide evidence-based clinical preventive and therapeutic guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Ingestion of foreign bodies is a common pediatric problem. The majority of ingested foreign bodies pass spontaneously. Management of foreign body ingestions varies based upon the object ingested, its location, and the patient''s age and past history. Esophageal foreign bodies should be urgently removed because of their potential to cause complications. Ingested batteries that lodge in the esophagus, sharp or pointed foreign bodies in the esophageal or gastric tract, and ingestion of multiple magnets all require urgent endoscopic removal. Flexible endoscopy is the therapeutic modality of choice for most patients. The use of devices such as a latex protector hood or an overtube may facilitate safer extraction of sharp objects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Eight children, aged from 3 to 9 years, presented to inhaled peanut an immediate allergic reaction. All were sensitized to peanut but none had already ingested it overtly. A strict avoidance diet was prescribed concerning this food allergen. An oral provocation challenge was realized to determine the eliciting dose (ED) to ingestion. The ED was high enough to allow all the children a less restrictive diet. Inhaled allergic reaction to peanut does not always justify a strict avoidance diet. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective: To contribute to the prevention and the reduction of the incidence of hypertension in our society, this article examined the food intake and the status of two antioxidant micronutrients (zinc and vitamin C) for some Cameroonian patients who suffer from hypertension. Methods: To realise this study, a survey of consumption and anthropometric measurement was carried out on 90 subjects (60 subjects who suffer from hypertension and 30 controls) were recruited for the study at the Yaounde University Hospital Centre. Zinc and vitamin C level were determined in the serum collected from fasting blot. Results: The body mass index was significantly high in the hypertensive patients (P <0.05). The consumption of fruits and vegetables increased vitamin C serum level (P <0.05). Hypertension and its adverse complications significantly reduced serum vitamin C (P <0.05). The serum level of zinc was significantly low in hypertensive subjects (P <0.05). Conclusions: These preliminary results reveals that hypertension reduces the serum levels of zinc and vitamin C. The consumption of fruits and vegetables increase Vitamin C serum level. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Purpose: No data is available about: 1) the adherence of corticosteroid-treated patients to dietary advice provided by physicians; 2) the relationship between food intake and the corticosteroid-induced lipodystrophy (CIL). Methods: We conducted a cohort study in 2 French tertiary centers between June 2003 and May 2005 and enrolled all consecutive patients starting long-term systemic corticosteroid therapy. They received individual dietary advice from a qualified dietetician and were asked to record on a standardized questionnaire everything they ate during one week of the first and third months of treatment, including details of each meal. Each questionnaire was analysed by two qualified dieteticians for daily calorie, carbohydrate, fat, protein and sodium intake. Moreover, 3 investigators assessed the development of CIL from standardized patients'' photographs. The relationship between food intake and CIL was investigated by a multiple logistic regression model. Results: Eighty-eight patients were included and 80 were monitored until at least month 3 (women: 76%, mean age: 59.1±18.7 years). Most patients (65%) had giant-cell arteritis or connective tissue disease. The mean initial dosage of prednisone was 54±17 mg/day and the mean M3 dosage was 31±15 mg/day. Most patients were adherent to dietary advice during the first 3 months of therapy except for protidic ration which was below expected value. Sodium restriction was more strictly followed by women than by men. Multivariate analysis showed independent relationship between CIL and higher calorie intake (>30 kcal/kg/day). No relationship was evidenced between carbohydrate, protein, fat or sodium intake and the risk of CIL. Conclusion: During the first 3 months of therapy, corticosteroid-treated patients are adherent to dietary advice. A calorie-controlled alimentation could be beneficial to limit the risk of CIL. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Revue Francophone des Laboratoires is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)