Search

Objectives: The objective was to evaluate mental disorders and addictive behaviours in gold miners treated in the psychiatry department of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital in Burkina Faso. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, and analytical study with retrospective recruitment of 174 patients over a 10-year period from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2020. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software. Results: The study population was exclusively male and predominantly young, with a mean age of 28.16 +/- 5.79 years. Most patients were single (59.8%) and had a low level of education (58.82%). Acute psychotic disorders (48.85%) and the mental and behavioral disorders related to the use of psychoactive substances (41.38%) were the most common. 78.73% of patients were users of psychoactive substances (PAS). The most used psychoactive substances were tobacco (75.28%), cannabis (62.64%), alcohol (48.27%) and tramadol (32.18%). Conclusion: The occurrence of mental disorders among gold miners has become a real public health problem in Burkina Faso, given the growing number of gold mining sites throughout the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective The psychiatric concept of mental illness disseminated the association between psychological suffering and dangerousness in the West and in countries like Brazil, influenced by Western culture. This article aims to understand how dangerousness is constructed as an identity trait of users accessing substitute services, specifically Psychosocial Care Centers and Therapeutic Residences. It is based on accounts from the population residing near these services in the municipalities of João Pessoa and Campina Grande (Paraíba/Brazil). Method The qualitative methodology of Oral History was employed, and 106 oral testimonies were collected from adult individuals and subjected to Discourse Analysis according to the perspective adopted by Discursive Psychology. Results Identity attributes such as aggressiveness, irrationality and several others with similar meaning were used with varying degrees of subtlety to describe users. Conclusion Despite the differences, the testimonies were employed to link the users with dangerousness and render them unfit for social life.

The article is devoted to the study of writing disorders and the diagnosis of the unusual state of the writer caused by mental disorders. The authors found that modern forensic sources pay little attention to this aspect of the problem being highlighted. However, the scientific approach to its solution largely depends on a comprehensive analysis of mental disorders, which should be established by the methodology of forensic handwriting. It was determined that writing is a complex mental activity of a person, which includes both cognitive, speech, motor, and emotional processes. Differentiating the states of the executor of the manuscript by handwriting is a difficult task, especially in connection with some similarity of the reflection in the manuscripts directly of the reasons that change the skill of writing, for example, such as alcohol intoxication, a state of great excitement, stress, etc. It was stated that the objects of handwriting expertise are handwritten texts, short notes, signatures, and even digital markings. Depending on the specific circumstances of the case under consideration by the forensic handwriting examination, the fact of the writing of the text by a specific person can be established or refuted, the methods of execution of certain manuscripts, the state of a particular person at the time of execution of the manuscript are established. The range of tasks of forensic expertise regarding the writing of persons who are in a psychopathological state are similar, but largely different, to the medical diagnostic tasks of establishing mental disorders of a person listed in the international classification of diseases. It is indicated that it is appropriate to refer to the information of psychiatry in order to understand the general characteristics of the psychopathological state of a person, to form a clear idea about its varieties and their characteristic signs - symptoms and syndromes. The article examines the development and current state of research on writing disorders in mental disorders, reveals the psychophysiological foundations of the writing mechanism and its psychological features. Examples of expert research practice and experimental-psychological research of writing disorders in patients with various mental disorders are also given.

Abstract Objective To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety among hospital healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the extreme south of Brazil. Method Cross-sectional study was conducted with 264 healthcare workers, between August and December 2020. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Scale. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed. Results The prevalence of depression and anxiety among healthcare workers was 32.4% and 26.2%, respectively. The profession of nursing technician, having a family member who had lost a job, being responsible for family income, being 50 or more years old, being divorced or widowed, having a test for COVID-19, having suffered a traumatic event in life and having received psychological counseling at work were associated with depression and anxiety. Conclusion In this study, receiving psychological counseling at work was a protective factor for anxiety and depression.

An alarming situation Although climate change is a natural element, it does not pass without impacting man in all his dimensions, man being part of the ecosystem. Food is becoming increasingly unhealthy according to FAO, which calls for sustainable diets that respect biodiversity, thus making it possible to optimize natural resources. (FAO, Biodiversity and sustainable diets, 2010) Socially, increasingly desertic, the climate contributes to leaving the land to go to the city. However, another much more subtle dimension of man is affected: the psychological one. Research areas Psychology shows the adverse effects of climate change on human behavior in terms of increased tendency towards violence, anxiety and depression. The International Journal of Environmental Research notes that: "people affected by disasters of natural origin (major floods, tornadoes) [...] are exposed to significant stress that can cause psychological distress (art. Public Health, 2019). According to the American Psychology Association, therapists say that the people in consultation are mostly young people and people linked to ecology. Thus, as an approach for a clearer vision, a questionnaire will be launched among Lebanese farmers on the effects of climate change on their production in terms of quantity and quality, and on their psychological health. For its part, the literature is busy creating new terms to describe the psychological discomfort associated with ecology. At the same time, it attempts to raise awareness among readers, whatever their fields of study, about this serious problem. Words like eco-anxiety, ecological mourning, solastagia or climate anxiety appear putting us face to face with a new origin of mental illness according to the COP26 or Glasgow Conference of 2021. (Article, September 7, 2023) Moreover, for a long time, literature is involved: Annie Ernaux in La place and François Bon in Daewoo express their anxiety at seeing their village transform. The article will try to focus particularly on the uneasiness expressed by Marguerite Yourcenar in Souvenirs pieux (1974) seeing the world changing through industrial growth. (An early awareness to compare with the current situation) Problems and questions Would this contribution sound the alarm to ministries of the environment and political decision-makers for greater awareness of the seriousness of the problem, to contemporary literature to fulfill its beacon function, and to psychology to innovate intervention techniques as part of an adapted therapy? Furthermore, what could we each do in our place to face this problem? Wouldn't it be wiser to combine efforts instead of waiting for disaster to approach? Could we, in conclusion, revalorize the virtues of Stoic philosophy inviting the world for two millennia to respect mother-nature, a simple condition for the harmonious development of man. The golden word remains: be more responsible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sante Mentale au Quebec is the property of Revue Sante Mentale au Quebec and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Educational resilience is a complex subject, insufficiently addressed. The concept of educational resilience refers to the student's ability to overcome stressful events in an optimal way. We often observe how students with very good academic results end up developing depressive or anxious states as a result of a stressful event or as a result of a situation with a high degree of difficulty. Our study aims to highlight the following aspects: the frequency of difficult situations faced by first year students from the University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova and the University of Craiova, the degree of resilience approached in terms of time needed to overcome a stressful event, students' ability to recover, the level of stress perceived by students during the exam session, the possibility of the idea of interrupting studies, the degree of motivation for the chosen field of study, the availability of students to participate to a course of emotion management in stressful periods. The study was conducted using a questionnaire covering 15 questions with a simple complement on a sample of 89 students. We believe that the results obtained from this study will contribute significantly to the awareness of the importance of the phenomenon of educational resilience. The causes that often lead to academic failure or dropping out of school are directly proportional to the student's degree of resilience.

Introduction: mental disorders are a very common health condition and a major public health issue. The purpose of this study was to examine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients coming for consultation to the psychiatric department of the Regional Hospital of Gabes, and to identify risk factors for the main mental disorders. Methods: we conducted a retrospective study, including all patients consulting the psychiatry department of Gabes for the first time between 01/01/2010 and 31/12/2013. Diagnoses were classified according to the 10th reversion of the WHO International Classification of Diseases (ICD10). Results: one thousand one hundred and one consultation cases were included in this study. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.96. The average age of patients was 34 years (IQR=24-47.5 years), the median time between symptom onset and consultation to the psychiatric department was 1 year (IQR=3months-2 years). The three most common diagnosed were depressive disorders (21%), followed by schizophrenia (10.6%) and mental retardation (9.7%). Depressive disorders were significantly more common among female patients (p<0.001), married patients (p<0.001) and middle-aged adults (40-65 years) (p<0.001). The prevalence of these disorders was not significantly associated with either educational level, professional activity or socio-economic level. Conclusion: the knowledge of the sociodemographic and clinical profile of the most frequent mental disorders and factors associated with them would make it possible to better adapt the supply of care to the demand and to identify the needs in terms of mental health training in South-East Tunisia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A focus on access to mental health care is critical for beneficent and just care of individuals experiencing homelessness. The delivery of this care is strengthened through building longitudinal relationships between clinicians and persons experiencing homelessness—relationships that are best understood, perhaps, through the lens of attachment theory. In this paper, we look at the prevalence of mental illness among individuals experiencing homelessness and the history of deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill. We then evaluate how three modern-day interventions—street medicine, community health clinics, and supportive housing programs—play integral roles in providing mental health care and constructing a trusting relationship. We conclude with a call for increased funding to support the expansion of these essential mental health care interventions, especially in the aftermath of COVID-19.

In a first article we highlighted the importance of serious gaming in physical medicine and in rehabilitation. In this second article on the same topic, we discuss the potential impact of serious gaming in the field of mental health. The technical aspects, advantages and disadvantages, limits and pitfalls are rapidly overviewed in different areas such as addiction, anxiety, autism, depression, schizophrenia, attention disorders, post-traumatic stress syndrome, obsessive compulsive disorders and memory disorders. It is noteworthy that the American Food and Drug Administration awarded its precious label for the very first time to a serious game used for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

EPILEPSY AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS (EPI-PSY). Epilepsy is not only a brain pathology characterized by a lasting predisposition to generate seizures, it is also associated with cognitive, behavioral, psychological, and social disorders. The interaction between psychiatric pathologies and epilepsy is bidirectional and complex. This association is summarized in the neologism Epi-Psy. Psychiatric pathologies affect at least one third of epileptic patients and up to 80% in cases of drug-resistant epilepsy. The diagnostic approach should distinguish between peri-ictal disorders (chronologically linked to the seizure: pre-ictal, ictal, or post-ictal) and inter-ictal disorders (not chronologically linked to the seizures: iatrogenic, specific to epilepsy or non-specific). The main psychiatric disorders related to epilepsy are psychosis, depression, anxiety and substance use. The impact on quality of life is significant. The therapeutic strategy is both pharmacological and psychotherapeutic. The prescription of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is possible and desirable for anxiety or depressive disorders, with no contraindication for epilepsy. Collaboration between general practitioners, epileptologists, and psychiatrists is valuable in the field of Epi-Psy., Competing Interests: A. Tarrada déclare n’avoir aucun lien d’intérêts. C. Hingray déclare avoir participé à des interventions ponctuelles pour Janssen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eisai, UCB et Otsuka.

Editorial.

Objectives In 2008, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) published its strategic plan to structure future research aims and objectives including the development of a new method of classifying mental health disorders. This strategic plan gave rise to the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project, a framework aimed at establishing major functional domains of the human psyche ranging from normal to pathological. The Signature Consortium was created in 2009 to develop a data bank capable of contributing to the development of RDoC by identifying profiles, or Signatures, of a psychiatric population, collecting biological, psychosocial, and clinical indicators at critical moments in the care and follow-up of patients visiting the care structures of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (IUSMM). Here, we will briefly present the available data and outline some socio-demographic characteristics of our sample, in particular according to diagnosis. Methods By involving over 80 researchers, clinicians, staff, and the support of the IUSMM's institutional services (laboratory, IT, legal and ethics departments), this initiative has led to the creation of a unique data bank in Canada. Data for this biobank were collected during patients' visits to the IUSMM's psychiatric emergency department and during a follow-up in outpatient clinics. A control group was also created, with local recruitment of participants with no self-reported history of psychiatric hospitalization in the last 5 years, and with similar demographics to the psychiatric cohort. Psychological data (e.g., depressive, and psychotic symptoms scales) and socio-demographic data (e.g., marital status) were gathered from self-reported questionnaires. Medical and administrative data (e.g., treatment and diagnosis) were collected from treating psychiatrists and from the hospital's electronic registry (OACIS). Blood, hair, and saliva samples were also collected and analyzed to measure numerous biomarkers. Socio-demographic characteristics were compared based on primary diagnosis. Results Between 2012 and 2020, the Signature Biobank recruited 149 control participants and over 2172 psychiatric patients aged 17 to 81, of whom 2085 agreed to complete questionnaires, and 1986 donated biological samples. Thanks to these data, the Biobank has contributed to over forty research projects, 16 scientific publications in indexed international journals, permitted to validate 5 psychosocial questionnaires for psychiatric inpatients, and was used to create a composite sociocultural gender score. Globally, the participants presented a precarious socio-demographic profile. Patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder seem to present the most disadvantaged profile regarding financial, professional, and relational dimensions. Conclusion The Signature Biobank is a unique biobank in North America studying mental health disorders by collecting bio-psycho-social data and associated biospecimens in psychiatric emergency setting. Although recruitment and data collection are completed, the Biobank continues to add biological data through sample analysis and participation in independent study projects.

This research explores the discourses and practices related to mental health in the city of Seville, noting the influence of these on the psychological well-being of subjects with bipolar disorders and depression. It is not only to make visible a phenomenon of great importance for the future health, but to make it from a different perspective, a social perspective. Instead of the very common biologicistic approach, it focuses on the vision of Social Sciences to health. This point of view can enrich significantly the knowledge about it generating new opportunities that are difficult to observe from other positions. It is used a qualitative methodology that reveals the discursive variability about the phenomenon under study, as well as the positive influence of social support on the psychological well-being of subjects diagnosed as people with disorders.

Résumé: Les troubles du comportement perturbateurs (TCP) sont un enjeu majeur de la prise en charge de la maladie d'Alzheimer. Aucune étude n'a étudié le ressenti des médecins généralistes lors de l'examen clinique des patients atteints d'Alzheimer avec TCP. L'objectif principal de cette étude est d'analyser le ressenti des médecins généralistes lors de l'examen clinique de ces patients. Une étude qualitative par une analyse thématique d'entretiens individuels semi-dirigés a été menée auprès de médecins généralistes d'Occitanie. L'examen clinique du patient Alzheimer avec des TCP génère des sentiments négatifs chez les médecins généralistes, mais des stratégies ont été citées par la plupart pour atténuer ce ressenti. L'efficacité de ces stratégies pourrait être étudiée. Disruptive behavioral disorders (TCP) are a major issue in the management of Alzheimer's disease. No study has investigated how GPs feel when examining Alzheimer's patients with TCP. The main objective of this study is to analyse the feelings of general practitioners during the clinical examination of these patients. A qualitative study based on a thematic analysis of semi-structured individual interviews was carried out with general practitioners in Occitanie. Clinical examination of the Alzheimer's patient with TCP generates negative feelings in general practitioners, but strategies have been cited by most to alleviate this feeling. The effectiveness of these strategies could be studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among prisoners remains a major public health issue worldwide. In France, despite the increasing number of persons who are incarcerated (+30% between 1992 and 2002 with a 120% prison overcrowding), and a historical concern about the mental health of persons in detention and its management, no systematic review has been published on this subject. The aim of this article is to present the results of a systematic review of the literature on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in French prisons., Method: The reporting of this systematic review conforms to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) checklist. We searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases. We used combinations of keywords relating to prison (prison*, jail*, inmate*), to psychiatry ("mental health", psychiatr*), and to France (France, French). This work was completed with a search through the digital libraries of the École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique (EHESP) and of the Système Universitaire de Documentation (Sudoc) to obtain data from academic works and the gray literature. References cited in studies included in this review were also examined. All references published up to September 2022, written in English or French, presenting the results of original quantitative studies on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in correctional settings were included. Two researchers independently extracted data from included references according to a pre-established protocol., Results: Among 501 records identified, a total of 35 papers based on 24 epidemiological studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review: 16 were cross-sectional, 7 retrospective and 1 both cross-sectional and retrospective. All papers were published between 1999 and 2022. We found one European study, 5 international studies, 18 regional or local studies. Of these, 21 studies had all-male or mixed gender samples (but when the sample was mixed gender, it was always at least 92% male). Almost half of the studies (n=11) involved a small sample of fewer than 500 persons. Half of the studies involved a sample of recently incarcerated persons: 6 involved a random sample of persons in detention, and 1 involved a sample of people incarcerated for more than 5 years. The last 5 studies focused on persons aged over 50 years and incarcerated for more than one year (n=1), incarcerated for sexual offences (n=2), placed in disciplinary cells (n=1) or in a special wing for radicalized or suspected radicalized individuals (n=1). Nine studies used standardized and validated diagnostic tools. According to the 4 studies involving representative samples and using standardized and validated diagnostic tools, the prevalence of the following psychiatric disorders was: 29.4-44.4% for anxiety disorders, 5-14.2% for PTSD, 28-31.2% for mood disorders, 6.9-17% for psychotic disorders, 32% for personality disorders and 11% for ADHD., Conclusion: This systematic review of the literature highlights the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in French prisons. The data collected are in line with international studies. The great methodological heterogeneity of the papers included in this review calls for further rigorous research to better understand the rates of mental disorders in French prisons and to explore their determinants., (Copyright © 2024 L'Encéphale, Paris. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

We examine how type of diagnosis, educational trajectories and educational qualifications affect the employment prospects of young adults with mental disorders. We draw on a novel dataset based on data from the Swiss Federal Social Insurance Office. Our analysis shows that individuals with mental disorders that typically have an onset in early childhood, those who experience educational trajectories including special needs education, and those attaining higher levels of qualification are more likely to be employed in early adulthood.

Introduction:the low coverage of specialized mental health services and the shortage of human resources for mental health are enormous challenges for the health care system in Africa. The integration of mental health support into primary health care is a substantial and feasible complementary intervention to specialized services. We collected and analyzed data from 5 Health Care Centers (HCC) that had integrated this care package in Guinea. Methods: we conducted a descriptive study of new cases of mental health issues between 2012 and 2017. The reasons for consultations and diagnoses were identified and analyzed on the basis of consultation registries and individual medical records. Results: a total of 4.995 patients with mental health problems received consultations (2.8% of general consultations; 0.5 -7.7% according to the centers). The average age of patients was 27,9 years (± 16.1). The most common reasons for consultations were: insomnia 44.4% (n = 2081), seizures 39% (n = 1827), behavioral disorders 31.9% (n = 1263) and hallucinations 26.1% (n = 1224). The most common diagnoses were: epilepsy 36.8% (n = 1773) and psychotic disorders 33.5% (n = 1613). Eighty eight point four per cent (n = 4418) of patients received medical treatment, most often combined with psychological support. Conclusion: this study highlights that in the Guinean context, where access to specialized mental health care is very limited, patients with mental ill, even with severe medical conditions, can be followed up in the health centers by non-specialized but trained mental health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducing patient partnership in mental health and psychiatry to initial training is an innovative way of promoting recovery, while at the same time highlighting the undeniable contribution of peer support within healthcare teams, in order to accompany the people concerned. This is why Croix-Rouge Compétence Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes is developing a specific training program for trainees., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Despite the undeniable benefits of physical activity during and beyond cancer treatments, patients do not always undertake and/or maintain it. The aim of the study is to identify, describe and understand the barriers and facilitators of physical activity practice among adults arriving at the end of treatment for solid cancer, in precarious situations, living in Seine-Saint-Denis., Methods: The study was conducted using a descriptive qualitative phenomenological method involving semi-directed interviews with 23 participants during and beyond cancer., Results: Multiple-level factors (micro, meso, macro) are involved in active behavior of patients. Three main facilitators were identified: perceived benefit, social support, and urban planning. Three barriers are identified: (1) physical and psychological disorders whether or not related to cancer and its treatment, (2) precariousness, organizational constraints, unfavorable social environment, (3) lack of coordination, lack of accurate and appropriate information, lack of realistic referral to physical activity offers., Discussion: A diversity of representations, combinations of factors, and experiences are described. Getting people with cancer to engage in and maintain long-term physical activity is a complex task, requiring multidisciplinary action on all socio-ecological factors., (Copyright © 2024 Société Française du Cancer. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

COMMON PHYSICAL HEALTH PROBLEMS IN PSYCHIATRY. Somatic psychiatric care is particularly important as life expectancy declines of 13 to 16 years among individuals with severe mental disorders, primaly due to cardiovascular and cancer-related diseases. They face a triple burden: their mental disorders, reduced life expectancy and limited healthcare access. Common comorbidities related to psychotropic medications, lifestyle and the mental condition itself, affect various organs with complex clinical expressions. The multidimensional vulnerability is attributable to the side-effects of psychotropic drugs, mental disorders, and healthcare system fragmentation, hindering access to care. The proposed solutions aim for a better integration of mental health into general healthcare, with increased awareness among caregivers for a holistic approach to health., Competing Interests: N. Hallouche et C. Bornes déclarent avoir participé à des interventions ponctuelles pour Gilead Sciences. Les autres auteurs déclarent n’avoir aucun lien d’intérêts.

The Litterapsy study focuses on the assessment of health literacy in patients with psychiatric disorders, a field that has been little studied in France. It is based on the observations of an advanced practice nurse specializing in psychosocial rehabilitation. Its aim is to provide objective data to better understand how these patients understand medical information and navigate the healthcare system., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Résumé: Au travers de l'analyse qualitative et quantitative du dispositif de médecine générale est éclairée la position d'interface médicale et sociale spécifique et celle d'acteur de santé mentale du médecin généraliste traitant. Parmi les constats négatifs beaucoup sont reliés aux faiblesses des choix de santé publics et aux défauts structurels d'organisation et de régulation du système de santé français. Dans les reformes en cours, le développement du dispositif du médecin traitant et des parcours de soins coordonnés est décrit comme levier essentiel pour des améliorations nécessaires. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis of general medicine and primary care the specific medical and social task of the GP, with its high commitment in mental health, is underlined. Many of the negative findings are related to weaknesses in public health choices and structural defects in organization, as well as the regulation of the French health system. In the current reforms, the development of the devices available to the general practitioner and co-ordinated approach in treatment are described as an essential lever for necessary improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There are important differences in frequency and type of offence committed by individuals with severe mental disorders (SMD), depending on whether their antisocial behaviors began at an early age or as adults. However, individuals having shown early antisocial behaviors do not form an homogenous group. This study's objective is to test if the antisocial behaviors earliness could explain this heterogeneity.Method: 137 men with SMD under 3 separate legal status were recruited. They were distributed in 3 groups according to the antisocial behaviors earliness.Results: The participants in the childhood group commit more violent offences and more of them present a substance use disorder compared with those in the adult group. A more frequent alcohol use disorder separates the youth group from the adult group. There is no significant difference between the childhood and the youth group, but there are more reported offences in the childhood group.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the age of antisocial behaviors onset should be considered in evaluating risk and managing individuals with SMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of a psychiatric and church-historical analysis of the substantial court records from 21 cases of female child murderers in eighteenth-century Denmark-Norway. We investigated, first, the appearance of mental aspects in the cases and if they allowed for a retrospective clinical hypothesis regarding the mental state of the offender. Second, traces of theological or religious elements and third, trends or developments in the cases from 1697–1758 were considered. After an introduction to the legal framework, we present six cases with mental aspects, comprising existential death wish, depression, acute stress disorder, polymorphic psychosis, psychotic state and personality disorder to illustrate findings regarding the murderers’ mental states. Religious elements and developments proved hard to find. The results of the analysis point to social and mental rather than religious causative factors for the murders. To some degree they resemble present-day “suicide by cop” or homicides committed by mentally ill persons. This calls for a modification of the theory of so-called suicide murders and a religious or particularly Lutheran component in this regard. The in-depth analysis indicates that court procedures were perfectly commonsense and included mental aspects but seldom religion – and no magic.

The prevalence and severity of smoking are particularly high in populations in precarious situations and make smoking an essential determinant of social inequalities in health, due to its particularly catastrophic impact on the health of these populations. The general reduction in smoking, less significant in disadvantaged populations, contributes to further increasing these inequalities, and smoking tends to be concentrated in the most vulnerable populations. The relationships between tobacco and precariousness are examined by identifying, based on a review of the literature, the main common factors of vulnerability: stress and social adversity, self-stigma, a low feeling of self-efficacy, the social function of tobacco use, the ambivalence of demands, associated addictions, the severity of tobacco dependence, distance from support and care systems, etc. Specific attention is paid to certain particular conditions: mental health disorders, addictions (other than tobacco), inadequate housing, detention, migration. On this basis, courses of action are proposed to improve access to care and its effectiveness for the people concerned. Emphasis is placed on the mobilization of professionals who often tend to neglect issues of smoking in view of the immediate severity of the problems at the origin of the demands of the people received. A support offer for harm reduction (vaping in particular) seems particularly suited to often-ambivalent demands. The importance of networking and the involvement of CSAPAs/CAARUDs is also underlined. At the systemic level, all of this must be accompanied by political advocacy to reduce these inequalities and social determinants of health.

Competing Interests: M. Garnier déclare avoir participé à des essais cliniques pour Janssen. P.-M. Llorca déclare avoir des liens durables ou permanents avec Karla Therapeutics, Janssen, MSD, Neuraxpharm, Otsuka, Sanofi ; avoir participé à des rapports d’expertise, des activités de conseil et des conférences pour AbbVie, Eisai, HAC Pharma, Janssen, Lundbeck, MSD, Neuraxpharm, Otsuka, Sanofi, Teva ; avoir été pris en charge à l’occasion de déplacements pour congrès par Eisai, Janssen, Lundbeck, Neuraxpharm, Otsuka. M.-C. Patoz déclare n’avoir aucun lien d’intérêts.

Restraint in care must be a practice of last resort. To date, it is only regulated in the texts for psychiatric care without consent and only in full hospitalization. Healthcare teams can only use it with great caution, in a manner strictly proportionate to the situation and, if they act outside the legal framework, by taking good professional practices as a reference., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

In an ever-changing environment, the question of the meaning of care within a caring, ethical framework is of paramount importance. The development of a patient-centred approach relies on an understanding of the Other. Caring and empathy are the essential foundations of this approach. An attempt to analyze practices through a few notions of ethics can be proposed., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: The objective was to evaluate mental disorders and addictive behaviours in gold miners treated in the psychiatry department of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital in Burkina Faso., Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, and analytical study with retrospective recruitment of 174 patients over a 10-year period from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2020. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software., Results: The study population was exclusively male and predominantly young, with a mean age of 28.16 +/- 5.79 years. Most patients were single (59.8%) and had a low level of education (58.82%). Acute psychotic disorders (48.85%) and the mental and behavioral disorders related to the use of psychoactive substances (41.38%) were the most common. 78.73% of patients were users of psychoactive substances (PAS). The most used psychoactive substances were tobacco (75.28%), cannabis (62.64%), alcohol (48.27%) and tramadol (32.18%)., Conclusion: The occurrence of mental disorders among gold miners has become a real public health problem in Burkina Faso, given the growing number of gold mining sites throughout the country., (Le comité de rédaction se réserve le droit de renvoyer aux auteurs avant toute soumission à l'avis des lecteurs les manuscrits qui ne seraient pas conformes à ces modalités de présentation. En outre il leur conseille de conserver un exemplaire du manuscrit, des figures et des tableaux.)

Background: Suicidal behaviors are increasing in Tunisia at younger and younger ages. This study aims to describe the sociodemographic and clinical profile of suicide attempts in children and adolescents. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional and descriptive study, including 50 suicidal individuals, recruited in the Child Psychiatry Department at the Razi Hospital in Manouba and in two Departments in Tunisia (Intensive Care and Reanimation Department and Department of Pediatrics) between July 2012 and June 2013. We identified the socio-demographic and clinical factors, the histories of abuse, subjects' education, the characteristics of the attempted suicides (TS), suicidal ideation assessed by the Suicidal Intent Scale and psychopathological disorders diagnosed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Results: The sex-ratio was 0.56, the average age was 12.4 years ranging from 7 to 16 years. School failure or dropout were found in 86% of suicidal individuals. In 38% of cases suicidal behavior was recurrent; the subjects had a history of self-mutilation to the same extent. A context of abuse was reported in 46% of cases. Drug ingestion was the most common means of suicide, psychotropic drugs were the most common substances used. There was a significant gender difference in the use of the means of suicide: the boys mainly used physical means (P=0.04) while the girls poisoning (P=0.001). Suicidal intent was high in 44% of cases. A major depressive episode and adjustment disorder were the most common disorders found (58% and 24% of cases respectively) Conclusion: Depressive disorders and abuse are risk factors of TS in children and adolescents, these factors should be considered when implementing suicide prevention strategies for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through Quebec universities, the population of students with emerging disabilities is higher than the population of students with physical disabilities. Within our university, the social work's departement has the largest proportion of students with emerging disabilities. The varied challenges faced by these students with mental or neurodevelopmental disorders during their theoretical training tend to increase during internships, leading to extensions, dropouts or failures. The aim of this article is to describe the structure that has been developped to support these social work students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sante Mentale au Quebec is the property of Revue Sante Mentale au Quebec and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)