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En juillet 2010, en arpentant la région de Mornag, une première inscription a été retrouvée et qui nous a permis, grâce à la mention de l’ancien nom du site «Abzira libera», de localiser l’un des trente oppida libera mentionnés par Pline l’Ancien. Lors d’une deuxième tournée effectuée, le 28 décembre 2017, sur le site d’Ouzra, nous avons trouvé un socle de statue portant une inscription inconnue permettant de connaître, pour la première fois, le statut juridique de la ville romaine.

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El estudio de los materiales procedentes de un hallazgo fortuito, de la colección Gutiérrez Achútegui, nos permite aproximarnos al panorama funerario de época altoimperial de la antigua Calagurris, concretamente a la necrópolis romana del Paseo del Mercadal. El conjunto está formado por una serie de urnas cinerarias y sus correspondientes ajuares. Su localización se produjo en 1948 al construir el Instituto Nacional de Previsión y ha llegado hasta nosotros gracias a la labor de este erudito calagurritano, que dejó constancia del hallazgo en sus notas manuscritas, así como a su colección arqueológica conformada entre 1924 y 1973. La necrópolis será destruida por la construcción del circo romano que se asentará en el mismo emplazamiento, en el suburbium de la zona occidental del municipium. Por ahora es la única necrópolis del siglo I de la era de la que disponemos de información, pues no se ha excavado ninguna de esta época.

Since 2010, a Romanian-Austrian research project has investigated the site of ancient Troesmis (near today’s Turcoaia, Tulcea County), focusing on the transformations undergone by settlements at the Lower Danube in antiquity. By applying innovative archaeological documentation and evaluation methods (digital documentation of findings, photogrammetry, geophysical prospection and geo-information technology), the site of Troesmis was examined in order to serve as an example for the transformation of the settlement and habitat from the 2nd to the early 13th century A.D. Located in the northwest of Dobrudja, Troesmis occupied a strategic key position on the Roman Danube limes. The Roman-Byzantine settlement was situated on the steep right bank of the Danube, about 15 km to the south of present-day town of Măcin and 4 km to the north of Turcoaia village. The wide-spread area of the ruins that is dominated today by two fortifications extends from the Danube to the east, up to the foothills of Măcin Mountains. This paper intends to give an overview on the 2011-2013 field campaigns that focused on the topographic documentation of the still visible ruins of two fortifications (the so-called eastern fortification, from the Late Roman period, and the western fortification, dated to the middle Byzantine period), as well as of the visible remains on the plateau, which were part of a settlement. In addition to the critical review of the research, an intensive survey over about 178 ha was carried out along with geomagnetic prospection, covering an area of about 48 ha, providing new insights into the site’s settlement structure.

The end of the Social war was marked by the social integration into Roman citizenship of Italians who did not yet enjoy it. The process was of utmost important because it contributed decisively to the transformation of Rome from aristocratic city-state to monarchical empire. The municipal organization prevailed all across the peninsula and generalized the principle of dual citizenship, local and Roman – a condition of its future expansion. At the same time, segmentation of the Roman people was compounded by the increase in the number of citizens. As a result, some of its parts, soldiers and urban plebs in particular, stood out as citizens par excellence and earned for themselves specific modes of action. The political practices that later prevailed in the Empire were thereby being rolled out. Reviewing the historiography over the past twenty years provides insights into different aspects of this development.

The Roman control of the provincial territories in the Iberian peninsula entailed the progressive evolution of the pre-Roman peoples into cities with differentiated status. Uniformization was never complete, even after Latin law had been granted under Vespasianus and the municipal formula had prevailed. After it became for the people of the provinces the community of reference, the civitas combined past and present under the aegis of the local elites. The history of four centuries does not oppose but connects up, according to different modes and ways, ethnic groups and civic institutions founded on self-government. Rome dealt with each small city, not with provinces.