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Copyright of Sur le Journalisme, About Journalism, Sobre Jornalismo is the property of Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sur le Journalisme, About Journalism, Sobre Jornalismo is the property of Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Académique des Études Sociales et Humaines is the property of Hassif Benbouali University of Chlef and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The inclusion of the term "incest" in the Penal Code is extremely recent. The study of the silence of the law and the debates that led to its introduction reflect the evolution of our society. What is the current situation for magistrates, in terms of the texts currently in force? How can judicial practices benefit from interdisciplinary scientific knowledge to meet the challenges of proof, protection and reparation?, (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The interviews of children who are victims of violence carried out by doctors are never filmed. The children can in certain situations be auditioned by detectives or by policemen, at the police station but also in structures like pediatric child at risk units, hospital facilities. The law requires that auditions must be filmed for sexual facts/sexual assault. But it is recommended that these filmed auditions must be extended to the most serious cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Les capacités décisionnelles des personnes âgées présentant une démence comptent parmi les problématiques sociétales et éthiques les plus importantes dans le champ du vieillissement. La question est particulièrement épineuse lorsqu'il s'agit d'aborder la capacité de consentement sexuel chez ces personnes. En effet, des travaux montrent que les personnes âgées institutionnalisées (atteintes ou non de démences) conservent des intérêts et besoins sexuels similaires à ceux des personnes âgées vivant à domicile. Néanmoins, les personnes âgées cognitivement ou physiquement vulnérables constituent également un groupe à risque d'agressions et/ou de victimisation sexuelles, en particulier celles atteintes de démence sévère. Cet article s'intéresse à la place du psychologue et à la démarche qu'il peut développer pour évaluer la capacité de consentement sexuel chez le sujet âgé présentant une vulnérabilité cognitive. Decision-making capacities of older people with cognitive disorders are among the most important societal and ethical issues in the field of aging. The question is particularly thorny when it comes to addressing the issue of sexual consent capacity among these people. Indeed, research shows that institutionalized elderly people (with or without dementia) maintains sexual interests and needs similar to those of elderly people living at home. Nevertheless, cognitively or physically vulnerable elderly people also constitute a group at risk of sexual assault and/or victimization, and especially with people with severe dementia. This article examines the place of the psychologist and the approach he can develop to assess the capacity of sexual consent in the elderly subject with cognitive vulnerability. Following the recommendations of the American Bar Association/American Psychological Association for the assessment of capacity in older adults with diminished capacity, we make some propositions to assess psychological and neuropsychological functions implicated in sexual consent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cameroonian feminist novel is a combat novel. It acts as a form of advocacy that the writer formulates in order to postulate more dignified gender relations. In this novel, the demiurge fights for the advent of a more just social order at the heart of which all genders are equal and all sexes owe each other mutual respect. The novel works in several directions: to restore women's reputation in terms of rights and to allow them to dispose of their own bodies as respected human beings. However, this goal of re-appropriating the female body runs up against a certain phallocratic vision of gender relations aimed at keeping women in the sexist bosom. Consequently, as a mode of declining sexual violence, does sexual aggression not participate in strategies whose aim is only the reification of women? By drawing inspiration from the sociocritical conceptual apparatus formalised by Pierre Barbéris and the gender approach, we answer this research question. The work is organized in three parts. In the first part, we examine the forms of violence against women in the feminist text under examination. The second part deals with the stylization of sexual violence. It questions the linguistic forms at work in the literary text, since the literary work is above all a work of art: beyond the reproduction of the observed facts, it is the production of language. The last part is concerned with the novelists' message or their vision of the world on the issue of sexual assault. The aim of this part is to show that rape is a serious violation of women's rights, a major obstacle to their empowerment and the affirmation of their identity.

Post-traumatic cognitions could have an influence on the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people who have experienced sexual assault (SA). To our knowledge, no literature review has been conducted on the relation between post-traumatic cognitions, self-blame and PTSD in people who have experienced SA. Considering that these cognitions are frequently observed in this population, the present study aims to draw a general portrait of the literature to understand these relations. Twenty-nine articles published between 2010 and 2021 were searched in the PsycINFO and PUBMED databases. Three observations emerge from this review. First, post-traumatic cognitions predict the severity of PTSD symptoms and mediate the relation between these symptoms and the presence of numerous problems related to the occurrence of SA. Moreover, self-blame predicts PTSD symptoms after SA and mediates the relation between these two elements. That said, it would be relevant to target post-traumatic cognitions in the treatment of PTSD since their reduction could lead to a reduction in PTSD symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Recherches Feministes is the property of Groupe de Recherche et d'Echange Multidisciplinaires Feministes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alternative Francophone is the property of Alternative Francophone and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Quebec Studies is the property of Liverpool University Press / Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: La forte prévalence des violences sexuelles infantiles amène en consultation de médecine générale de nombreux patients adultes traumatisés. La place pivot du médecin généraliste le conforte dans son rôle essentiel de dépistage. Repérer ces antécédents lui permet d'adapter la prise en charge de ces patients. Il a donc besoin de connaissances et d'outils pour l'aider dans sa pratique. The high prevalence of child sexual abuse brings many traumatized adult patients to general practice consultations. The central place of the general practitioner gives him an essential screening role. Identifying this traumatic history enables the general practitioner to adapt the management of his patients. He therefore needs knowledge and tools to help him in his practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Les violences sexuelles sur mineurs sont fréquentes : une femme sur sept et un homme sur 25 ont été victimes d'une agression sexuelle au cours de leur vie, la plupart avant l'âge de 18 ans. Les conséquences de ces violences sont lourdes et nombreuses et le professionnel de soins primaires peut être l'un des premiers interlocuteurs d'une victime, après les violences mais également tout au long de sa vie. Nous avons cherché à comprendre quels étaient les freins au dépistage de ces violences. Pour cela nous avons interrogé huit groupes de professionnels de soins primaires (médecins généralistes, pédiatres, gynécologues, sages-femmes, acteurs en PMI, kinésithérapeutes, infirmiers et pharmaciens) en utilisant la technique du groupe nominal. Le principal frein mis en évidence est la peur du praticien : peur pour le patient et sa famille mais également peur pour lui-même et pour la poursuite de son activité. Afin de lever ce frein, la formation des professionnels, notamment sur l'Information Préoccupante, semble être une réelle solution. Sexual violence on minors is frequent: one in seven women and one in twenty five men have been victim of a sexual assault throughout their lives, most of them before the age of 18. The consequences are severe and multiple. Primary care professionals can be one of the first victim's interlocutor, both after the violence and throughout their live. We have been trying to understand what the obstacles to these violence's' detection where. In order to do it, we have interrogated eight groups of primary care professionals (general practitioners, pediatricians, gynecologists, midwives, workers in maternal and child protection, physiotherapists, nurses and pharmacists) under the nominal group method. The main obstacle turned out to be the fear of the professional himself towards the patient, his or her family and the pursuit of his job. Therefore, professional training, in particular about worrying information, seems to be relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Les femmes sans domicile fixe sont tout aussi susceptibles, et peut-être même plus que les autres, d'être victimes de violences de la part de leur partenaire. Malheureusement le silence demeure chez ces femmes qui souhaitent parfois oublier une situation encore plus déstabilisante. Le but de ce travail est de déterminer, à partir d'expériences vécues, la fréquence et l'importance des violences subies par les femmes sans-abri hébergées dans des centres d'hébergement et réinsertion sociale des Pyrénées Orientales. Women who are homeless are just as likely, and perhaps even more likely than others, to experience partner violence. Unfortunately, silence remains among these women who sometimes wish to forget an even more destabilizing situation. The aim of this work is to determine, from lived experiences, the frequency and extent of violence suffered by homeless women accommodated in accommodation and social reintegration centers in the Eastern Pyrenees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the medical and social characteristics of abused homeless patients. It reports a study on sexual assault and violence against homeless women in 2019.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Education / Revue Canadienne de l'Éducation is the property of Canadian Society for the Study of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Law no. 217/2020 on the modification and amendment of the Criminal Code and of the Criminal Procedure Code has as a main objective to strengthen the answer to some criminal offences perpetrated against minors. This analysis tries to establish whether such intervention of the legislator is modified, analyzing only the modifications and amendments of the Special part of the Criminal Code.

The job of domestic employee is the subject of social clichés in sub-Saharan black Africa. Being a housekeeper or housekeeper is often synonymous with "missing a life. The physical, financial, moral and sometimes sexual violence that domestic employees experience on a daily basis, while making them vulnerable, often place them at the bottom of the socioprofessional class. But this vulnerability does not influence the flow and enthusiasm of young people to this sector of activity. From Cameroonian cases, this article analyzes the social constructs and strategies deployed by domestic employees in order to engage and / or practice this profession in an unfavorable context. From a strategic perspective, the qualitative and quantitative data collected from employers and domestic employees reveal that they show ingenuity in producing a variety of practices through which they manage to endure the abuses to which they are subjected. . Consequently, their obstinacy in exercising this profession, despite the context of vulnerability, results from the application of a situational intelligence in the face of the precarious environment and the uncertainty of tomorrow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Politique Africaine is the property of Karthala Editions Diffusion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

After a trial lasting more than a decade, S. was sentenced to 12 years in prison for raping his daughter when she was a child. The case began in 1999, when his daughter, then aged 23, was one night suddenly awakened from a dream in which she saw herself having sex with her father. This dream brought back in her memory long years of rape and sexual abuse she suffered dating back to age 3, and continuing until age 11. In three trials, in front of the District Court of Tel Aviv and in front of the Israeli Supreme Court, the judges have analyzed the value of this dream and the memories of sexual assault of physical and psychological violence that this dream has caused. The judge analyzed the concept of traumatic amnesia and the resurgence of repressed memory as admissible evidence. They decided, on the basis of expert reports, but also on the testimony of the daughter, that her symptoms of anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder, combined with her realistic memories, provided clear evidence for incest. Although the accused was convicted unanimously by the judges, the case is far from being a consensus. After undergoing a long and difficult trial, the victim had to face criticisms from a number of scientists who denounced the judges’ decision stating that there is no known psychological mechanism whereby memories of repeated traumatic events can be forgotten and then suddenly recalled following a dream. This case also raises the problem of prescription in the field of incestuous sexual abuse cases. Victims of such assault wait sometimes many years to be able to face the judicial process. A reflection on this issue takes place within the Israeli judiciary and within the Israeli parliament, the Knesset.

This paper is a feminist judgment in R v JA (Supreme Court of Canada 2011), a spousal sexual assault case involving the issue of whether parties can consent in advance to sexual activity that will occur while they are asleep or unconscious. The Supreme Court’s ruling in JA has generated critique and debate amongst feminist and law and sexuality scholars that pits women's equality and security interests against their affirmative sexual autonomy. Using the methodology of a feminist judgment, I endeavour to analyze whether it is possible to adopt an approach to advance consent that protects or at least balances all of these interests. My particular focus is the spousal context, where courts have often interpreted the sexual assault provisions of the Criminal Code to the detriment of women’s sexual integrity and equality, yet where arguments about affirmative sexual autonomy have also predominated. Taking a harm-based approach to criminality that considers both negative and positive sexual autonomy, the judgment concludes that advance consent should not be considered valid without certain legal safeguards being put into place.Este artículo es una sentencia feminista de R v JA (Tribunal Supremo de Canadá 2011), un caso de agresión sexual conyugal que implica la cuestión de si las partes pueden consentir de antemano una actividad sexual que ocurrirá mientras están dormidos o inconscientes. El fallo de la Corte Suprema en JA ha generado críticas y debates entre feministas e investigadores en derecho y sexualidad, que enfrentan los intereses de igualdad y seguridad de la mujer con su autonomía sexual afirmativa. Utilizando la metodología de un juicio feminista, se intenta analizar si es posible adoptar un enfoque de consentimiento anticipado que proteja, o al menos equilibre, todos estos intereses. El enfoque particular es el contexto conyugal, donde los tribunales han interpretado a menudo las disposiciones sobre el asalto sexual del Código Penal en detrimento de la integridad sexual y la igualdad de las mujeres, incluso también donde también han predominado los argumentos sobre la autonomía sexual positiva. A partir de un acercamiento a la criminalidad basado en el daño, que considera la autonomía sexual negativa y positiva, la sentencia concluye que el consentimiento previo no debe ser considerado válido sin que se pongan en práctica ciertas garantías legales. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2891024

In the R. v. J.A. case, a man was criminally convicted for performing sexual activities on his partner while she was rendered unconscious through erotic asphyxiation. Evaluating the legal and ethical stakes of the case is challenging because the complainant changed her testimony from non-consent to consent at trial, and the couple’s history includes both kinky sex and domestic violence. In this paper, I problematize the legal reasoning of the trial judgment (R. v .A.(J.) 2008 ONCJ 195), the Supreme Court of Canada’s majority decision ([2011] 2 S.C.R. 440), as well as the LEAF factum, and some of the feminist commentary. I argue that both the legal and the feminist discourses privilege domestic and sexual violence as the preeminent context in this case, erase or gloss over kinky eroticism and subjectivity, and advance a carceral politics that privileges the criminal justice system as an articulator of truth, and a vehicle for gender justice.En el caso R. v. J.A., se condenó penalmente a un hombre por llevar a cabo actividades sexuales con su pareja, después de dejarla inconsciente mediante asfixia erótica. Evaluar las implicaciones legales y éticas del caso es un reto, porque la querellante cambió en el juicio su testimonio del no consentimiento al consentimiento, y la historia de la pareja incluye tanto el fetichismo sexual como la violencia doméstica. En este artículo se problematiza sobre el razonamiento jurídico de la sentencia (R. v. A. (J.) 2008 ONCJ 195), la decisión mayoritaria del Tribunal Supremo de Canadá ([2011] 2 RCS 440), así como el factum LEAF, y algunos de los comentarios feministas. Se sostiene que tanto los discursos jurídicos como los feministas consideran la violencia doméstica y sexual como el contexto preeminente en este caso, borran o disimulan el fetichismo erótico y la subjetividad, y promueven una política penitenciaria en la que el sistema de justicia penal es articulador de la verdad y vehículo para la justicia de género.DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2891048

Background: Despite numerous studies and publications, there is still a common expectation that a medical assessment can confirm or rule out child sexual abuse (CSA). The truth is that CSA can never be ruled out and can seldom be confirmed on clinical grounds. Aim: The objective of this article was to suggest which aspects to consider when the expert medical witness in a CSA case needs to explain why CSA can seldom be confirmed and can never be ruled out. The importance of a sound medical and medico-legal history was discussed because the history was generally the only positive ‘finding’ of the assessment of children who have possibly been abused. Method: Authoritative sources were used to support the explanation of reasons for an absence of corroborative clinical findings in CSA, as defined by the World Health Organization. The authors structured the individual sections by providing a background on which to base the testimony. They then summarised the clinical forensic significance of the information which should be offered in the courts and which should reflect on the court records, to be taken into account in the eventual decision, which will be made by the court. Results: A guideline was provided for answering questions frequently posed to the expert witness in child abuse cases where there were no positive findings. Conclusion: A structure for the explanation of reasons for a normal clinical examination when evaluating children who may have been sexually abused may reduce the discomfort of medical witnesses and improve the quality of expert medical testimony.

Abstract: Sexual assault on Canadian post-secondary campuses remains a persistent, reoccurring issue, with 25% of post-secondary women being sexually assaulted (Hawn et al., 2018). This examination of the literature endeavours to determine how the policies, barriers, and responses to sexual assault at Canadian post-secondary institutions helps or hurts an individual’s odds of reporting sexual assault issues. The literature review revealed three themes that act as obstacles to reporting sexual assault: a) lack of sexual assault policies, b) existing barriers to support, and c) poor responses by post-secondary institutions. If these obstructions are reduced—or eliminated completely in a best-case scenario—the likelihood of sexual assault survivors reporting may increase.

Copyright of Recherches Feministes is the property of Groupe de Recherche et d'Echange Multidisciplinaires Feministes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: Isolement, confinement, menace, face-à-face permanent laissent l'agresseur dans une toute-puissance pour instrumentaliser, humilier, blesser, frapper, agresser sexuellement et asseoir sa domination sur sa conjointe et ses enfants. Les éléments déclenchants s'il en faut s'appuieront comme justification sur la promiscuité, le bruit des enfants, la pandémie ou tout autre élément l'entrainant dans sa spirale destructrice et de passage à l'acte. Dès les premières semaines, on a relevé une augmentation des signalements de violences conjugales et intra-familiales. L'ensemble des professionnels de santé doivent être vigilants, à l'écoute et questionner au moindre doute sur d'éventuelles violences. Because of the containment measures decreed by our institutions to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, the violent man finds himself permanently with his victim and his children. This new environment becomes an additional element of his strategy: Isolation, confinement, threat, permanent face-to-face, as many elements that the aggressor will use, instrumentalize, to humiliate, hurt, hit, sexually assault and establish his domination on his wife and children; and this, with "justifications": Promiscuity, the noise of children, the pandemic, in short, all the events allowing him to take action! From the first weeks there was an increase in reports of domestic and intra-family violence. All health professionals must be vigilant, attentive and question any doubt about possible violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There has presumably been an increase in cases of sexual assault in Nigeria; however, accurate data on the characteristics of the survivors and perpetrators are not readily available in most cases. Aim: To report the pattern and characteristics of sexual assault perpetrators and survivors managed at the Mirabel Centre, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja – a three-year review. Methods: A retrospective audit carried out in the sexual assault referral centre (SARC) – Mirabel Centre, LASUTH, Lagos State, Nigeria. A total of 2160 case files from July 2013 to January 2017 were assessed for age group of survivors and gender, among others. Results: A total of 2160 cases were analysed. The mean age of survivors was 13.9 (± 4.4) years with the 11–20 years age group having the highest number of survivors (48.4%) and the 0–10 years age group having 35.9% of survivors. Majority of the survivors (97.7%) were female. The majority of the perpetrators were known to the survivors with 10.3% being family members. Defilement (71.6%) was the most reported type of assault at the centre with rape (20.3%) being the second most common. The majority of the referrals to the centre were from the police (76.7%), while self-referrals made up 8% of referrals. Conclusion: Minors and adolescents formed the majority of the survivors. Defilement was the most reported form of sexual violence. There needs to be special intervention for better monitoring and protection of minors and youths against sexual assault. The establishment of more sexual assault referral centres in Nigeria will increase reportage and treatment of survivors.

Background: Although effective follow-up of sexual assault survivors is linked to optimal recovery, attendance at follow-up consultations is poor. It is therefore essential that health care providers maximise the benefit of follow-up care for every sexual assault survivor. Aim: This study explored the personal experiences of sexual assault survivors to better understand the enablers of, and barriers to, attendance at follow-up consultations. Methods: This phenomenological qualitative study was conducted at the three hospitals which manage most sexual assault survivors within the Eden District. Using purposive sampling, 10 participants were selected. Consenting participants shared their experiencesduring semi-structured interviews with the researcher. Results: Authoritative, client-held documentation was a powerful enabler to accessing follow-up care. Individualised, patient-centred care further enhanced participants’ access to, and utilisation of, health care services. The failure of health care providers to integrate follow-up care for sexual assault survivors into established chronic care services was a missed opportunity in the continuum of care. Negative perceptions, based on others’ or personal prior experience of police, judicial and health care systems, were further barriers to follow-up care. Conclusion: This study highlights the need of survivors of sexual assault for integrated,patient-centred care, encompassing principles of good communication. Committed actions of all stakeholders are necessary to tackle negative perceptions that create barriers to follow-up care. A simple practical strategy, the provision of a scheduled appointment on official stationery, is easy to effect at facility level. As a powerful enabler to follow-up care, this should be implemented as a priority intervention.

A short story of women, violence and sexual assault.

The American news media has recently reported on several rape and sexual assault cases in various cultural settings, sparking public conversations about rape culture in different cultural contexts. The article is focused as a Critical Discourse Analysis that compares the language use in news articles from The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal over a six months period in order to more clearly understand the way the news media uses language in regards to gender and sexual assault and creates a spectrum of valid versus contested reports of sexual assault in different cultural settings.

The article discusess Canada Supreme Court case addressing consent in cases of sexual assaults. In this case the court found that a person can only consent to sexual activity if they are conscious throughout that activity. If a person becomes unconscious during the sexual activity, then they legally cannot consent, whether or not they consented earlier. It also recognizes both women's equality and security from violence.

La problématique de cet article est de savoir s'il faut maintenir l'incrimination de l'avortement ou alors le dépénaliser carrément, ou enfin seulement le disqualifier positif congolais au regard du protocole de Maputo ratifié régulièrement par la République démocratique du Congo (RDC). Le droit positif congolais, tout comme le protocole de Maputo, maintient l'incrimination de l'avortement dit « criminel ». En application de ce protocole, par respect de et de ses obligations internationales posées par l'article 215 de sa constitution du 18.2.2006 et du principe de la laïcité de l'État congolais disposé par l'article 1er de la même constitution, la RDC doit disqualifier et non dépénaliser l'avortement. Pour ce faire, la RDC doit légaliser l'autorisation de l'avortement dit « thérapeutique » dans des hypothèses bien limitées, à savoir si la grossesse met en péril la soit la santé physique ou mentale, soit la vie de la mère (tel est le seul cas que le droit positif congolais retient à travers l'Ordonnance n° 70-158 du 30 avril 1970 sur la déontologie médicale). Il sied d'y ajouter les hypothèses suivantes retenues par ledit protocole, à savoir si la grossesse met en péril aussi la santé physique ou mentale du foetus, soit elle met en péril la vie de la mère ou du foetus, encore si cette grossesse est due aux agressions sexuelles, au viol ou à l'inceste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les données disponibles montrent que les auteurs de violences sexuelles ont connu des niveaux d'expériences défavorables de l'enfance (ACE : adverse childhood experiences) plus élevés que ceux vécus par la population générale ou d'autres populations criminelles. Traditionnellement, il était convenu dans la pratique habituelle des thérapeutes traitant les auteurs de violences sexuelles de dissuader leurs patients d'aborder les traumatismes ou difficultés de l'enfance, par crainte qu'ils recherchent des excuses pour leurs infractions. Le modèle des trajectoires (pathways model), qui insiste sur l'étiologie, a ouvert la voie pour que le traitement centré sur les traumas des ACE des auteurs de violences sexuelles soit considéré comme une intervention thérapeutique légitime. Le modèle du traitement adaptatif de l'information, inhérent à la thérapie du trauma EMDR (désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires), est conçu comme permettant de réorganiser les ensembles de cognitions et d'émotions stockés de manière inadaptée, associés à des expériences envahissantes ou traumatiques, comme les violences sexuelles dans l'enfance. Nous proposons que la psychothérapie EMDR constitue un moyen de restructurer des cognitions implicites déformées et des facteurs de vulnérabilité personnels, conçus comme étant à la base des conduites délictuelles ou criminelles. Grâce à une analyse exhaustive de la littérature, les auteurs ont étudié cinq modèles encore actuels dans la littérature sur les auteurs de violences sexuelles et développé le modèle des éléments moteurs des infractions. Ce modèle est destiné à orienter et à éclairer la psychothérapie EMDR auprès des auteurs de violences sexuelles. Un exemple de cas illustre la mise en oeuvre de ce processus thérapeutique. Une liste de contrôle des éléments moteurs des infractions est fournie pour aider à la conceptualisation de cas et au traitement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]