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Highlights: • Despite external pressure, there was a space for political discussion in the class, at least in the first weeks of the invasion • Teachers’ approaches differed based on their priorities: emotional support, democratic civic education, teacher-student relationships, political proselytism, or avoidance. • Attending to students’ private emotions came into conflict with postering their political passions • High professional status and strong school community support teachers in taking responsibility in times of crisis Purpose: This study investigates teachers’ professional judgement about Russia’s war on Ukraine as an unplanned, controversial classroom issue. Design: It employs 26 interviews with Russian teachers collected during the invasion's first month. Findings: The analysis identifies six situations and five teaching approaches that emerged in response to these, with varying degrees of student voice and political commitment. The inclusion of student voice is limited by perceived student passivity, lack of skill, and political disagreement with students. Satisfaction with the status quo, lack of social status, and fear of harming students were obstacles to pursuing political commitment. Research implications: By exploring the dynamics of depoliticisation in the classroom, this article adds to the literature on the co-construction of authoritarianism in Russia. It also highlights practices of resistance and ‘everyday politics’ stemming from teacher professionalism as a function of individual and structural factors.

The aim of this article is to analyse teachers’ beliefs on integrating multilingual linguistic landscapes into the plurilingual language classroom. In an empirical study, a focus group interview was conducted with teachers of Spanish, French and Latin who have worked with linguistic landscapes in the realm of a language project day. Since teachers have generally positive beliefs towards plurilingualism, it remains underexplored what beliefs underlie their perspectives, namely heteroglossic and/or monoglossic perspectives. Using discourse and content analysis, beliefs can be placed on a continuum from a heteroglossic perspective (on plurilingual groups, interdisciplinarity and connecting languages) to a monoglossic perspective (on the special status of certain languages). Within this continuum, there are tensions in terms of ideologies, school structures, and teachers’ critical awareness that have the potential to lead to the co-construction of knowledge and learner-centred pedagogies.

Inclusion has been a topic of conversation in recent years since the need to integrate all students equally in ordinary classrooms has caused this boom in the educational community. In the context of English language teaching, teachers sometimes happen to have students with visual impairment. This disability has a negative impact English because it does not allow students to complete learning activities in the same way the rest of the students would. Therefore, this study focuses on visual impairment, and its objective is to explore what teachers' beliefs are regarding the opportunities for students with visual impairment to learn English and their inclusion in their classrooms. Data was collected through interviews, gathering comprehensive information about participants' beliefs regarding the English learning opportunities of these students and their inclusion within their classes. Data analysis was performed by coding interview responses and identifying specific patterns that were related to research questions that might be useful for the study. The study shows that there is insufficient information and training for teachers so there is a need to deeply understand their own beliefs to act wisely, strengthen inclusion, continue to provide the same opportunities and consolidate the way teachers interact with students with visual impairments. on learning

Taking into account that traditional foreign language teaching is being moved to a virtual environment, the obligations of teachers are changing constantly. Their main tasks are to accept new technologies and develop their digital literacy. However, whether teachers will apply ICT in teaching practice depends on their personal and pedagogical attitudes and beliefs. When teachers’ attitudes and beliefs are positive, new technologies become one of their important teaching materials. The opposite of this, with negative attitudes and beliefs about applying ICT in teaching, teachers reject them and do not enable students to acquire new skills and knowledge in a virtual environment. In that sense, we wanted to examine the foreign language teachers’ attitudes about the use of ICT digital tools in Serbia. The results are obtained by the inferential analysis which is used to confirm or refute hypothesis about the possible conditioning of the identified factors. The results showed that positive attitudes of teachers have a positive effect on learning in a digital environment, but also that positive attitudes increase significantly with their education for the use of ICT. Finally, it was shown that teachers employed at the university have more negative attitudes about the advantages of language learning in a digital environment, in contrast to teachers employed in primary and secondary schools and in foreign language schools. In support of this, it is observed that training in this field is also necessary for teachers who work at faculties in order to increase awareness of the value of new technologies in the teaching process.

Modern subject didactics of the mother tongue postulates that the fundamental goal of teaching the mother tongue is the communication goal and that grammar instruction has a supporting function in the development of communication skills. However, research into teaching processes shows that grammatical-normative and formal-cognitive approaches to the language curriculum predominate to a large extent in practice, and that the teaching grammar is understood as an end in itself, rather than as a means. The causes of this fact are various, but especially from international research it can be concluded that what are known as the subjective theories of teachers (teachers’ beliefs) have a significant influence. Our goal is to explore this phenomenon in the reality of the Czech school. In the article we will present the results of two pilot probes focused on the teacher's concept of the communication-functional approach and on the position of grammar in language education.

The aim of this contribution is to extend a survey conducted in 2019 on oral teaching practices in the classroom. Specifically, we address here: (1) teachers' beliefs about oral language and its teaching; (2) their self-efficacy to do so; (3) oral situations for which teachers believe students should be competent in oral language; (4) what they say they do about oral language in the classroom; and (5) reasons that may inhibit them from carrying out activities where oral language is taught. In addition, we were interested in whether responses to these questions differed between preschool and primary school teachers. The quantitative analyses conducted on the basis of the responses to a questionnaire showed that certain similarities exist between the teachers of the two "groups": they find it important to work on and teach oral language in the classroom and they are confident in their ability to teach it. Their top 4 oral situations that should be privileged in the classroom are "summarizing information, explaining a process of reasoning, expressing emotions and rephrasing an instruction". Nevertheless, differences were also highlighted, such as the fact that oral language is taught less in primary school than in preschool. The qualitative analyses conducted with primary teachers identified five reasons for this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports findings from an investigation into migrant and non-migrant origin pre-service teachers’ beliefs about multilingualism and the relationship between their linguistic trajectories as students and how they perceive themselves as future teachers. We analize the beliefs of around seventy pre-service teachers taking part in a university course, collected through an individual reflection tool based on a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) and a group discussion in which students had to discuss their ideas and create a collective document. In this article we focus on the discourse of four pre-service teachers, two of whom had migration backgrounds and two of whom who did not. Findings suggest that pre-service teachers’ life and learning experiences contribute to different emotions and feeling about language and teaching in a multilingual setting. They also influence the perception the pre-service teachers have of themselves as future teachers. Pre-service teachers regard the preparation received at the university negatively and express insecurities. Findings illustrate that migrant origin pre-service teachers feel more prepared in the sense they believe that their migration experience can help to understand newcoming students and be empathic with them.

This paper aims to explore EFL teachers’ beliefs of learner autonomy and their teaching practices to promote autonomous learning in the classroom. The participants are 33English teachers at Setif2University. For data collection, an adapted questionnaire is used and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The findings reveal that the majority of teachers understand learning autonomy and its influential role in language learning. However, they are negative about the feasibility of some of learning autonomy principles such as involving students in decision-making about objectives of the course, learning assessment and classroom management. Although teachers are cautious about their roles in promoting learning autonomy, they report that they actually provide learners with a range of opportunities to enhance their autonomous learning inside and outside the classroom. The paper reveals and discusses some of the challenges for promoting learning autonomy along with the pedagogical implications for teachers, learners and policy makers.

Understanding teachers’ beliefs is critical to improving educational practice. There is a significant need for research on foreign language teachers’ pedagogical beliefs, as these can exert an influence on students’ learning outcomes. This study draws on Kember’s (1997) theorization of teaching beliefs to explore the beliefs of Spanish language teachers regarding their pedagogy in Chinese universities. Twenty teachers from the Spanish departments in eight Chinese universities were recruited as participants, and a Q-methodology analysis with supplementary interview data identified three types of pedagogical beliefs: “integrated capacity-building”, “ELE learning outcome-focused”, and “social interaction-focused”. The findings suggest that ELE teachers in China no longer subscribe to the traditional teaching methodology which places themselves at the class center, and have instead progressed along a continuum from teacher-centeredness to student-centeredness. With a novel focus on Spanish teachers’ beliefs in Chinese universities, this study provides insights into the teaching of languages other than English (LOTEs) in China, and helps to expand the methodological repertoire in the field of linguistic research.

This theoretical paper first explores how English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) teachers’ beliefs impact their delivery of textbook content. In response to this important pedagogical relationship, as well as the trend of de-contextualized teaching in EFL settings, this paper argues for the compatibility of systemic functional linguistics (SFL) as an intervention tool to shape teachers’ beliefs and facilitate their deconstruction of textbook content in terms of the co-play between language form (i.e., grammar/vocabulary) and meaning representations. The paper ends with pedagogical strategies for pre-service and in-service EFL teacher education, enabling teachers to conceptualize the dynamic relationship between language form and meaning embedded in textbook content and to enact contextualized instruction in textbook-based classrooms.

Although in recent years a great number of studies have been conducted on the use of communicative language teaching (clt) in English as a foreign language (efl) settings, relatively few have specifically dealt with comparing and con-trasting the foreign language teacher’s beliefs with those of their own students concerning the clt approach. Hence, this study was designed to delve into teach-ers’ beliefs and learners’ beliefs regarding six main tenets of the communicative approach within the efl context of Iran. To this end, a Likert-type attitude scale was developed and administered to 154 teachers and 242 learners of English. The results revealed that although both groups of participants held favorable attitudes toward clt, teacher participants had significantly higher levels of perception regarding clt tenets in terms of the role of grammar, the learner’s role, the teach-er’s role, and error correction/evaluation. However, no significant differences were found between language learners and teachers concerning group/pair work and native language role. The participants’ favorable attitudes were taken to indi-cate positive signals for the implementation of clt in the Iranian context because its core tenets seem to be welcomed in the context of this study.

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This text presents a multi-case study focused on 5th and 6th grades’ (10 - 12 years-old students) teachers’ beliefs and practices towards the process of teaching and learning grammar. Current practices of grammar instruction are connected to prescriptive approaches, outdated, disconnected from linguistic theory, and ineffective at improving communicative skills. Research has revealed that to promote real changes in practices it is important to act upon all the dimensions of teachers’ professional knowledge, including tacit phenomena, like beliefs, by means of professional training and development. The recent modification of the Portuguese Language curriculum reflects a new paradigm in grammar teaching, based upon a constructivist approach. Therefore, it is relevant to know how teachers implement it and how what they think about teaching grammar affects their practices.Data analysis revealed inconsistencies between beliefs and practices, leading to the conclusion that teachers have difficulties facing the required adjustment to the emerging paradigm.

En este artículo convergen tres ejes temáticos de la investigación actual en didáctica de lenguas: las creencias de los docentes, la formación de profesores y la enseñanza de la pronunciación en ELE. El objetivo de este trabajo es exponer y sacar a la luz cuáles son las creencias sobre la enseñanza de la pronunciación de los profesores de ELE que se están formando hoy en día y evidenciar cómo se entiende y qué problemas plantea, aún en la actualidad, dicha didáctica. Este trabajo es parte de la tesis doctoral que lleva por título “Creencias de los profesores de E/LE sobre la enseñanza / aprendizaje de la pronunciación”, defendida en febrero de 2008 en la Universitat de Barcelona.