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This social activity is to give low-income children a chance to let the, understand the evolution of Chinese characters, hope through this activity, can attract the group of children to have more interested in other language, especially Chinese language. To understand the Chinese culture, no longer discriminate against the Indonesian Chinese culture. Evidence of discrimination against Chinese Indonesians can be found throughout the history of Indonesia, although government policies implemented since 1998 have attempted to redress this. Due to this discrimination, Chinese Indonesians have suffered an identity crisis, unable to be accepted by both native Chinese and native Indonesians. With this program, there is a hope to bridge the differences that exist with the introduction of the Chinese character on poor children in Surabaya, to let them more understand about Chinese language and the culture behind. And create a better relationship for the next generation in Indonesia. After the progress, we asking the children about this program, and they said they love it and wish to know more about China and their culture.

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Summary: The author makes a brief review of literature on the question of the agitation of the toddlers, between 1year and 3years. The principal hypothesis is that the agitation results from sufferings that are not contained and thought by the toddlers and that he/she tries to expulse by the way of action or motor function, according to his/her age. The main psychoanalytical approach uses also the relevant of the attachment theory and neurosciences. The analysis approaches successively three points, the report of the existence of this behavior and its relationships with the disorders of the child, the specificity of the relational care of this agitation and finally the characteristics of the baby''s representations, according to its age. The agitation behaviors become more clearly during the second year of the toddler. With longitudinal studies, the theory of attachment shows that emotional insecurity of the toddlers would be at the origin of hyperactivity or disruptive behavior disorders of the child. The current psychoanalytical approaches are based on the idea that agitation comes from precocious sufferings. The parent–baby therapies and the interventions in day care underline the importance of the intersubjectivity: the place of parents and of the entire family, as well as the role of the receptive attention and the linking work with the toddlers’ environment. The relevant of the development and neurosciences show that we have to take into account the place of the stage of opposition during the age of 2years as well as the role of the representations of action. The infant has very different possibilities of expression according to its age, its history, its representative use of action, motor function or language, and according to the intensity of its suffering which can become him violent. The linking and containing work must adjust these possibilities. In conclusion, the agitation of toddlers has never an unilateral meaning, it results from determinations rather: structural, if there is an impingement of the self, the failure of the primary object, the insecure or disorganized attachment; temporary, according to the period of development, the building of the psychic envelopes and the way reserved for action in its representative capacities; reaction if an event of life became without representation. These sufferings can increase, stay or quieted down according to the adjustment of different answers and care. This complexity could announce the further associations between attention-deficit, oppositional defiant disorders and conduct disorders. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: State of the art: Coping with immunization stress in infants and toddlers has several implications. First, it helps to prevent that parents avoid immunizations for their children. Second, it allows lowering the pain due to the injection itself. Third, it prevents children to live the medical exam as a traumatic experience. However, literature in this domain is scarce and most often devoted to children aged of 6 years and beyond. The aim of this paper is to operate a synthesis of the existing researches in order to highlight the variables upon which practitioners may act upon to help children to cope with the stress of the immunization. Method: We propose in this paper a review of the research literature by selecting prominent references in the scientific databases (e.g. PsycInfo, PubMed, Google Scholar). Results: Fundamental researches have shown that children coping in medical settings depends on individual (e.g. temperament) and relational (e.g. attachment) factors. Applied researches have allowed to test preparatory procedures at a physiological (e.g. topical anesthetics) or at a psychological level (e.g. distraction). They show that the parent may be coached to help the child to cope with the immunization stress. Conclusion: The synthesis of the researches shows the overall efficacy of preparatory procedures. There is however an individual variability depending on the regulation skills of the child and of the parent, and on their attachment relationship. Practitioners should take these factors into account to choose which preparatory procedure, if any, is to be applied. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective: This paper presents the psychometric properties of the French adaptation of the Infant Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA), named the Évaluation sociale et émotionnelle de jeunes enfants (ESEJE). Methods: The French adaptation involved translation and back translation and was administered to 179 parents in pediatric well-baby centers and 115 parents in child care centers. Confirmatory factor analyses were employed to assess for latent factor structure and model fit was assessed using three standard fit indices. Analysis of variance examined age and gender effects on mean domain and scale scores. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses supported a comparable latent factor structure to that reported for the ITSEA. All domains and most scales show adequate intrascale reliability. Certain age and gender effects on mean score differed from those reported for the US sample. Conclusion: Our preliminary results indicate that the ESEJE shares the same latent factor structure as its English counterpart and may be a promising tool for the early detection of problem behaviors and delays in the acquisition of competencies in a French population. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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Growth monitoring is an essential part of paediatric health care, from birth through adolescence. Growth and nutritional problems often occur between 18 months and three years of age. Health care professionals involved in the care of children need to follow growth closely in this period, be able to evaluate a toddler whose growth seems to be faltering, and know when and how to intervene.

The majority of children between one and five years of age who are brought in by their parents for refusing to eat are healthy and have an appetite that is appropriate for their age and growth rate. Unrealistic parental expectations may result in unnecessary concern, and inappropriate threats or punishments may aggravate a child's refusal to eat. A detailed history and general physical examination are necessary to rule out acute and chronic illnesses. A food diary and assessment of parental expectations about eating behaviour should be completed. Where the child's 'refusal' to eat is found to be related to unrealistic expectations, parents should be reassured and counselled about the normal growth and development of children at this age.