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Copyright of Praehistorische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Languages for Specific Purposes is the property of University of Oradea, Faculty of Economic Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the first decade of the 20th century Russians enjoyed a predominant position on Mount Athos. There were more Russian monks than Greek, their monastic establishments had turned into flourishing economic enterprises, flooded with pilgrims, the mainstay of the venture. The intention of this paper is to study the origin and the social, cultural and political bases of this apparent success, to trace influences of governmental and ecclesiastic bureaucracies, and to find out, if there were attempts at transforming this position of soft power into a firm stronghold of imperial politics. The infrastructure organised for providing transport, shelter and food, as well as the pilgrims' temporal and spiritual experiences were points of equal interest. Besides the rich scholarly literature, the main sources used for this study were published correspondences, diaries and memoirs, materials from contemporary periodicals, and especially the travellers' and pilgrims' reports. After Russia's defeat in the Crimean War Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich had conceived the encouragement of pilgrimage to Mount Athos as part of a wider scheme for regaining lost imperial positions in the Christian East. Yet open hostility of the Greek, and more covert opposition of the Russian monks caused the failure of a program, fairly successful in Palestine, on Mount Athos. Instead, the Russian monks could develop a network of their own, satisfying the pilgrims' temporal and spiritual needs right from their starting points in Russia up to the "Celestial Queen's terrestrial appanage". According to the regulations of Mount Athos all these services were provided free of charge. With donations of the pious from all layers of Russian society, however, the "Russian Athos" turned out a to be tremendous economic success, independent of government subsidies and influences. Governmental offices and ecclesiastic hierarchy with few exceptions kept a distrustful distance from this achievement of Russian civil society, which Greek jealousy nicknamed "peasants' empire". Far from making use of this cultural asset in the Eastern Mediterranean, the bureaucracy of the established church, helped by official diplomacy, initiated the collapse of the "Russian Athos" even before World War I, and the Bolshevik seizure of power broke its lifeline connecting it with Russian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jahrbuch der Europäischen Integration is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ved. bhari means 'to stamp, to trample'. This meaning confirms the disputed relationship with Hitt. parh-mi 'to chase, to hunt' and its derivation from PIE *bherh2-. The Hittite text KUB 35.145 mentions the god Perwa- beside parhant- 'chased' in a characteristic situation. Therefore it is possible that Perwa- and parh-mi are also related. Under these circumstances the most likely reconstruction of Perwa- is *bhḗrh2o- (or *bhérh2o-) 'the chasing one', denoting a god of wild animals. In this regard it is remarkable that all three, bhari, parh-mi and Perwa-, are connected with horses. The laryngeal in *bhḗrh2ohas been deleted like in *h1erh2eh2 > *h1ereh2 > *erā in Gr. ἔραζε 'on the earth'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A number of designations for diseases, medicines and human body structures derive from classical mythology. To date, these eponyms have not been systematically investigated., Objectives: This paper provides an overview of this fringe component of medical vocabulary, looks at the history of several terms and formulates hypotheses as to why such creative etymologies have come into being., Materials and Methods: In addition to relevant texts on ancient mythology, a variety of medical textbooks from the early modern period were analyzed., Results: Between the 16th and the 20th centuries some 30 figures from Greek and Roman literature made their way into the terminology of medical sciences. A few of these expressions can be encountered in clinical use (e. g., Caput Medusae, Proteus, Oedipus complex) and remain official anatomical (atlas, Achilles tendon) or pharmaceutical nomenclature (atropine, morphine). The choice of these designations has often been similarity of form or analogies in function. Classical eponyms have gained acceptance on account of their succinctness, conciseness and scholarly veneer. Finally, this vocabulary shares its origin with other relevant terminology., Conclusions: In clinical classes, mythological designations can serve as a point of departure for digressions into literary, art and medical history in order to provide an understanding of cultural traditions and enhance education.