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In many cases sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disease that requires interdisciplinary medical cooperation in the diagnostics, treatment and medical care during follow-up. Due to the often chronic course, it is of utmost importance to include patients with their priorities and wishes at an early stage and extensively in disease management and to establish a shared decision making whenever possible. In the process of writing this joint position paper, the expert group on interstitial and orphan lung diseases of the Austrian Society for Pulmonology and the working group on rheumatological lung disorders of the Austrian Society for Rheumatology and Rehabilitation sought to include patient advocacy groups as well as experts for rare organ manifestations of sarcoidosis. This position paper is not only meant to reflect current scientific and clinical standards but should also focus the national expertise and by networking and exchange to be a first step to strengthen cooperation between stakeholders to ultimately improve care for patients with sarcoidosis., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

People living with diabetes mellitus can be supported in the daily management by diabetes technology with automated insulin delivery (AID) systems to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia and improve glycemic control as well as the quality of life. Due to barriers in the availability of AID-systems, the use and development of open-source AID-systems have internationally increased. This technology provides a necessary alternative to commercially available products, especially when approved systems are inaccessible or insufficiently adapted to the specific needs of the users. Open-source technology is characterized by worldwide free availability of codes on the internet, is not officially approved and therefore the use is on the individual's own responsibility. In the clinical practice a lack of expertise with open-source AID technology and concerns about legal consequences, lead to conflict situations for health-care professionals (HCP), sometimes resulting in the refusal of care of people living with diabetes mellitus. This position paper provides an overview of the available evidence and practical guidance for HCP to minimize uncertainties and barriers. People living with diabetes mellitus must continue to be supported in education and diabetes management, independent of the chosen diabetes technology including open-source technology. Check-ups of the metabolic control, acute and chronic complications and screening for diabetes-related diseases are necessary and should be regularly carried out, regardless of the chosen AID-system and by a multidisciplinary team with appropriate expertise., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Cannabis is the illegal drug most frequently used by Minors in Austria. Due to the gradual decriminalization and legalization that has taken place in many European countries in recent years, the ÖGKJP would like to take a balanced and scientifically based stand on the complex issue of cannabis use and abuse among young people., Methods: The authors searched the medline for current studies using searches tailored to each specific subtopic. Furthermore, recognized compendiums were quoted., Results: While occasional recreational use of cannabis in adults with completed brain maturation and no risk profile for mental disorders is likely to be relatively harmless, early initiation of use with regular use and the increasingly available, highly potent cannabis varieties can lead to explicit and sometimes irreversible neurocognitive brain dysfunction., Conclusion: Legalisation of cannabis consumption for minors needs to be objected to due to the risks of the expected damage in the area of brain development. At the same time, however, it is important to establish sensible legal regulations in order to be able to adequately counteract the fact that over 30% of all European young people occasionally consume cannabis. We are also clearly recommending to not criminalize cannabis users and provide necessary support to vulnerable and addicted cannabis users., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

The humanized monoclonal anti-α4β7-integrin-antibody vedolizumab is one of several biologic therapeutic options in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Within the VISIBLE trial program, a novel subcutaneous application route was evaluated in addition to the already established intravenous form. In this position statement, the working group "Inflammatory Bowel Diseases" of the Austrian Society for Gastroenterology and Hepatology (OEGGH) summarizes the evidence regarding the subcutaneous application of vedolizumab. This work supplements a position paper on the value of vedolizumab as a first-line biologic that has already been published and offers useful recommendations for clinical practice., Competing Interests: Die Autoren erklären, dass die Erstellung dieses Positionspapieres finanziell von TAKEDA Austria unterstützt wurde und dass der Erstautor (S.R.) innerhalb der letzten 3 Jahre Vortragshonorare von TAKEDA Austria erhalten hat., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

The treatment of peripheral nerve pathologies requires a rapid and precise diagnosis. However, the correct identification of nerve pathologies is often difficult and valuable time is lost in the process. In this position paper of the German-Speaking Group for Microsurgery of Peripheral Nerves and Vessels (DAM), we describe the current evidence for various perioperative diagnostics for the detection of traumatic peripheral nerve lesions or compression syndromes. In detail, we evaluated the importance of clinical examinations, electrophysiology, nerve ultrasound and magnetic resonance neurography. Additionally, we surveyed our members for their diagnostic approach in this regard. The statements are based on a consensus workshop on the 42nd meeting of the DAM in Graz, Austria., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Public safety (prevention of accidents) is the primary objective in assessing fitness to drive a motor vehicle. However, general access to mobility should not be restricted if there is no particular risk to public safety. For people with diabetes mellitus, the Führerscheingesetz (Driving Licence Legislation) and the Führerscheingesetz-Gesundheitsverordnung (Driving Licence Legislation Health enactment) regulate important aspects of driving safety in connection with acute and chronic complications of the disease. Critical complications that may be relevant to road safety include severe hypoglycemia, pronounced hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia perception disorder as well as severe retinopathy and neuropathy, endstage renal disease and certain cardiovascular manifestations. If there is a suspicion of the presence of one of these complications, a detailed evaluation is required.In addition, the individual antihyperglycemic medication should be checked for existing potential for hypoglycemia. Sulfonylureas, glinides and insulin belong to this group and are therefore associated with the requirement of a 5-year limitation of the driver's license. Other antihyperglycemic drugs without potential for hypoglycemia such as Metformin, SGLT‑2 inhibitors (Sodium-dependent-glucose-transporter‑2 inhibitors, gliflozins), DPP-4-inhibitors (Dipeptidyl-Peptidase inhibitors, gliptins), and GLP‑1 analogues (GLP‑1 rezeptor agonists) are not associated with such a time limitation.The relevant laws which regulate driving safety give room for interpretation, so that specific topics on driving safety for people with diabetes mellitus are elaborated from a medical and traffic-relevant point of view. This position paper is intended to support people involved in this challenging matter., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Epidemiological investigations have shown that approximately 2-3% of all Austrians have diabetes mellitus with renal involvement, leaving 250,000 people in Austria affected. The risk of occurrence and progression of this disease can be attenuated by lifestyle interventions as well as optimization of blood pressure, blood glucose control and special drug classes. The present article represents the joint recommendations of the Austrian Diabetes Association and the Austrian Society of Nephrology for the diagnostic and treatment strategies of diabetic kidney disease., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

The article informs on the restoration of two turbines at the hydroelectric power station Kaplan turbines at the Sappi paper mill in Gratkorn, Austria by Geppert GmbH. It mentions that optimizations were also implemented on the generators, and the result is an increase in performance in the upper single-digit percentage range and a significantly improved environmental compatibility of the system.

The article highlights the discussion regarding the influx of refugees from Hungary, measures to maintain neutrality, coordination with international organizations, and potential appeals to other countries for assistance. It mentions rumors of Austria's involvement in violating neutrality by supporting the Hungarian uprising through the smuggling of military personnel and volunteers.

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This paper deals with a manuscript (Codex XI. 533) that was recently „rediscovered" in the library of the monastery of St. Florian. The codex contains annals of the Pauline monastery of Unterranna from 1663– 1678. The content of these annals is very diverse and includes both the events of the respective years as well as various other materials, for example visitation protocols, indulgence letters and foundation lists. The manuscript probably originated during the course of the attempts by Benedict Leipolt (prior of the monastery at the time) to initiate pilgrimages, hence the manuscript is of particular importance on this subject. This paper contains a general introduction to the Pauline order in Austria, deals with the early modern history of the Pauline monastery of Unterranna and describes external and, briefly, internal features of the manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The e-prescription was introduced in Austria in 2022 and digitizes the prescription process in the healthcare system. The introduction of the e-prescription poses special challenges and risks, which are examined in the article from various perspectives. The e-prescription replaces the previous paper prescription and is intended to increase efficiency and improve data quality. The prescription process is carried out electronically from the prescription to the billing, with the relevant information being stored in the administrative system. The e-prescription can be redeemed using an e-card or QR code, and reimbursement is done exclusively electronically. The e-prescription enables the electronic prescribing of medications in Austria. The pharmacy electronically records the data and forwards it to the social insurance companies on a daily basis. However, there are certain areas where the e-prescription cannot be used, such as for long-term anesthetics. The system currently only applies to medications reimbursed by the social insurance companies. Data protection plays an important role in the digitization of the healthcare system, and appropriate technical and organizational measures must be taken to ensure an adequate level of protection. A risk analysis shows that the electronic prescription (e-prescription) provides effective security measures against dangers such as unauthorized access or forgery. As part of the Health Telematics Act, a closed network has been established to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of personal data. The e-prescription is considered more forgery-proof than the traditional paper prescription and can only be redeemed once. To prevent abuse, information about the patient and the issuer must be included, and the prescription must be electronically signed. Although there were initially difficulties, around 1.2 million e-prescriptions have already been issued and the system is largely implemented. The e-prescription is an important step towards digital health management, but further modernizations are still required. The Vienna Medical Chamber provides information on the topic of e-prescriptions on its website. There is also an FAQ document that answers questions about the e-prescription. There is excitement about the new e-prescription, as reported on orf.at. The electronic health record ELGA also provides information on digitization in healthcare. [Extracted from the article]

Der Beitrag soll zeigen, welche fortgeschrittenen bibliometrischen und szientometrischen Daten für ein bewährtes Sample von 104 österreichischen Politikwissenschaftler*innen und 51 transnationalen Verlagsunternehmen enge statistische Beziehungen zwischen Indikatoren der Präsenz von Wissenschaftler*innen und transnationalen Verlagsunternehmen in den akademischen Lehrveranstaltungen der Welt (Classroom Citation, gemessen mit Open Syllabus) und anderen, herkömmlicheren bibliometrischen und szientometrischen Indikatoren (Libcitation gemessen mit dem OCLC Worldcat, sowie der H-Index der Zitierung in den vom System Scopus erfassten Fachzeitschriften der Welt bzw. dem Book Citation Index) bestehen. Die statistischen Berechnungen zeigen, basierend auf den Faktorenanalysen, die engen statistischen Beziehungen zwischen diesen Dimensionen. Diese Ergebnisse sind insbesondere in den Tabellen 5 und 9 dieser Arbeit (Komponentenkorrelationen) ableitbar. Die multivariaten Rankings, die auf den mit den Eigenwerten gewichteten Factorscores beruhen, zeigen in der Tabelle 6, welche 15 österreichischen Politikwissenschaftler*innen sich auf den Weltmärkten der Wissenschaften am besten bewährten. Außerdem zeigen diese Methoden in Tabelle 10 auch, dass die im Beitrag analysierten führenden akademischen Verlage der Welt insbesondere für Wissenschaftler*innen der jüngeren Generation gute Weggefährten sein werden, um in Zeiten institutioneller und finanzieller Unsicherheit die Ergebnisse der Wissenschaft verlässlich um den Globus zu verbreiten und die akademischen Karrieren zu befördern. The paper presents advanced bibliometric and scientometric data collected on a tried sample of 104 Austrian political scientists and 51 transnational publishing companies that reveal close statistical links between indicators of a strong presence of scientists and transnational publishing companies in academic teaching classes across the globe (Classroom Citation measured using Open Syllabus) and other, more traditional bibliometric and scientometric indicators (Libcitation measured using OCLC Worldcat and the H-index of citations in specialist journals worldwide, or the Book Citation Index, both monitored by the Scopus system). The statistical calculations, based on factor analysis, show a close statistical relationship between these dimensions. Tables 5 and 9 in this paper (component correlations) corroborate the findings. The multivariant rankings based on eigenvalue factor scores in Table 6 show the 15 Austrian political scientists who proved most successful in the global scientific market. Moreover, the methods in Table 10 indicate that, for early-career scientists, the globally leading academic publishers analysed in this paper are reliable partners in the dissemination of scientific findings across the globe and the promotion of academic careers in a period of institutional and financial uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper deals with the morpho-syntactic variation of subjunctive II in Bavarian dialect regions of (former) Austria and focuses on language dynamics. The broad empirical basis comes from two different corpora: The first corpus consists of data from the "Dictionary of Bavarian dialects in Austria" (WBÖ), reflecting the base dialects of the first half of the 20th century. These data are supplemented by recent oral data that were elicited in project part 03 "Speech repertoires and varietal spectra" of the Special Research Programme "German in Austria. Variation -- Contact -- Perception" (DiÖ). Combining WBÖ and DiÖ, PP03 data, a real time comparison is carried out. For additional apparent time evidence, the internal variation within the two datasets is taken into account: While in the WBÖ data different registers are compared, variation in the DiÖ, PP03 data is analyzed with respect to different registers and different speaker groups (old vs. young). The WBÖ and the DiÖ, PP03 data provide empirical evidence that the -ad-marker that was initially restricted to weak verbs has exceeded its domain and is universally compatible with all verb classes. In connection with this, there is a decrease of strong synthetic subjunctive II forms. The real time as well as the apparent time findings indicate an increase of analytic subjunctive II constructions at the cost of synthetic forms. Furthermore, we find an expansion of the werdenperiphrasis, while the number of tun-subjunctives declines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until today, variation and change in the use of subjunctive II variants in the dialects of Austria have been poorly studied. Largely neglected by traditional dialectology, even more recent studies neither consider all dialect regions of Austria, nor do they go into detail about intra-linguistic factors. Furthermore, an integration into morpho-syntactic theories of language change is missing. This paper addresses the above-mentioned desiderata. Using an apparent-time design, it intends to uncover linguistic, geographical, and sociolinguistic factors of variation and change in the use of subjunctive II variants in Austria's dialects. In order to achieve these goals, a comprehensive corpus of direct dialect recordings is analysed by means of various quantitative methods (cluster analyses, factor analyses, mixed variance analyses). Data are based on the dialect translations of 21 verb forms by 163 speakers from 40 locations (3,430 tokens). Overall, results show that periphrastic variants spread in the Austrian dialects, in particular periphrastic forms with the täte-auxiliary. Meanwhile, synthetic forms lose importance (both strong and weak synthetic forms). Moreover, results reveal significant verb-related differences which cannot be explained by their belonging to inflectional classes, as previous studies suggested. Instead, the 21 verbs studied can be divided into six clusters reflecting different stages in the spread of periphrastic forms. In terms of linguistic geography, Austria is divided into three parts with regard to subjunctive II variation: an Alemannic region in the west, a northwestern Bavarian area, and a south-eastern Bavarian area. With respect to sociolinguistic factors, gender is hardly a relevant factor, whereas age turns out to be decisive. Younger speakers use periphrastic forms more often and synthetic variants less often. Finally, these empirical findings will be discussed against the background of the theory of Natural Morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 1940s to 1960s, the German Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) had a relatively high proportion of former Nazis among its employees. Reasons were a system of uncontrolled chain recruitment and the initially high esteem of "expertise" acquired in wartime. By taking over personnel from various agencies of the Third Reich, the BND acquired various inherent dangers for the institution and its public perception. This biographical micro-study explores, how a Nazi past was assessed within the BND during the Cold War. The process of evaluating individual incriminations allows conclusions about the BND's general perception of staff continuities between the Third Reich and the Federal Republic. Herbert Kukuk was an enthusiastic Nazi who made his career in central institutions of the NSDAP. The BND accepted that the 1947 hired employee provided only scanty information about his past and also tolerated obvious contradictions. This was typical for dealing with the Nazi past and did not change when perceptions in society regarding the recent past and the integration of former Nazis changed in the 1960s. Although Kukuk's pre-1945 occupations were known, he was consistently well evaluated and promoted. The Kukuk case makes clear that in the BND, awareness of the Nazi burden set in much later than in West German society, and the learning process, which the BND authorities followed hesitantly, dragged on until the 1980s. Methodologically, this paper emphasizes that biographical micro-studies can provide information about the evaluation criteria state authorities in West Germany and Austria after 1945 applied to an occupational biography during the Third Reich, and thus about changing perceptions regarding the integration of the Nazi functional elites in post-war societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper investigates discursive structures of spoken language in formal and informal communication settings (almost 62 hours of recorded time) of urban speakers in Austria's two biggest cities Vienna and Graz and their surroundings. We focus on so-called bipartite "Operator- Skopus-Strukturen" ('operator-scope-structures'), examining their pragmatic and discourse organising function within specific conversational situations. Our main aim is to offer in-depth analyses of these structures by characterising the mental and communicative status of such utterances. Starting out with a discussion of characteristics of spoken language research, especially by arguing for the replacement of the grammatical concept of sentences with the interactional concept of turn-constructional units, we address the phenomenon of discourse markers and Operator-Skopus-Strukturen in particular. This is followed by the description of our data set and the subsequent analyses and discussion of the selected examples. According to our findings, Operator-Skopus-Strukturen appear in both conversational settings and among all groups of speakers. We demonstrate that all speakers use the structures with the same pragmatic function of giving information to their conversation partner on how to interpret and understand the message behind the utterance. Within this scope, the speaker's intention can vary depending on the conversation partner, the topic of the conversation or the situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Nachhaltigkeitsrecht is the property of Verlag Oesterreich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)