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This paper investigates the role of USA in promoting of economic order (Ordoliberalism) in Germany after the second world war and further its impact on the bottom- up process of Europeanization. Moreover, the United States of America as a modern federation has become an inspiration for European federation concepts. The main hypothesis is contained in the statement that the depart from the policy of order by the USA has been disastrous for international order. The consequence of this was financial and economic crisis, which further deepened the EU and EMU disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ÖZP - Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft is the property of Oesterreichische Zeitschrift fur Politikwissenschaft and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on recent critiques of securitisation, this paper takes on the concept of "networked security" recently propagated by the German Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development. The authors demonstrate the explicit ascendancy of the military in strategies based on these conceptions which are exemplified by Cicil Military Cooperation (CIMIC). However, in contrast to official claims to the novelty of such cooperation, the basic tenets of CIMIC can be traced to the counterinsurgency strategies of the 1950s and 1960s. Here, Project Camelot - a particularly salient example of military and civic collaboration - is highlighted as a case in which the consequences of military funding and agenda setting have been well-exposed and from which lessons have been drawn. Following, this paper shows how current cases of military-civil collaboration in the field of developmental practice can be detrimental to the causes of humanitarian as well as development aid - as is amply documented, in particular, by interventions of concerned NGO representatives, who highlight the risks and predicaments incurred by being regimented into the role of "development gendarmes". Finally, the prospects for a critical turn, which would involve opting out of the logic of subservience to the military and a fundamental revision of the underlying concepts of development, are sketched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To mitigate the dangerous impacts of climate change, anthropogenic CO2 emissions must be reduced drastically. In this context, carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) has been increasingly considered as an option. As a part of the energy and climate change package, the EU has for the first time provided a comprehensive legal framework for the regulation of CCS at the national level. CCS can also be implemented under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol, which allows industrial countries to fulfil part of their emission reduction targets in developing countries. This paper explores this option, illustrating how elements of the legal framework proposed for CDM projects in the EU could be utilised, assuming CCS is approved for the CDM. Demonstration of large-scale feasibility and long-term security of storage is still lacking, however. The German Advisory Council on Environment therefore calls for a new law addressing research instead of comprehensive regulation of commercial use under the CCS directive of the EU. To nonetheless provide developing countries with access to CCS technology, promotion as part of technology transfer agreements is a possible alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about several papers discussed at the conference "The Transnational Significance of the American Civil War: A Global History," held at Friedrich-Schiller-University in Jena, Germany from September 15 to September 18, 2011, is presented. Topics include the founding of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, U.S. cotton in the global economy, and the impact of the U.S. Civil War on Latin America. Speakers included scholars Nicola Miller, Brian Schoen, and Axel Jansen.

The establishment of a military command for Africa (US AFRICOM) symbolizes the radical repositioning of the US military. Facilitated by the consensus in contemporary Western foreign policies - that there can be no development without security - over the last ten years the US military has expanded its activities into civilian domains including development and conflict prevention. As a reaction to the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, recent US military doctrines on counterinsurgency and stability operations have singled out the need for more civilian and long-term activities as a precondition for success. AFRICOM has put most of these „military innovations" into practice. Due to the command's focus on development activities, on civil-military coordination and its proposed engagement in non-war situations, in military circles AFRICOM is seen as a role model for future military practices. This paper problematizes the military's expanding mandate and discusses its implications. It argues that the military's increasing engagement in issues of governance and development deeply blurs the normative boundary between the military and the civilian and exposes development as a technology of security. Furthermore, the military's repositioning follows the dominant securitization of so- called „fragile states" and classifies social spaces along Western strategic interests. As a consequence, targeted communities find it hard to separate development efforts aimed at countering poverty and those aimed at countering insurgency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the workshop "Regulierung im Telekommunicationssektor: Chancen und Risiken im historischen Prozess" (Regulation of the Telecommunications Industry: Chances and Risks in the Historical Process), held on January 27, 2011, in Bonn, Germany. Papers presented discussed such topics as comparisons between regulatory agencies in Germany and the U.S., telecommunications markets in the 19th century, and the legal and economic rationale for state regulation of telecommunications.

The article reports on the conference "'Bro's, Homes, Dudes': Men and Masculinities in the 20th Century American Family," held at the University of Münster, Germany, from December 2-4, 2010. Papers approached the subject from various angles, including young men's sexualities, the gender politics of the Daughters of the American Revolution, and debates about absent fathers and good fatherhood. Presenters included Isabel Heinemann, Michael Kimmel, and Jürgen Martschukat.

The article reports on the conference "Der Kult des großen Plans um 1910: Gestaltung von Metropolen in historischer Perspektive," held on November 25-26, 2010, at the Technical University of Berlin, Germany. The conference discussed philosophies and standards of urban planning in the early 20th century in cross-cultural perspective, with papers focusing on various cities, including Chicago, Illinois, Vienna, Austria, and Canberra, Australia.

This paper traces the roots of the current financial crisis to a faulty U.S. macroeconomic paradigm. One flaw in this paradigm was the neoliberal growth model adopted after 1980, which relied on debt and asset price inflation to drive demand in place of wage growth. A second flaw was the model of U.S. engagement with the global economy, which created a triple economic hemorrhage of spending on imports, manufacturing job losses, and off-shoring of investment. Financial deregulation and financial excess are important parts of the story, but they are not the ultimate cause of the crisis. These developments contributed significantly to the housing bubble, but they were a necessary part of the neoliberal model, their function being to fuel demand growth by making ever larger amounts of credit easily available. As the neoliberal model slowly cannibalized itself by undermining income distribution and accumulating debt, the economy needed larger speculative bubbles in order to grow. The flawed model of global engagement accelerated the cannibalization process, thereby creating a need for a huge bubble that only housing could provide. However, when that bubble burst, it pulled down the entire economy because of the bubble’s massive dependence on debt. The old post-World War II growth model based on rising middle-class incomes has been dismantled, while the new neoliberal growth model has imploded. The United States needs a new economic paradigm and a new growth model but, as yet, this challenge has received little attention from policy makers or economists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term memory culture (Erinnerungskultur) denotes a process in which the past is consciously envisioned in order to (re-)construct historical occurrences according to current requirements and semantic frames of reference. This case study seeks to interpret the first broadcasting of the US American TV series Holocaust in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1979 as a social event. The study focuses on the motives and intentions of persons involved in adapting the series to the national semantic frame. Working at the West German broadcasting corporation (WDR) and the federal center for political education (Bundeszentrale mr politische Bildung), they regarded the broadcasting of the series as an opportunity for adding weight to the perspective of Jewish Holocaust victims in West German memory culture. This paper seeks to show how the first broadcasting of Holocaust was functionalised according to memory culture by analysing the WDR's adaptation and supporting didactic program as well as the didactic perspective which emerges in press coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Soziale Welt is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The composer-pianist Otto Dresel (1826–90), studied with Liszt, Schumann, and Mendelssohn and emigrated to the United States in 1848. Dresel came to the New World with talent, energy, and influential recommendations. Within a week of his arrival he had performed the Mendelssohn G minor piano concerto in public, his chamber music and songs were later to be played and sung by the city's leading performers, and a selection of his songs was published by his co-émigré, William Scharfenberg. Yet his three years in New York were ultimately a failure, personally and professionally. Disappointed in New York, he eventually moved to Boston, where as an influential pianist and composer he helped to shape American tastes for the canon of European Music. The traces of Dresel's brief New York years lie in the works he composed there: German Lieder, a few fascinating settings of English poetry, and several instrumental works. This paper examines his New York vocal compositions as well as how his presence in the midst of a highly intellectual German-American community—which included William Scharfenberg, the publisher and impresario Hermann Saroni, the writer and linguist Therese Albertine Luise von Jacob Robinson (known as Talvj)—influenced his musical choices. His songs reflect, in both their literary and musical dimensions, the émigré experience as well as Dresel's own personal successes and failures, and they continue to speak to us in an autobiographical manner even today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the disparity in accessibility and use of mental healthcare services by immigrants and first-generation Americans compared to non-immigrants in the U.S. Topics discussed include the similarities in the disparity experienced by immigrants such as linguistic and cultural literacy and financial condition, the emergence of stigma as the most significant hindrance to mental healthcare, and the need to increase the number of available multilingual mental healthcare professionals.

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Politik is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article traces the history of the Bretton Woods monetary system from its inception in the mid-1940s to its collapse in the early 1970s. Focusing particularly on economic, monetary, and fiscal policy in the Federal Republic of Germany during this time period, the authors chart debates in West German politics, in the European Economic Community (EWG/EEC), and internationally on such questions as currency revaluations, the global market for gold, and the contribution of competing interest rate policies, particularly of the German Bundesbank and the U.S. Federal Reserve System, to the breakdown of the monetary system. The influence of the Bretton Woods System on the subsequent system of cooperative monetary policy in the EEC, known as the Snake in the Tunnel, is also considered.

Copyright of Journal for Educational Research Online / Journal für Bildungsforschung Online is the property of Waxmann Verlag GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents information about planning initiatives in the political system of socialism, especially in 20th century East Germany. It is noted that every nation makes plans, but that socialized states are at a disadvantage since the governing party's plan may conflict with scientific technical practice. Descriptions are given of East Germany's system of contracts. Further comments are made concerning the differences between socialized planning and the planning strategies used in capitalistic countries such as the U.S.

The ballistic missile defense (BMD) project is intended to protect the territory of the United States, as well as us overseas facilities and allies against future threats emerging from so-called rogue regimes. The European components of this BMD system, which will probably be deployed in Poland and the Czech Republic, are conceptualized against the threat of future Iranian long-range ballistic missiles armed with nuclear weapons. Besides profound uncertainties in regard to the materialization of this threat, however, US strategic missile defense may have a negative impact on the strategic relationship between Russia and the United States. The Russian Federation will have to drastically reduce its arsenal of strategic nuclear weapons and will not be able to compensate necessary reductions of outdated weapon systems. Moreover, land-based systems will continue to constitute the backbone of Russia's strategic nuclear forces. Moscow is troubled by the deployment and possible future modernization of BMD components in Eastern Europe, which could increase the vulnerability of Russia's land-based strategic forces and therefore- in the long term-undermine its second-strike capability. This fear of a possible U.S. strategic advantage is further fueled by the expiration of START I, which will put an end to the verification of bilateral disarmament. In this context, the deployment of IRBMS, which are currently prohibited by the INF Treaty, could be a suitable countermeasure. This type of missile would enable Russia to asymmetrically maintain the strategic balance, as well as to counter future threats emerging on its southern and south-eastern flank. Apart from this strategic dimension, Russia's fierce reaction to Washington's deployment plans in Eastern Europe is also the consequence of us hegemonic arrogance. In the course of the 1990s, the United States refrained from a cooperative approach and has ever since set the tone of the bilateral strategic arms control process. After a decade of paralysis, the Russian Federation now seems to have decided to confront us arrogance and dominance in the field of arms control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociologie is the property of Amsterdam University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article reports on an August 2008 joint conference of the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) held in New York, NY on the theme "Contextualizing Economic Behavior." Presenters spoke on a number of subjects in socio-economics and interdisciplinary research in economic behavior.

In 19. and early 20. centuries several million emigrants from German speaking countries entered the United States of America. How migrants coped with sickness, how they preserved their health and to which ressources and institutions of help they had access is yet an academic void. Using Ego-documents--letters, autobiographic texts and diaries--of near-illiterate men this paper will analyse 'healthy lifestyles' and practices of coping with sickness and contrast them with recent research findings in the field of 'mens' health'. Thereby the recent concept of ,male health-idiots' will be challenged in historical perspective.

The process of professionalization in Germany was hindered by several factors: the tradition of denominational nursing, the increasing segregation in the field of nursing, the resistance against nurses' professionalization, the late and sporadic institutionalization of nursing schools, and the classification of nursing as "ärztlicher Heilhilfsberuf". On the basis of these five influencing factors this paper will discuss the development in Germany in comparison to the USA at the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The aim is to explain the differences in the process of professionalization in the German Reich and the USA which are rooted in that period.

Therapeutic substances, their development, testing, application and effects, have in recent years become a central topic of the history of medicine, history of science, and science and technology studies. This paper provides an overview of the literature on this topic through the four-fold perspective of individual substances, industry, patients, and regulation. It introduces the recently established, DFG-funded research network "Pharmaceuticals in the 20th Century" and sketches current methodological approaches to the history of therapeutic substances. At present it appears to be particularly promising to adopt an approach which uses substances or groups of substances as a heuristic device for exploring their complex networks and interdependencies.

Between 1900 and 1914 many so-called "insane re-migrants" were admitted to the Hamburg Asylum in Friedrichsberg. These patients were mainly East European emigrants who had left Europe via Hamburg and who had been classified as insane and sent back by the US-authorities. About 450 relevant medical files are available, exactly 100 for the year 1909. Based on a quantitative examination of these files this paper provides a profile of these patients. It analyses how these patients were perceived and how physicians and authorities in Hamburg dealt with them. Furthermore several case histories and different circumstances of deportation from the USA will be discussed. The article shows a particular formation of madness in the context of transatlantic migration. Most of the patients spoke little or no German. Minders or fellow patients often acted as interpreters.

In this paper body mass and body mass in relation to height is analyzed, based on a cross-sectional sample of 21,648 boys and men, and 21,391 girls and women living in villages, towns, and cities in all new federal states of Germany. The sample is stratified to sex, age, territory and size of the settlement. Weight to height regression lines are compared to the results of weight categories by height. The results of the normal weight categories are compared to the optimal weights of Broca, Ott, and Möhr as well as to the standard weights of the US-population. It is pointed out that body mass does not only depend on age and type of body shape during growth age, but also during adulthood. Curves of normal weight are given for children and adolescents in relation to their sex, age, height, and type of body shape. The median values of weight are published as tables for adults.

"This paper investigates how education influences marriage behavior in three countries: the United States, West Germany, and former East Germany. Following family economics we postulate that for women a longer education decreases marriage rates both during education (institutional effect) and after the degree has been obtained (human capital effect). For men family economics predicts the delaying institutional effect, too, but the human capital effect is expected to increase marriage rates. Further considerations lead to the additional hypothesis that for younger birth cohorts these sex differences should attenuate.... For the United States and West Germany the observed marriage patterns confirm our hypotheses for the most part. For East Germany, however, we observe different marriage patterns. This was expected because the institutional context in this former socialist country was a very different one." (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)