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Drawing on our experience requesting access to police organisations in Ghana and Niger, this article explores the organisation and operation of two West African bureaucracies. It focuses on the administrative modes and the state agents' routines in their dealing with civil actors. Exceptional and risk carrying requests such as ours concerning a permission to conduct participant observation in police organisations create insecurity on the part of the bureaucrats concerned. Although rarely expressed in field reports and often discounted as a series of fortunate coincidences, we consider the researcher's access (or refusal) a crucial and illuminating moment of fieldwork. In our case, both technical bureaucratic operations and informal networks played a central role in our own approach as well as in the state agents' work routines and reflections on their daily occupation. Following an emic description, we call these two modes of procedure "ground work" and "paper work". The oscillating between the two reflects an inevitable interlacing of bureaucratic and informal operations, characteristic for bureaucratic organisations worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper considers the geopolitical and geoeconomic power relations around several recent high rise, commercial, and tourism-based projects in what can be described as a future site of a “downtown” Colombo. These urbanisation projects also provide examples to critique and imagine the historically developed postcolonial relations of globalisation. The paper specifically discusses the Colombo Port City project – a reclaimed land project that is backed by the Chinese government and Sri Lanka’s Ministry for Megapolis and Western Development, and includes a 99-year lease for the 575 acres added to the island for China – and John Keel’s Cinnamon Life project – a project supported by both local investors and American hedge funds, that contributes not only another large hotel, but also apartments, shopping, restaurants, and a casino. Similar to other hotel developments, such as Shrangi-La, the evictions of Slave Island for the Cinnamon Life developments indicate a trend whereby individuals and/or communities are forced out either by government interference or rising prices. The authors suggest, first, that the politics of Colombo’s urbanisation can be traced through the theme of “reclaiming”, which includes not only the physical reclaimed land of the Colombo Port City project, but also the land reclaimed from the Slave Island evictions and the ongoing possibility to exercise eminent domain power for the “public good”. In addition, this theme asks: do these different investments and partnerships indicate reclaimed or ongoing colonial power relations, or is Sri Lanka re-claiming their position as a geo-strategic partner within international relations? Second, and towards these questions, the authors argue that a dynamic and multi-scale lens – from the macro-economic and political international investments, to the micro-level of individuals – is necessary in order to engage a postcolonial critique of globalisation and contemporary geopolitics. Indeed, such a lens helps interrogate if these projects offer alternative models and relations to progress and South Asian modernity than what has come before in urban, postcolonial development narratives or not? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on multi-segmental acronyms (Kurzwörter), whose use was initially condemned by German linguistic purists as a manifestation of language decay. However, the desire for abbreviation has not abated: multi-segmental acronyms are being used more and more. Without them, technical language would no longer be conceivable today. But are they only popular because of their brevity? This article investigates the advantages of using multi-segmental acronyms in technical texts, as well as exploring a kind of globalization process affecting technical languages, manifested in a new kind of embedding of English and English-transmitted technical terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Especially relevant at the present time is the study of the impact of the global crisis – a pandemic caused by the infection COVID-19 on the countries and the world's sustainable development. The consequences of the popular trend of globalization, a certain closedness of the principles of capitalization, and, of course, the impact of the global crisis caused by COVID-19 were investigated in the scientific work. The study aims to confirm the transformation of sustainable development trends and the transition from worldwide globalization to national capitalization of the agricultural entrepreneurship potential in the modern conditions of the global crisis of Covid-19. The goal will be achieved by tasks through accounting and analytical support and mathematical analysis of the quadratic correlation and regression dependence of the integrated indicator of sustainable development. Research methodology consist of analysis and collection of economic, environmental, and social data of agriculture in European countries. At this stage, the most significant indicators of six countries were selected: Ukraine, Germany, Hungary, Romania, Poland and Belarus. Index analysis was used for formation of an integral indicator – a sustainable development index. Also Microsoft Excel tools were used. An index analysis of the main indicators of sustainable development is provided in the paper. On the basis of the integrated index of sustainable development of agriculture, a trend line was built and a forecast of the vector of globalization/capitalization was made. An upward forecast of the integrated index of agriculture sustainable development, which indicates a continuous process of globalization was proved in the paper. This pattern corresponds to Belarus and Romania and was proved by the basis of imperial studies. The calculation and forecast of the transition from global globalization to national capitalization as a result of the impact of the pandemic and quarantine were presented in the scientific work too. This pattern is inherent in Hungary, Germany, Poland and Ukraine.

The phenomenon of globalization has led to many globalized societies. Globalized societies are societies that have experienced and are influenced by the features of globalization. In globalization, time and space have shrunk and the world’s peoples and cultures are now more interlinked and interconnected through transportation and information communication technology which has led to the movement of human capital and transmission of ideas and cultures. Globalization has facilitated the meeting of different religions and cultures. In many societies today you now have people of different religions and cultures living/working side by side. Religious pluralism and multiculturalism are now ideological standpoints as they are now sets of beliefs of how society should be organized. This paper will hermeneutically examine these phenomena and the challenges that they present. Through analysis the paper argues that both religious pluralism and multiculturalism are facts of globalized societies not to be ignored. The paper concludes that religious pluralism and multiculturalism can be managed for harmony in society. These done globalized societies will experience more social harmony and concord.

Globalization has had and still has a comprehensive effect on all aspects of human life, including the part related to sports and recreation. Through the spread of information and communication technologies, especially new channels of information dissemination (such as social networks), but also the process of internationalization, liberalization, and modernization - it has enabled the availability of sports competitions, and the general presence of sports in all parts of the world. This is especially true of football as one of the most popular sports. This paper will try to provide a geographical and global framework for football change based on specific economic and financial data related to sponsors, branding, etc., through a case study of the English Premiership (also known as Premier League) compared to other football leagues in Europe (German Bundesliga, Spanish La Liga, Italian Serie A and French Ligue 1, the so-called Big Five). The paper presents three hypotheses to which the research of available literature and statistical data will try to answer. Through all the above mentioned, the research aims to determine whether and to what extent football has become a global sport by going beyond national frameworks and to what extent it has transformed itself in these modern and global frameworks.

This paper explores the effect of globalization on the translation industry and the demands it places on translators. The paper argues that translators are not only individuals with some knowledge of the source or target language, but they also often act as mediators between the discourse of the source culture and the discourse of the target audience. To be a successful translator, one has to possess the knowledge of both the general culture of the target audience, specialized knowledge within the domain of that particular text, and perfect knowledge of the target language, not to mention the ability to detect any particularities in the source text and language. The article argues for the imperative of equipping modern interpreters and translators with a set of extra-linguistic assets imposed by the modern economic structure of the world. The paper traces back the history of the English language as an example of the domineering linguistic power that has been solidified by socio-political and economic status leading up to considering it a globalized code. The outcome of this universal metamorphosis has reached such a point that it requires from people worldwide and namely in specific areas of trade to adapt to these exigencies. In this sense, global and business exchanges cannot be successfully realized without a strong probability of understanding the message issuing from the other. Hence the need to create interlinguistic agents that are able to minimize the existing nuances between people of the world primarily for universal economic reasons. Those people are supposed to reach beyond the linguistic requirements for the act of translation and to embrace the demands of the specific business field or area which in is in itself a part of competency within the boundaries of modern training impositions. The article contends as well for the need on the part of modern translators to embrace modern technological innovations that are supposed to be shielded to support the human trials to bring in concrete shape poles-apart nations. In a globalized world, technology invades all life domains where translation studies are no exception. The paper concludes by suggesting strategies for translators to position themselves as assets to their organization and to counteract the belief that anyone with language experience can translate.

Without intending to be a scientific study, the present paper simply [only] pleads for the German language and culture, for their continuity and chances in the cultural spaces of Central and Eastern Europe. The German language and culture have assumed for centuries the leading part in mediating the cultures belonging to this multinational area, where they embody a traditional presence. This paper doesn't disclaim the significant part played by the English language in the current context of globalization. However, as Latin had been "followed" by Greek for centuries, so could German take a leading part, next to English, as a means of communication and dialogue in the Danube region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

James Griffin’s book “On Human Rights” is a critical account of the global leading imposition of human rights experience. Griffin provides a systematic outlook of the universality of human rights on basis of three key concepts: autonomy, liberty and a minimum provision. This article provides an analysis of Griffin’s critique and how the Ottoman practice of rights and duties overlaps and differs. According to Griffin Human Rights in the last fifty years has become a standing symbol of the Western global influence in promoting justice, fairness, political freedoms and equities as a human condition to be universally respected and acknowledged as an unalienable fundament. A condition that is formed through revolutions and major wars in the last couple of centuries so vigorous that gave birth to the need to protect the normative agent as is described by James Griffin. Griffin makes a philosophical case for the three concepts of autonomy, liberty and minimum provision. Upon further reading “On Human Rights” one encounters problems of practical nature that Griffin neither offers a clear explanation nor a functional framework for what he believes human rights ought to be. This book does however provide an invigorating debate on the question of how a discourse of rights can be uniquely different in virtue of distinct moral foundations. Griffin merely scrutinizes the arbitrariness of the universal declaration of human rights being based on concepts such as dignity instead of a universal shared moral theory. It is at this point that this paper perceives overlap between Griffins concepts of autonomy, liberty and minimum provision. The Ottoman practice and approach of individuals may not distinctly be labelled as human rights, yet does overlap with Griffin’s philosophical account of personhood.

The paper discusses the issue of globalization, namely the creation of a unique economic, political and cultural environment on our planet and the reflections of this process on education. The wave of changes in the world brings with it the rule of a ruthless competition of inventiveness and knowledge: the onset of the battle of the brains, i.e. by the brains. The winners of this war will be those whose education, specialization and specialties include a greater and better knowledge about the development and utilization of productive forces and whose most significant factor certainly is science. If education is necessary for the development of science, then science is not only necessary for the development of productive forces, but it is also their most important factor. Therefore each country, through the development of education, also provides for the development of science, the technology which is based on it, as the material basis of economic prosperity and political independence, i.e. of the security of the country and nation whose interests the country is realizing. All this shows that, when it comes to globalization and universalization, the present world can only win if cooperation between science and culture is realized. The devotion to this type of relationship between nations and people involves improving education on a global scale, whereby each country should introduce, in its national system of education, a component of internationally oriented education. The paper concludes that the tendencies of education for international orientation are: the affirmation of humanistic values; the understanding of basic contradictions in contemporary society: contradictions between the global and the local - reflected in the need to be a citizen of the world and simultaneously preserve national identity; contradictions between the universal and the individual - reflected in the acceptance of the globalization of the world but also in the preservation of personal self-relevance; contradictions between personal integrity and the cultural identity of one’s nation; and the contradictions between tradition and modernity - manifested in the need to adapt to the new times and new relationships in the global society, with the preservation of one’s own roots of historical development. Also, education should contribute to the realization of, not only multicultural, but an intercultural society, in which multiple cultures are in dialogue and searching for a new, more productive cultural synthesis. This type of humanistic thinking and devotion to the humanization of social development, has two components which are intertwined, the first one is the development of human rights in order to enable the protection of human freedom and dignity, and the other is the creation of a new planetary civilization which will enable the preservation and improvement of the life of humanity as a whole.

The article offers briefs related to Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung (DMV). Topics include Science Council published the position paper impetus from the Covid- 19 crisis for further development of the science system in Germany passed to reorientation of science policy; and response capability in policy advice about a lack of sovereignty and Security in the digital space up to strategic challenges in internationalization.

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Copyright of Soziale Welt is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The emergency of modernization forced upon China means that the pride and sovereignty of China could only be maintained by becoming the Other in its „best“, that is, by adopting the criteria, norms and values of the developmentalism of the West that seemed to have made it so „successful“. However, it is exactly at a time when pride and sovereignty seem to be such a manifest reality for China that an „untimely“ rethinking of what most people regard as good and with reasons to be proud of is called for. The dangerous aspects of modernization in China today should be quite obvious to anyone willing to confront them. This paper aims to take some initial steps in dealing with the „main danger“ of the everyday life with a view to a form of activism not exhausted by the political binaries of oppositional politics. Part I of the paper examines how the media representations of the relations between modernization and rural poverty are framed by binary pairs, how the diminishing of the self legitimizes the violences of the modernization processes, and how modernization should be understood not merely as a domestic solution for domestic problems, but should be read together with the movements of colonization and globalization. Part II of the paper examines practices constituting a difference to the „dissemination“ and „over-determination“ effects of globalization on China's trajectory of modernization. One case in point is the rural reconstruction movement carried out in a relatively self-conscious manner in resisting the colonizing effects of processes of globalization and countering the very logic of this development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration studies tend to oscillate between pure descriptivism and strong theory. Until today theories of migration either explicitly or implicitly refer to neoclassical presumptions on labour markets or tend to proliferate funcionalist ex-post concepts. So do theories of migration systems overemphasize the primacy of political and economical structures over collective and individual ageny of migrants. The paper argues that a shift in theoretical perspectives is linked the settings in the political arena of migration. Epistemological barriers are relate to political ones, this relation is condensed in certain figures of migration. One of the leading figures of current migration is the „illegal migrant“. The paper tries to grasp how illegal migration is related to changing patterns of work and production and whether the concept of a migration regime would be more appropriate to understand the ongoing processes, since it focusses on agency rather than on systemic logic. Finally the paper aims at exploring if migration can be conceived as a social movement. In this regard, the programmatic concept of the autonomy of migration is significant, because it looks for a political perspective over the questions of exodus and flight that are stake in global migration today. The paper claims that the comprehension of the relation of flight and immobilization demands both historically and actual a shift of paradigms in migration politics and theory. The concept of migration regime can help here as it puts agency, namely the struggles of migration in the foreground of any understanding of migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides evidence of the impact of the Anglo-American culture on Spanish language and society. Societal phenomena such as globalization, migration and the media are observable in every area of Spanish people’s daily life. This study reveals the extent of the popularity of foreign given names, mostly English, in Spanish society. English given names seem to be currently associated with such values as high fashion and social prestige. Study of variables frequency, gender and age reveal that the choice of English first names is becoming very popular. A comparative analysis of English given names in the 1960s and in the 2010s in Spain is carried out. The dataset was collected from the Spanish Institute of Statistics (INE) and the results report that English first names occur quite frequently among people aged 25 years or younger and therefore represent a new tendency. The paper includes discussion of adaptations of some of the examined English names to Spanish.

One of the most prominent issues in contemporary social philosophy is the democratic institutionalization of social change. In the following paper, we analyze how such an objective must not overlook the changes wrought by globalization. To this end, we first present some of the critical responses to globalization presented by contemporary thinkers (Federici, Tomba, Srnicek). Next, we tackle the notions of the “diffuse regime of transnational power”, “lex mercatoria” and “governance”, and point out how these concepts are indispensable for a complete understanding of the present of capitalism in the areas of trade and

In this article, we discuss some problems involving the traditional media and the human rights nowadays. Adopting a critical, historical and dialectical approach, the paper makes an intersection between the traditional mass media and the DH in order to discuss issues on both subjects and pointing out possible alternatives. In order to carry out the study, the theories of Roland Barthes (1971), Joaquín Herrera Flores (2005) and Douglas Kellner (2001) are taken into consideration. It is important to stress that the intention of this paper is not to generalize results from our bibliographical research, but to detect tendencies and discern trends about the topic under discussion.Este artigo traz reflexões sobre algumas problemáticas envolvendo a mídia tradicional e a questão dos Direitos Humanos na atualidade. Adotando uma postura crítica, histórica e dialética, o trabalho faz uma intersecção entre os veículos de comunicação de massa tradicionais e os Direitos Humanos, com o propósito de problematizar questões sobre ambos e apontar possíveis saídas. Para tanto, dentre outros autores, foram utilizados os pressupostos desenvolvidos por Roland Barthes (1971), Joaquín Herrera Flores (2005) e Douglas Kellner (2001). Salienta-se que não se pretende generalizar resultados a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, mas, sim, detectar tendências e vislumbrar possibilidades a respeito da temática em pauta.

In this paper I wish to discuss at a structural level where the difference between the paradigm of multiculturalism and the paradigm of interculturality lies: whereas the first expresses itself in a differentiation among cultural orders, which however contemplates the presence of a global or meta-order capable of functioning as a universal ground of commonness, the second exactly negates such a possibility, by allowing as the only viable practice the contingent and situated work of “translation” from one cultural order to the other. This paper assesses exactly why the intercultural paradigm may be a better candidate in order to highlight and, at the same time, criticize the titanic structure of globalization.

This paper is concerned about the religious conversion, as a global phenomenon, and its effects on family. Religious con version cases increase with those participate to new religious movements since 1970's. These movements introduce themselves as /I'alternative religions” and "alternative fam'ily units" This paper will summarize parents'reactions and other children those assume the attitude to convert. Finally it will emphasize the function of family in religious socialization. Because there is a strong relationship between family intermarriage and religious socialization

The changes in the world scenario undergone since the 1970s, due to the rapid technological development and progressive impacts of social, cultural and climate change, require a re-reading of the processes derived from the 1972 UNESCO Convention. The evolution of technologies applied to Cultural Heritage has significantly improved, in terms of accuracy and reliability, but has not always been generated an awareness of the value meaning of the asset. The contribution addresses the issue with an analysis of the general anthropological transformations to verify what role the Cultural Heritage values will continue to play in technologically globalized world of the 21st century. This paper intends to introduce a series of urgent reflections in order to stimulate and increase the necessary interdisciplinary and intercultural debate between the various stakeholders on the theme of safeguarding. of Cultural Heritage as a driving force for civil progress.

The fundamental determinant of the competitiveness of a nation is the productivity of the companies acting in its economy. In the age of globalization, countries compete not only for markets, technology, skills and investments, but also for raising their standards of living. The national prosperity is highly affected by competitiveness, defined as the productivity with which a nation uses its resources. The objectives of our paper are to analyze the concept of national competitivenes and to outline the importance of competitiveness in today’s uncertain world. In this respect, we consider competitiveness as a multifaceted concept including both quantitative and qualitative aspects. The objectives of our paper were achieved by reviewing the literature, and by presenting the case of Romania.

In the ecosystem of digital and green transition service exporters play a vital role, particularly in exporting highly valued information and communication technology (ICT) services. In 2020, after the COVID-19 outbreak, Estonia’s service exports declined by 20% while ICT service exports increased by 12% compared to 2019. This shows that Estonian ICT firms adapted quickly to seize the opportunities brought by the pandemic to retain their competitiveness. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate the characteristics (size, ownership and export intensity) of the Estonian firms. The study also contributes to the EU´s objective to promote greater transparency on service traders (European Commission, 2021), as we provide new information for policy-makers and support the Estonian and European digital agendas (Estonia, 2018; European Commission, 2020, 2021). Our findings show that among services exporters the firms that export ICT services are more export-intensive and smaller and have more foreign ownership than non-ICT firms.

In the main part of the paper an analysis of liberalism and globalization has been offered. It has been argued in the third part of the paper that the process of association between Serbia and Montenegro and European Union would contribute substantially to the solution of the so called "coordination problem" in Serbia and Montenegro-the country heavily burdened and ravaged by its historical past, recent civil wars, NATO bombardment and corruptive economy.

In the context of globalization and labour mobility, it has become a habit for teams to be made up of members from different countries, speaking different languages and having an inhomogeneous cultural background. For a basic communication to achieve professional goals, a common code is usually established. However, we find that the efficiency of communication and implicitly of the work results involves the knowledge of several foreign languages. In this paper we aim to emphasise how important it is for economics students to learn different foreign languages, to assimilate and master business language. Thus, they will be able to communicate easily in a professional environment and to develop at a brisk pace in order to reach the top of the company. The ability to interact with a teammate in the language s/he has mastered since childhood leads to increased trust and better group homogeneity, which results in the optimization of teamwork.

This project draft discusses the issues facing a nation state in the dynamic processes of globalization. First, the term globalization is tentatively defined as a decentralized process of condensation and homogenization of space and time. Then, the ambivalent structure of the globalization discourse, i.e. its semantic and pragmatic dimensions, are shown. The neo-liberal viewpoint is explored of the erosion and weakening of the nation state within the global capitalist power, both in terms of its (state's) traditional functions, and in terms of its internal and external sovereignty. Against the neo-liberal thesis about the decline of the nation state many empirical arguments have been offered. Some of these are presented in this text. The main point of this argumentation consists in a general view that the decline of the nation state is strongly linked with the process of globalization. In view of the critical argumentation included in the paper, it is argued that in the environment of global processes only the societies which have a strong state behind them have a chance to succeed. Politics, not economy, still dominates international relations. Emphasis on state politics opens a new perspective in discussing the process of globalization. Current globalization processes cannot be judged accurately unless geopolitical interests and the changing balance of world power are understood. Finally, the paper points to the ideological nature of the neo-liberal discourse of globalization, questioning another basic assumption of the latter, namely, the idea that the process of globalization is at the same time a process of emancipation. By challenging the positing of a necessary link between globalization and emancipation we formulate a position that allows for a normative critique of current processes.

The need for translation in a world of continuous change and exchange is unquestionable. Literary translation creates global communication and engages the readership’s interest in raising cultural awareness. This cultural landscape provides new perspectives on literary translation which might be regarded as a model for all translation types and for conveying messages across cultures and language barriers. Literary translators become professional rewriters and mediating agents in an intricate process of mapping literatures and cultures. The paper equally envisages the literary translators’ active and dynamic roles as well as the negative consequences of the digitalized era on translators’ profession and professionalization.

The modern world is a world of global trends. Studies often do not take into account the nonlinearity of the process and create the appearance of automatically deepening and expanding global processes that affect all areas of life. Globalization is considered in the article as a non-linear process of spatial interaction, mutual influence and interdependence of the world economy subjects. One of the main periodization criteria of economic globalization is the qualitative changes in spatio-temporal relations. Thepurpose of the paper is to justify the reasons for the emergence of a new phase of globalization. The pandemic has triggered a serious blow to the global interdependent economy. This means that globalization is entering a new phase.

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This paper adopts a global perspective to investigate external relations of German cities, both transnationally and on the national scale. At the centre of the analysis are the locational strategies of major advanced producer service firms that link the cities in which they operate through a multitude of flows. Using an interlocking network model and data on the organizational structure of leading business service firms, the paper measures and interprets the extent to which German cities were integrated in the world city network in 2008. The global positions and national network patterns of 14 major German cities are explored, as well as the sectoral strengths and geographical orientations of their external relations. The paper concludes with an assessment of the trajectory of German cities in the world city network between the turn of the twenty-first century and the onset of the current financial crisis. The analysis reveals a geography of advanced producer services that is polycentric in character but does not map directly onto the distribution of other metropolitan functions. In a longitudinal perspective, German cities experienced an absolute and relative decline in global network connectivity between 2000 and 2008, which raises questions about the changing strategic importance of German cities in the world city network.

This paper focuses on multi-segmental acronyms (Kurzwörter), whose use was initially condemned by German linguistic purists as a manifestation of language decay. However, the desire for abbreviation has not abated: multi-segmental acronyms are being used more and more. Without them, technical language would no longer be conceivable today. But are they only popular because of their brevity? This article investigates the advantages of using multi-segmental acronyms in technical texts, as well as exploring a kind of globalization process affecting technical languages, manifested in a new kind of embedding of English and English-transmitted technical terms.

In the entrepreneurial environment of the 21st century, changes are taking place constantly. Business performance benchmarks are changing and competition is more pronounced. The current economic conditions and fierce competition that prevail today, are forcing companies to look for new ways to reduce costs and increase profitability. If a company expects to survive and grow, it needs constant creativity to differentiate, add value, and create a competitive edge. Therefore, to thrive and excel, business organizations need continuous innovation, rapid response, and creative human talent. This paper presents an essential aspect of entrepreneurship in the 21st century, the importance of innovation and creativity, and the role they play in the global entrepreneurial context. Introduces the entrepreneurial environment and discusses the evolution of entrepreneurship as a science from the earliest period until the present. Using a methodology based on a critical research method, the results briefly describes the importance of innovation and creativity in today's global entrepreneurship, the importance of knowing the difference between creativity and innovation, and the advantages it has over entrepreneurship all over the globe. The aim of the article is to emphasize the connection between creativity and innovation, as well as the strategy to encourage creativity and innovations among entrepreneurs in today's competitive business environment, as long as creativity generates new ideas and innovation materializes them. The globalization topic summarizes the evaluation of entrepreneurial opportunities and explains the objectives involved in global entrepreneurship.

The principal aim of this paper is to define Kyrgyz music in Kyrgyzstan ethnomusicology in order to assess whether the traditional Kyrgyz music has an essential impact on the identity of the Kyrgyz people and, if so, how does this impact manifest itself. In order to assess the impacts during research, the author was concerned with the influence of urbanization, globalization on processes related to music, the preference of either traditional or modern music, and how music is perceived in a cross-generational perspective. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on related phenomena including folk music instruments of the Kyrgyz or the Kyrgyz storytellers and musicians, who call themselves aqyns and manaschi. Additionally, the relationship of the national pride and music or the most common forms of music education of children and adolescents and its financial and spatial availability are being explored and scrutinized. The unifying theme of this thesis is music in everyday life of the Kyrgyz. The analytical part of this research mainly draws on the results of the author’s month-long field research from 2018 which took place in various diverse regions of Kyrgyzstan. The research includes a questionnaire, overt participant observation, and semi-structured interviews.

After the last Gaza war in 2009, an unusual meeting of Israeli ex-soldiers initiated a heated debate in the public domain. The soldiers confessed some uncomfortable insights about apparently pointless violence, but an internal investigation could not prove their allegations. At first glance, it seemed the military contradicted itself. This paper aims to show that such confusing events are not an isolated case, but the result of a strategy of mobilization of global acting activism networks which include NGOs, international donors and individual personalities. Based on fieldwork with Israeli activists and critically inspired by debates on ethnography and globalization, I follow complex configurations of actors that indicate zones of political friction. Activists operate in key areas of state sovereignty rather than to stand opposed to it. There are two implications of the emerging power of these networks: on the one hand, the conflict on the ground seems to be transformed into a meta-conflict consisting only of signs and counter-sign; on the other it is here emblematic how classical political units, such as the state conceptualized as a unitary actor, seems at first glance to be dissolved, but also reproduced in an iconic way [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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