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Aim NADPH oxidases are important sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Several Nox homologues are present together in the vascular system but whether they exhibit crosstalk at the activity level is unknown. To address this, vessel function of knockout mice for the cytosolic Nox organizer proteins p47phox, NoxO1 and a p47phox-NoxO1-double knockout were studied under normal condition and during streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Results In the mouse aorta, mRNA expression for NoxO1 was predominant in smooth muscle and endothelial cells, whereas p47phox was markedly expressed in adventitial cells comprising leukocytes and tissue resident macrophages. Knockout of either NoxO1 or p47phox resulted in lower basal blood pressure. Deletion of any of the two subunits also prevented diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction. mRNA expression analysis by MACE (Massive Analysis of cDNA ends) identified substantial gene expression differences between the mouse lines and in response to diabetes. Deletion of p47phox induced inflammatory activation with increased markers of myeloid cells and cytokine and chemokine induction. In contrast, deletion of NoxO1 resulted in an attenuated interferon gamma signature and reduced expression of genes related to antigen presentation. This aspect was also reflected by a reduced number of circulating lymphocytes in NoxO1-/- mice. Innovation and conclusion ROS production stimulated by NoxO1 and p47phox limit endothelium-dependent relaxation and maintain blood pressure in mice. However, NoxO1 and p47phox cannot substitute each other despite their similar effect on vascular function. Deletion of NoxO1 induced an anti-inflammatory phenotype, whereas p47phox deletion rather elicited a hyper-inflammatory response., Graphical abstract fx1

A strain ofStreptomyces viridochromogenes produced a new crystalline antibiotic, Avilamycin, related to but not identical with Curamycin and Exfoliatin. Avilamycin, C63H94O35Cl2, gave on solvolytic degradation the following products: dichloroisoeverninic acid, 2-deoxy-d-rhamnose, 2,6-di-O-methylmannose, 4-O-methylfucose,l-lyxose and 3,5-diacetoxy-γ-caprolactone.

German: Die kulturelle Anpassung von Stammhausdelegierten wird als zentraler Erfolgsfaktor bei Entsendungen ins Ausland betrachtet. Folglich sind Bestimmungsfaktoren kultureller Anpassung sowohl aus praktischer als auch aus theoretischer Perspektive von hoher Relevanz. Das Konzept der kulturellen Anpassung wurde als mögliche Anpassungsdeterminante identifiziert. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht daher die kulturelle Anpassung von Stammhausdelegierten im Ausland und gewährt am Beispiel Singapur einen innovativen Einblick in die Beziehung zwischen kultureller Intelligenz und kultureller Anpassung und überprüft die moderierenden Einflüsse der kulturellen Distanz auf die Anpassung. Die empirische Analyse findet signifikante Einflüsse unterschiedlicher Faktoren der kulturellen Intelligenz auf die einzelnen Dimensionen der kulturellen Anpassung. Zudem wird ein unerwarteter moderierender Einfluss der kulturellen Distanz auf die Beziehung zwischen der metakognitiven Dimension der kulturellen Intelligenz und der Anpassung an das allgemeine Umfeld im Ausland festgestellt. Die Ergebnisse führen zu einer Reihe von Implikationen für das internationale Personalmanagement. Unterstützung findet somit die Annahme, dass für Auslandsentsendungen Mitarbeiter ausgewählt werden sollten, die - bei gleicher technischer Kompetenz - über ein höheres Ausmaß an kultureller Intelligenz verfügen. Die Ergebnisse der Studie können das bisherige Konstrukt kultureller Intelligenz und dessen Operationalisierung für drei der vier Dimensionen unterstützen. English: The cultural adjustment of expatriates is argued to have a central impact on the success of foreign assignments. In consequence, drivers of cultural adjustment are of practical as well as theoretical significance. This paper examines the role of cultural intelligence (CQ) for the cultural adjustment of expatriates. The subsequent study uses data from managers on foreign assignments in Singapore. Furthermore, the study analyzes the moderating effect of cultural distance on the relationship between CQ and cultural adjustment. Findings are that different CQ-dimensions influence the dimensions of cultural adjustment to different degrees. In addition, an unexpected moderating effect of cultural distance on the relationship between the metacognitive CQ-dimension and general adjustment is identified. The results provide implications for the field of international HRM. The study particularly supports the underlying assumption of the paper that CQ should be considered in staffing decisions for foreign assignments. From a theoretical perspective, the study provides empirical support for three of the four constructs of the CQ-dimensions.

A philological edition of Rozmyślanie przemyskie and the Czech Život Krista Pána The goal of the paper is to evaluate the editorial decisions made by the editors of the only transcribed philological edition of Rozmyślanie przemyskie (the so-called Freiburg edition), by confronting it with the text of Život Krista Pána, a Czech apocrypha preserved in several copies the oldest of which dates back to the first half of the 14th century. The basis for the analysis are materially and linguistically similar fragments of both apocrypha. The presented survey not only validates or questions various editorial decisions, but also once again shows that a transcription of an Old Polish text is to a considerable extent its interpretation, and that designing such a transcription is an unusually difficult task which requires a large amount of work and a specific set of skills.

The diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been revolutionized over the last few years. Requirements for cytopathologists in lung cancer diagnosis have therefore changed. The general diagnostic category of NSLC is no longer sufficient. In addition cytological specimens need to be evaluated for adequacy regarding predictive marker analyses. Accurate NSCLC subtyping with a distinction of adenocarcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma is crucial for treatment decisions as the subtype will decide on the chemotherapy regimen and the choice of predictive marker analyses for targeted treatment. In the majority of cases, the subtype can be diagnosed by morphology alone. Cytology is equally well suited as biopsy specimens for the assessment of molecular predictive markers. The best results are achieved when both cytology and biopsy specimens are compared to choose the most appropriate specimen for morphological subtyping and molecular testing. In this paper, we discuss special issues of NSCLC subtyping and currently recommended predictive molecular marker analyses.

Cell Stress & Chaperones journal has become a major outlet for papers and review articles about anti-heat shock protein (HSP) antibodies. In the last decade, it became evident that apart from their intracellular localization, members of the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90; HSPC) and Hsp70 (HSPA) family are also found on the cell surface. In this review, we will focus on Hsp70 (HSPA1A), the major stress-inducible member of the human Hsp70 family. Depending on the cell type, the membrane association of Hsp70 comes in two forms. In tumor cells, Hsp70 appears to be integrated within the plasma membrane, whereas in non-malignantly transformed (herein termed normal) cells, Hsp70 is associated with cell surface receptors. This observation raises the question whether or not these two surface forms of Hsp70 in tumor and normal cells can be distinguished using Hsp70 specific antibodies. Presently a number of Hsp70 specific antibodies are commercially available. These antibodies were generated by immunizing mice either with recombinant or HeLa-derived human Hsp70 protein, parts of the Hsp70 protein, or with synthetic peptides. This review aims to characterize the binding of different anti-human Hsp70 antibodies and their capacity to distinguish between integrated and receptor-bound Hsp70 in tumor and normal cells.

Computer-based learning (E-learning) is of increasing importance for the education of students and professionals. Various publicly accessible online courses for cytologists now exist and some of these are presented in this paper. For the learning platform Patho-Basiliensis (http://www.unibas.ch/patho/) we have developed several learning materials: a database of 726 cytology images, a cytopathology course to teach the basics of cytopathology, and a game testing histologic-cytologic correlation. Tests on lung and urinary cytology were attended by 383 international participants. The virtual microscopy technology will revolutionize telecytology and cytology education.