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Article 43 of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child mandates state parties to report on their efforts made towards implementing treaty provisions to the African Committee on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACERWC). The aim of this process is to afford states an opportunity to internally assess their progress and to grant the ACERWC an opportunity to guide states in the implementation of the treaty provisions through constructive dialogue during the state reporting process and through concluding observations which states are required to implement. While much has been written about the value of the state reporting process, not much has been said about the measures taken by states to implement the concluding observations from the state reporting process. The concluding observations offer a premise on which to advance a discourse on state implementation of the regional norms, given that they emanate from an incisive reflection of state parties' reports by the ACERWC. This paper finds that while the ratification of the African Children's Charter by the countries under consideration has led to normative and institutional changes in these countries, there are pertinent challenges that need to be addressed in the realisation of children's rights in Africa. Through the concluding observations, this paper examines the domestic implementation of children's rights in four African countries, namely: Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa and Egypt.

Social harmony is an imperative for the development of society. Without social harmony there is bound to be conflicts, violence, and social turmoil that impede the wellbeing of society. A key factor that can promote social harmony is when people live out the meaning of their names. This is what Confucius called Zhengming (“rectification of names”). For him the rectification of names implies every citizen living out the full import and meaning of their names and roles. Without rectification of names society will continue to be bedeviled by disharmony. Like many other societies the African continent is bedeviled with social disharmonies caused by poor leadership, bad governance, corruption and embezzlement of public funds, kidnapping and hostage taking, youth restiveness, illegal migration, environmental degradation, etc. It is difficult for there to be social harmony when citizens are experiencing social deprivations. The paper will use critical analytic and hermeneutic methods to examine the doctrine of rectification of names as proposed by Confucius. The paper will also apply this doctrine to the situation of social disharmony in Africa. The paper finds and concludes that there is need to use the ideas of Zhengming to mitigate social disharmonies in Africa.

From Ethiopia to Sudan, there has been significant concern about the role of hate speech and incitement on social media to promote offline violence and, at its most extreme, genocide. These questions have become more urgent with the growth of large language models and Artificial Intelligence that are increasingly shaping online speech and may amplify existing concerns. In this paper, we interrogate the assumptions and myths about the causal link between online speech and its impact on the offline world by evaluating the empirical evidence. Overall, we found that there is limited evidence pointing to this direct association and, in line with broader literature on the underlying causes of violence, our review points to longer-term contextual, historical, and economic factors that often drive conflict, particularly in Africa. We conclude by identifying major evidence gaps and highlighting the need for caution when attributing the impact of online hate speech on violence.

Copyright of Journal of Public Health (09431853) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While UN peacekeeping operations are in most cases confronted with a multitude of intertwined problems, this seems to be even worse in Africa. Operations on African soil have to react more than averagely to inter- as well as intrastate conflicts based upon ethnic tension, to conflicts starting from extreme poverty or the abuse of natural resources, and to situations in which governments are failing to do what governments should do. In the paper the mandates of the six ongoing UN peacekeeping operations in Africa – as of 1 May 2007, that is, in the Western Sahara, Liberia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia and Eritrea, Côte d’Ivoire and Sudan – are analysed from the perspective of their (desired) contribution to the establishment of good governance structures. That analysis is followed by some observations upon the changing nature of peacekeeping operations. This includes the need to react to the specificity of African conflicts – which are often characterised by the combination of poverty, weak public institutions, a small private sector, high illiteracy, a narrow skills base, and limited capabilities for guaranteeing security – and the more general move towards 'peace building', which is in so many ways similar to a 'good governance' approach. The paper concludes by formulating a few lessons. These relate to such things as the need for UN peace keepers to take care of the economic root causes of the conflicts they have to deal with, as well as the task to invest systematically in building up governmental structures and legal institutions, while at the same time training police, army and judiciary staff in respect for human rights and in notions such as trying to solve conflicts without the use of violent means. The paper ends by underlining the necessity of a good interplay between the UN peace keepers and all state and non-state actors involved, from land lords and associations of farmers to regional intergovernmental organisations, from NGO’s to the International Financial Institutions and UN Specialised Organisations. If this is not going to happen, the focus is too much upon the military aspects only, and that is – needed as it may be in the short run – a guarantee that conflicts will reoccur as soon as the operations have ended.

(Conflict between the Roman army and African nomads during the first Tetrarchy [An attempt to reconstruct the events]): This article aims to reconstruct events that took place in the years 289–293 AD and 297–299 AD in the African provinces of the Roman Empire. This refers to the battles that Emperor Maximian and earlier governors of these provinces waged with the coalition of Berber tribes known in the sources as the Quinquegentanei (five tribes). For the first time in Polish scientific literature this paper tries to reconstruct the chronology and evaluate the events themselves.

Alexandre Meunier (1870-1942), a forgotten French cartographer working for the "Service Géographique" at the Colonial Ministry, contributed heavily to the production of maps over the French colonial empire. Among his maps, were 3 maps (Djibouti, Harrar and Addis Ababa) on La Côte française des Somalis et contrées avoisinantes, published in 1908-1909. The maps are analysed combining analysis of the map design and their thematic contents as well as their colonial discourse. The geo-political context of the time and the institutional aspects surrounding their publication are brought forward. Beyond the wish to give Alexandre Meunier a place he deserves in the history of cartography, this paper intends to shed light on this particular type of map produced under the colonial scramble in the Horn of Africa where Italy, Great Britain and France competed together on Abyssinia. It shows how apparently ordinary maps contributed to colonial rivalries and international diplomacy.

Copyright of Leviathan: Zeitschrift für Sozialwissenschaft (Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG) is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a translation of Tertullian’s Ad Martyras into Lithuanian language and a brief introduction, which contains a short survey of Tertullian’s life, his audience, i.e., Christians of Africa, selection and motivation of provided examples in Ad Martyras.

There are 56 references to Cush in the Old Testament and these occur in all the three main corpuses of the Hebrew Bible namely the Law, the Prophets and the Writings. Traditional historical-critical scholarship has not showed great interest in the Old Testament texts about Cush. However, the Nigerian biblical scholar David Tuesday Adamo has through his many contributions about the Cush texts made the guild observant of what can be labelled an African presence in the Old Testament given that Cush is applied as a literary motif in the Old Testament. Following a presentation of the Cush texts in the Old Testament, this paper examines how the literary motif of Cush functions in the text, taking Isaiah 18 as a representative example. https://doi.org/10.17159/2312-3621/2021/v34n2a9

This special edition comprises selected papers on critical reflections on the 70th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). The authors critique the contextual relevance of the UDHR to the implementation of human rights within selected domestic legal systems in Africa.

During recent years, critical cultural commentaries about globalization have repeatedly suggested that although the global transfer of goods has intensified and is nowadays almost unlimited, migrants are far from being able to cross borders without facing problems. Although this issue cannot be further explored here, cultural exchange as a by-product of migration and the trade of goods is not a new phenomenon but has been taking place for millennia. Fairy tales belong and have belonged to the literary genres that have been transcontinental in this way. In the context of the transitions between European and African cultures, this article outlines historical and current communication processes, using the example of anthologies and narrative situations in order to examine the tradition of German and African fairy tales and their impact on cultural transfer. A concrete example of such transitions is the Senegalese storyteller Ibrahima Ndiaye, who has been living in Saarland for 25 years and who is interested in the role of fairy tales, stories and children's books to help people in Europe understand African culture and its customs and rites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper gives a historical account of the negative effects of poor interpreter-translator service providers to the development of the justice system in countries of Africa generally and Zambia in particular. It recommends various practical solutions to the challenge of access to interpreter-translator service providers generally and legal interpreter-translator services in particular. These include definition of target group; mobilization of funding; building a network of experts to serve as advisors, consultants and resource persons; establishment of a statutory body to guide government on language policy generally, including translation-interpretation services (e.g. Translation and Interpretation Commission); organization of thematic seminars and workshops; media panel discussions; moving a private motion in parliament; curriculum review for consideration by Ministry of Education; and submission of a draft bill for consideration by parliament and/or Ministry of Justice.

There is no doubt that Africa today is confronted with many economic, political, social, and developmental problems. The big question and the basic challenge is therefore how best we can tackle these problems especially as we begin and forge ahead in the third millennium. This paper attempts to elucidate a fundamental role that philosophy can play in this regard. It holds that philosophy, as a discipline in the humanities, can help shape fresh ideas that are humanistic in nature in the sense that they encourage free enquiry and social agreement which are vital pillars for a fair and prosperous society; for a society without such genuine humanistic values will show many of the symptoms which are present in contemporary African societies.

The last decade has seen the proliferation of “global health” departments, centers, programs, and majors across top research universities in North America and Europe. This trend has been particularly pronounced in the United States, where it is connected to America′s new role as a major sponsor of HIV treatment in Africa. This paper describes the rise of “global health” as a research, funding, and training priority within U.S. academic medicine, and the increasing desirability of “global health partnerships” with institutions in sub-Saharan Africa. Leading spokespersons emphasize that “partnership” with poor nations is central to the mission of global health, an ethic that distinguishes it from older, more paternalistic traditions of international health and tropical medicine. However, at the same time, the field of academic global health depends on steep inequalities for its very existence, as it is the opportunity to work in impoverished, low-tech settings with high disease burdens that draws North American researchers and clinicians to global health programs and ensures their continued funding. This paradox – in which inequality is both a form of suffering to be redressed and a professional, knowledge-generating, opportunity to be exploited – makes the partnerships to which global health aspires particularly challenging.

This paper focuses on the study of burial practices, including biological anthropology and archaeothanatology, through archaeological excavations of two burial sites in the historical city of Mbanza Kongo, the former capital of the Kongo kingdom. Beyond some aspects related to funerary archaeology, the goal of this paper is to understand the chronology of excavated burials, the spatial distribution of graves and their architecture as well as burials methods. The main objective is also trying to understand how in the burials area, local worship practices alight themselves in a dogmatic and ideological environment influenced by Christianity. The paper aims to compare burials dynamism and practices between ancient’s christian and public cemeteries in Mbanza Kongo as well as those in the Northern provinces of the Kongo Kingdom. This medieval African society at the forefront of cultural blending, has experienced various forms of resilience including in the field of burials.

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen (ZIB) is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fr. Andrzej Halemba, Mambwe Folk-Tales (Mambwe Version), Warszawa, Oficyna Wydawniczo-Poligraficzna “Adam”, 2005, 303 pp; Mambwe Folk-Tales (English Version), Warsaw, Oficyna Wydawniczo-Poligraficzna “Adam”, 2005, 351 pp. (Stanislaw Pilaszewicz), p. 75. Fr. Andrzej Halemba, Religions and Ethical Values in the Proverbs of the Mambwe People (Zambia), Part I, Warszawa, Oficyna Wydawniczo-Poligraficzna “Adam”, 2005, 346 pp.; Religions and Ethical Values in the Proverbs of the Mambwe People (Zambia), Part II: Proverbs, Warszawa, Oficyna Wydawniczo-Poligraficzna “Adam”, 2005, 658 pp. (Stanislaw Pilaszewicz), p. 78. Henry Tourneux (ed.), Topics in Chadic Linguistics III: Historical Studies; Topics in Chadic Linguistics IV: Comparative and Descriptive Studies. Papers from the 3rd Biennial International Colloquium on the Chadic Languages. Villejuif November 24-25, 2005, “Chadic Languages” 4, 5, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2007, vol. 4: 13 1 pp.; vol. 5: 155 pp. (Izabela Will), p. 82. Georg Ziegelmeyer, Aspekt adverbialer Subordination im Hausa, Fulfulde und Kanuri, “Westafrikanische Studien” 33, Köln, Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2008, 240 pp. (Stanislaw Pilaszewicz), p. 86. Anbessa Teferra, Grover Hudson, Essentials of Amharic, Köln, Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2007, 254 pp. (Laura Łykowska), p. 90. Holdger Tröbs, Eva Rothmaler & Kerstin Winkelmann (eds), La qualification dans les langues africaines, „Topics in African Studies” 9, Köln, Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2008, 258 pp. (Stanislaw Pilaszewicz), p. 92. Malin Petzell, The Kagulu Lanuguage of Tanzania: Grammar, Texts and Vocabulary, „East African Languages and Dialects” 19, Köln, Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2008, 234 pp. (Iwona Kraska-Szlenk), p. 94.

This is a plea for closer cooperation of art historians and anthropologists. The history of awareness of the fact that other cultures than Europeans alone recognise and produce art, is chronologically presented. The handling and evaluation of indigenous art is discussed. First admission of African Art as academic discipline at universities in the States. first PhD in 1957, later opening of the first Museum of African Arts in Washington DC in 1987. The history of dealing with the so called non-western art in Europe goes back to the late 19m century but with lesser consequences as public institutions were concerned. Discrepancy of the European evaluation of works of art and indigenous categories of art is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviews of: Adele King, Rereading Camara Laye, Lincoln and London, University of Nebraska Press, 2002, 210 pp. Kamusi ya Kiswahili-Kiingereza. Swahili-English Dictionary. Toleo la kwanza, Dar es Salaam: Taasisi ya Uchunguzi wa Kiswahili. Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam, 2001, 372 pp. „Africa & Asia”. Göteborg working papers on Asian and African languages and literatures, No 2, Department of Oriental and African Languages, Göteborg University, 2002, 214 pp. Herrmann Jungraithmayr, Sindi. Tangale Folktales (Kaltungo, Northeastern Nigeria), „Westafrikanische Studien”, vol. 23, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2002, 455 pp. Linda Hunter, Chaibou Elhadji Oumarou, Aspects of Aesthetics of Hausa Verbal Art, „Wortkunst und Dokumentartexte in Afrikanischen Sprachen”, vol. 9, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2001, 153 pp. Doris Löhr, Die Sprache der Malgwa (Nara Malgwa), Frankfurt am Main: PETER LANG Europäischer Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2002, 336 pp. Philip J. Jaggar, Hausa, Amsterdam-Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2001, 754 pp.