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The article discusses a May 2007 ruling of the appellate court in Munich, Germany which held that sending copies of scientific journal articles via email violates copyright laws in effect. The alternatives explored are to send paper copies by post or to obtain licensing of the technical articles prior to their electronic transmission.

This paper argues against the assertion that several of Kant's writings were published in the form of pirate editions. It seeks to establish that most of the the editions in question (printed between 1769 and 1803) were lawfully printed. Presumably, these editions were to be sold exclusively at book fairs in Frankfurt and Leipzig; both locations are printed on their title pages, although no information on the publisher is provided. The paper also presents crucial results of detailed comparisons of all contemporary editions of Kant's writings and delivers a short historical sketch of eighteenth-century copyright law and the philosophical debate on this topic. Finally, the importance of book fairs for trading and selling books at that time is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wittgenstein Studien. Neue Folge is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie is the property of Vittorio Klostermann and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Computer und Recht is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen & Bibliothekare is the property of Vereinigung Oesterreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ABI Technik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung MIÖEG is the property of Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the application of copyright and licensing law to electronic books in Germany and its implications for German libraries. Differences in the German legal code surrounding the lending of books published on paper or CD-ROM with electronic books are compared by members of the Deutscher Bibliotheksverband library association of Germany and the influence of book publishers on libraries' lending practices is criticized.

The article discusses a paper entitled "Creative Content in a European Digital Single Market" that proposes a number of solutions toward a unified European policy on copyrights and digital reproduction rights for libraries. The German Library Association e.V., however, expressed regret on the report's strong focus on the economic interests of several market participants rather than on the consuming public readership.

In the course of human intelligence development, there is an increase in the volume of intellectual property objects and, accordingly, the need to protect these relations within the framework of the law. In order to study the important and problematic aspects of copyright protection, the analysis of the basis of these relations, namely, of intellectual property is carried out in this research. Stages of formation, concept, and also objects of the intellectual property right both in the Republic of Belarus, and in the foreign states are considered. The block of copyright of the Republic of Belarus, the origin of this institution, the legislation governing these relations are analyzed after that. Belarusian and Russian scientists who have contributed to the study of legal aspects of intellectual property are indicated. The scope of copyright on the objects of intellectual property is revealed in the article, examples of violations of legislation in this area by individuals and legal entities are given and, accordingly, the measures applied by the state to protect copyright are listed. It is specified to what extent and how the use of objects of copyright without permission of the persons having property rights to these objects is carried out. There are distinctions of the rights of workers and employers concerning official works in the legislation of the Republic of Belarus. The problematic aspect related to the implementation of the protection of official works is analyzed and, in this regard, the method of eliminating gaps in these issues in the form of a block of «non-complete» agreements is considered. Today there is an acute problem in the sphere of copyright protection of objects on the Internet. Thus, the paper deals with some aspects of international treaties adopted at the Diplomatic Conference of the World Intellectual Property Organization. The article provides brief statistics on the volume of «piracy» of copyright objects and, accordingly, measures taken to combat this problem. According to the results of the study, it is proposed to introduce amendments and additions to the legislation of the Republic of Belarus, as well as to study the successful international experience in combating violations in the field of intellectual property. В ходе развития человеческого интеллекта происходит увеличение объема объектов интеллектуальной собственности и, соответственно, возрастает необходимость в их защите в рамках закона. В целях исследования важных и проблемных аспектов защиты авторского права в работе осуществлен анализ фундамента данных отношений – интеллектуальной собственности. Рассматриваются этапы становления, понятие, а также объекты права интеллектуальной собственности как в Республике Беларусь, так и в зарубежных государствах. Анализируется блок авторского права в Республике Беларусь, зарождение института интеллектуальной собственности, законодательство, регулирующее данные отношения. Указываются белорусские и российские ученые, внесшие значительный вклад в исследование правовых аспектов интеллектуальной собственности. Раскрывается сфера действия авторского права на объекты интеллектуальной собственности, перечисляются примеры нарушений законодательства в данной сфере со стороны физических и юридических лиц и, соответственно, меры, применяемые государством для защиты авторского права. Указывается, в какой мере и как осуществляется использование объектов авторского права без разрешения лиц, имеющих имущественные права на данные объекты. В законодательстве Республики Беларусь имеются разграничения прав работников и нанимателей, которые касаются служебных произведений. Разбирается проблемный аспект, связанный с осуществлением защиты служебных произведений и, в этой связи, анализируется способ устранения пробелов в виде блока соглашений non-complete. На сегодняшний день имеется острая проблема в сфере защиты объектов авторского права в сети интернет. В работе приводится рассмотрение некоторых моментов международных договоров, принятых на Дипломатической конференции Всемирной организации интеллектуальной собственности. В статье приводится краткая статистика объема «пиратства» объектов авторского права и, соответственно, меры, способствующие борьбе с данной проблемой. По итогам исследования предлагается внесение изменений и дополнений в законодательство Республики Беларусь, а также изучение успешного международного опыта по борьбе с нарушениями в сфере интеллектуальной собственности.

The article discusses the future of private copying on the internet by focusing on why the legally remunerated private copying retains its importance in the context of the new digital forms of use on the internet. It mentions about contract-based usage models with the statutory private copy barrier, with the focus on the objective of an appropriate balance of the rights and interests concerned under the guiding principle of preserving a diverse cultural landscape.

The long-standing archaeological research of the Serbian Vinča culture sites of Belovode and Plocnik has been strengthened with the joint collaborative work with the UCL Institute of Archaeology in the past 6 years. This collaboration yielded scientific demonstration of the world’s earliest copper smelting amongst the excavated materials, c. 7000 years old. In the six years since the first publication of this finding in 2010, a number of detailed analytical studies followed, together with another breakthrough discovery of the world’s earliest tin bronze artefact. This artefact was excavated in a secure context within a Vinča culture settlement feature at the site of Pločnik, which was radiocarbon dated to c. 4650 BC. On the basis of the early metallurgical results from Belovode, the UK Government funded a large international collaborative project from 2012-2015. This included Serbian, British and German teams all of whom brought substantial experience and cutting-edge technology to the study of the evolution of the earliest known metal-making in its 5th millennium BC Balkan cultural context. This project’s forthcoming publications, including a major monograph published by UCL Press, which will be free to download, promise to shed new light on the life of the first metal-making communities in Eurasia, and also outline integrated methodological approaches that will serve as a model for similar projects worldwide. The open, balanced and respectful research atmosphere within our core project team is currently being challenged by an unsubstantiated controversy. This controversy arises from accusations against the project team members by Duško Šljivar, a once an extremely supportive and prominent member of our team. Each of these accusations by Duško Šljivar is completely contradictory to his own previous documented work, and have therefore easily been refuted. The work by Duško Šljivar in question encompasses: two decades of excavations at the sites of Belovode and Pločnik; including single-authored and joint publications prior to 2012, including those with Miljana Radivojević and Julka Kuzmanović-Cvetković; and official field documentation, either signed off solely by him, or together with his co-excavator at the site of Pločnik, Julka Kuzmanović-Cvetković. The first accusation, published in 2014, saw Duško Šljivar deny, together with another colleague, the veracity of his original field journal notes on the context of the previously mentioned tin bronze foil, for which he received an immediate and successful rebuttal. In the second accusation, published in Starinar LXV/ 2015, Duško Šljivar continued with the same practice of denying his own official field journals and publications which he (co-) authored with a series of false accusations relating to the manipulation of the original data from the excavations of the sites of Belovode and Pločnik by Radivojević and Kuzmanović-Cvetković. In the third accusation, Šljivar argues that his copyright was infringed, and that field journals were used without permission. This is despite the fact that these accusations are legally and formally unsupported, and that he shared his data and materials during the course of a long collaboration and co-authorship on a number of articles with both Radivojević and Kuzmanović- Cvetković over the course of the last two decades. In other words, in order to validate his accusations and to seek to damage our untainted academic standings, Duško Šljivar has denied all his professional and academic achievements, research articles, field diaries and formal documents that he ever (co-) wrote and/or signed on the topic. He even goes as far as to exclude a landmark joint publication in an international peer-reviewed scientific journal (Radivojević et al. 2010) from his citation list in order to support his claim that a formal agreement on the joint publishing of Belovode metallurgy results has never been fulfilled. Šljivar also omitted the published rebuttal (Radivojević et al. 2014) to unsubstantiated claims on alleged manipulation of contextual data of the tin bronze foil from the Vinča culture site of Pločnik put forward in a joint article by him and another colleague (Šljivar and Borić 2014). In order to end this malicious debate, we present our rebuttal from 2014 and further elaborate upon it by showing the original quotes from the Pločnik field diary on the day that the tin bronze foil in question was found, and from the concluding remarks of the diary in question. We again clearly demonstrate that there has never been any doubt regarding the secure context of the tin bronze foil within the Vinča culture material, that the Vinča horizon is the only cultural occupation at the site of Pločnik and that no intrusion has ever been observed in the context of this find, not on the day of the discovery, not in the conclusions or the excavation field diary, and not in the first publication of the said find by Duško Šljivar. We have presented a detailed account of this particular case in order to show Šljivar’s contradictory and inconsistent account of the official fieldwork documentation that he co-authored. It would appear that either Šljivar made a false field diary entry regarding the context of the tin bronze foil on the day of its discovery in 2008, or he presented incorrect information in the later joint commentary. The former hypothesis that Šljivar made a false entry in the field diary in 2008 in order to potentially mislead later scholarship does not seem plausible, especially as the object of dispute was not identified as tin-bronze on the day of discovery, but merely as another copper object from Pločnik and therefore not nearly as important to early metallurgical scholarship. To underline further the absurdity of the situation in which we found ourselves with Šljivar, we should also mention Šljivar’s initial agreement to co-author the paper we published in Starinar XLIV/2014, from which he withdrew without offering any constructive comments, only to publicly publish his views as well as professional and personal insults directed towards us in Starinar XLV/2015. The situation where Šljivar had the opportunity to act in his best professional interest was while our article was still in preparation and he chose not to do it; this leads us to assume that professional interests were not his priority on this matter. Finally, Šljivar’s deceitful and erroneous claims were executed in a spiteful language that is unfit for a scholarly journal, and damages both his reputation and the decision of this journal to publish them. We further elaborate on these developments in the broader context of Serbian archaeology, quoting the legislation on the intellectual copyright of excavation directors over the archaeological materials that they have excavated. The current law on Cultural Monuments recognizes the exclusive rights of excavation directors to publish their research for the period of 12 months after the excavations ended. After this period, other interested parties in the field can access the materials and any related field documentation. This demonstrates, alongside previously mentioned scientific arguments, that we have worked with the Belovode and Pločnik materials in accordance with the valid legal regulations. We conclude that there is no formal support for the exclusive interpretation of lives of communities in the sites of Belovode and Pločnik c. 7000 years ago, and emphasise the value of our original scientific contribution as illuminating a particular economic activity of the inhabitants of these two prehistoric villages. Finally, we call for the reinforcement of existing procedures in Serbia so that our profession can prevent any future misconduct such as that exemplified in the attempt by Duško Šljivar.

This paper deals with recognizing the public domain as a fundamental common heritage through a case study analysis. Public domain legal protection will be taken into account, too. In particular, the case study is referred to the universally known work of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry "Le Petit Prince", which in 2015 entered into public domain in all Europe apart France. In this Country, because of a number of measures, the works of Saint-Exupéry will be protected by copyright until 2032. In addition, the The Little Prince characters were registered by the aviator and writer's heirs as trademarks, which duration is potentially unlimited.

The paper speaks about the way in which Ivo Andric Foundation gained the copyright to his work and problems of getting permission for publishing his works. The special emphasis is put on the case of publishing Andric’s works The Damned Yard, The Bridge on the Drina, Chronicles of Travnik and Short Stories in the edition Croatian literature of B&H in one hundred books of Central Croatian Cultural and Publishing Society Sarajevo, positive legal regulations regarding copy and related rights as well as inheritance right.

The article reports on a conference on scholarly publishing, copyright, and fair use in Germany, held in Berlin, Germany, on October 25, 2012. The papers presented at the conference, some of which are presented in this issue of the journal, covered such topics as the history of copyright reform efforts in Germany, copyright limitations and exceptions, and the relationship between publishers and libraries.

Copyright of Bibliothek Forschung und Praxis is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bibliothek Forschung und Praxis is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Presents an abstract of the article 'Fotocopie en Auteursrecht,' by A.M.W. Jordans, published in the journal "Bibliotheekleven." Description of the position regarding copyright and the photographic reproduction of printed material in England, Germany, Austria, France, U.S. and Switzerland; Discussion of the general copyright laws; Photocopying as an essential aid to research; Suggestion that the present practice is justified on the grounds that copying is undertaken instead of borrowing, rather than buying the original