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The Maternity Protection Act is intended to protect the mother and the child from hazards, excessive demands and damage to health in the workplace, and from financial disadvantages and loss of employment. However, the objectives defined by the Maternity Protection Act-the safety and health of the pregnant employee on the one hand and the prevention of disadvantages in working life on the other-are not yet adequately achieved in the intensive care unit (ICU). Implementation of the Maternity Protection Act to the benefit of all involved parties should also be promoted in the specialist areas represented by the DIVI, in particular the work of pregnant physicians and nursing staff and other working specialists (respiratory therapists, physiotherapists, speech therapists, psychotherapists, and social workers) in the ICU. The aim of this paper is to raise awareness of the need to consider each pregnant and breastfeeding staff member individually and to work together to find a personal solution for continuing to work in the ICU. Possible ways and solutions to achieve this goal are outlined and practical examples are given for implementation in everyday clinical routine. These are also based on comprehensive presentation of activities according to a traffic light color-code system for all occupational groups. Arguments against pregnant employees working in the ICU are discussed and possible solutions are presented., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)

Copyright of Die Anaesthesiologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Employed informal caregivers often experience role conflicts between caring for an elderly person in need of care at home and their employment. The goal of this paper was to identify a risk profile of care-related termination of employment., Methods: Analyses are based on the cross-sectional Benefits of Being a Caregiver Study (October 2019 - March 2020) with data from 481 informal caregivers of elderly persons in need of care. The data collected relate to characteristics of the care recipient, the informal caregiver, and the caregiving situation, as well as aspects of the employment situation. The risk profile of care-related cessation of employment is based on a binary logistic regression., Results: Approximately one in nine in the present sample (n=55) terminated employment because of having to offer informal care to an elderly person at home. Factors characterizing the risk profile of a care-related termination of employment were female gender of the caregivers, younger age of the care receiver, co-residence with the care receiver, and a higher care level of the care receiver., Conclusions: In order to reduce care-related cessation of employment, support and relief services need to be adapted to the factors of the identified risk profile. In particular, the form and content of informal caregiver counselling should be modified in order to reach informal caregivers at an early stage. Adapted support programs should focus on and reach in particular female employed caregivers., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).)

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The German research data center for health will provide claims data of statutory health insurances. The data center was set up at the medical regulatory body BfArM pursuant to the German data transparency regulation (DaTraV). The data provided by the center will cover about 90% of the German population, supporting research on healthcare issues, including questions of care supply, demand and the (mis-)match of both. These data support the development of recommendations for evidence-based healthcare. The legal framework for the center (including §§ 303a-f of Book V of the Social Security Code and two subsequent ordinances) leaves a considerable degree of freedom when it comes to organisational and procedural aspects of the center's operation. The present paper addresses these degrees of freedom. From the point of view of researchers, ten statements show the potential of the data center and provide ideas for its further and sustainable development., Competing Interests: Stefanie March, Falk Hoffmann, Holger Gothe, Ingo Meier, Sebastian Claudius Semler, Christoph Stallmann, Enno Swart und Peter Ihle erklären, dass Sie innerhalb der vergangenen 3 Jahre Gutachtertätigkeit für das Bundesministerium für Gesundheit ausgeübt haben, und einzelne Autor*innen am begleitenden Arbeitskreis zum Forschungsdatenzentrum Gesundheit beim BfArM beteiligt sind., (The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).)

Copyright of Raumforschung und Raumordnung is the property of Oekom Verlag GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Voluntaris: Journal of Volunteer Services & Civic Engagement / Zeitschrift für Freiwilligendienste und Zivilgesellschaftliches Engagement is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim of the Study: There is greater deployment of external staff in the German health care system. In political debates as well as in demands of employers' organizations, economic aspects are raised. But the point of view of those affected should not be neglected. This paper aims to describe different perspectives of professional groups., Methodology: The empirical results are based on eleven partly structured interviews. These were subjected to Mayring's qualitative content analysis. The group of interviewees consists of representatives of the care sector, workforce representatives and personnel management., Results: While employing temporary personnel in ward care of patients, economic, social and professional aspects should be taken into account by all professions involved in the German health care system., Conclusions: In discussions on this subject, besides rising costs, professional and social acceptance as well as training programs and special introductions are very important., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenskonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Implications for successive employment after general nursing education programmes - a multi-perspective study Abstract., Background: The passage of the new education law will restructure the entire nursing education system in Germany, including the broad implementation of two former pedagogical pilot programmes - a generalist nursing programme and an academic nursing programme. So far, little research has been done to determine whether these new programmes, particularly the generalist nursing programme, equip students with suitable competencies., Aim: This paper seeks to determine how well alumni from the generalist nursing pilot programme in Baden-Württemberg are actually prepared for the nursing profession compared to the expectations of potential employers, especially those in the field of geriatrics., Methods: In a research project conducted on behalf of the Baden-Württemberg Foundation, one hundred nurses, who were graduates from a generalist nursing pilot programme, were asked to fill out questionnaires. Furthermore, eleven human resources experts from within the nursing industry were interviewed. The results of both parts were compared and contrasted using a triangulated convergence model., Results: The generalist nursing programme graduates' responses showed a preference for acute care nursing activities, and the respondents generally evaluated career paths within the field of geriatrics as less desirable. This sentiment mirrored employers' apprehensions. Alumni and experts alike agreed on the greater need for continuing education after the completion of a generalist nursing programme., Conclusion: For the implementation of the new nursing education bill, the question has to be clarified how the preferences of graduates of generalist nursing programme can be matched with the personnel needs of various nursing care settings. The anticipated skill and grade mix will require novel staff deployment strategies as well as tailor-made continuing education concepts.

Copyright of Hessische Blätter für Volksbildung is the property of wbv Media GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Industrielle Beziehungen is the property of Rainer Hampp Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The Federal Employment Agency (Bundesagentur für Arbeit, BA) and the German Pension Insurance (Deutsche Rentenversicherung, DRV) are the major institutions responsible for vocational rehabilitation (VR) in Germany. The following paper compares the characteristics of persons in vocational rehabilitation and the utilization of rehabilitation services between those two institutions and presents short-term developments., Methods: Administrative data of the BA and the DRV were made comparable. The study analyses persons who have completed VR between 2011 and 2015., Results: We observe an increased use of VR services for both the BA and the DRV. Furthermore, the results show an absolute and proportional increase in persons being employed at the time of approval of VR and in persons receiving technical assistance. The clients of the BA are younger and better educated than the clients of the DRV. The clients of the DRV are more frequently employed at time of approval and receive mainly technical assistance., Conclusions: Though due to different regulatory responsibilities, BA and DRV clients in VR differ particularly in age, we observe comparable developments in the populations addressed and the interventions provided., Competing Interests: Die Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Exclusion of individuals with mental disorders is common, especially exclusion from the work force. This paper investigates the role of work and the reintegration into the workforce of patients with mental illness from the mental health professional's perspective. Within a qualitative study design, 44 mental health professionals from different settings and regions in Germany were interviewed. The material was transcribed verbatim and a content analysis was conducted. It can be shown that work and inclusion in the workforce is an important topic and that occupational status is discussed early in the treatment process. However, the roles of mental health professionals in different settings vary considerably. Within treatment settings, specific concepts and structured cooperation facilitating the reintegration of patients with mental illness into the workforce are largely lacking., Competing Interests: Interessenkonflikt: Die Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

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Copyright of Zeitschrift fur Wirtschaftspolitik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Uncertainty, unfolding in the most extreme forms in the period of one of the greatest global challenges– a threat to the health and wellbeing of people, caused by the pandemic, is gaining a form difficult toconceive in temporal and conceptual terms. In the perception of students, the young people on the brinkof the first employment, the uncertainty primarily reflects in the estimate of possibilities of finding ajob and opportunities to construct a professional identity. This paper examines the potential role ofpersonal branding in the improvement of student opportunities to find the desired job, as well as theimportance of higher education institutions as strategic partners in the process. This paper, among others,also emphasizes the importance of empowering students towards the recognition of the role of theirknowledge and competencies acquired during the studies; the role which does not correspond to banal,oversimplified reduction of the role of education as means to meet the labour market needs.

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Copyright of Sozialer Fortschritt is the property of Duncker & Humblot GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sozialer Fortschritt is the property of Duncker & Humblot GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

More natural than analytical thinking, design thinking provides solutions to common dilemmas. Fundamentally, it is a human centered and collaborative approach. It all starts with empathy, through the help of a deep research. Furthermore, banking success resides from understanding customers, not exclusively from profits. It is necessary to figure out human thinking, the needs and desires of customers, in order to have a portfolio of appropriate products and services. This is where success comes from. Having this desideratum, the paper analyzes the characteristics of the design thinking method and the digital elements that appear in the banking sector. Certainly, the biggest challenges in the banking system are generated by the digital transformation, by emphasizing the relationship with customers and current social trends. Consequently, Bank of America is an example of a successful application of the design thinking method. Likewise, the beneficial impact that the design thinking method can have on the bank’s employees should not be ignored. Through this research paper, there was analyzed the environment of the banking system which is influenced by design thinking.

Copyright of Industrielle Beziehungen is the property of Rainer Hampp Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper analyzes the „Eingliederungsvereinbarung" from a perspective of constitutional political economy. The „Eingliederungsvereinbarung" (§ 15 SGB II) is a formal contract between registered unemployed persons and the German Federal Employment Office (Bundesagentur für Arbeit) with the objective of reintegrating the jobless person into the job market promptly. It regulates the so-called „Eingliederungsstrategie" which defines the mutual rights and duties between the employment office and the jobless person. Using qualitative date the paper highlights existing shortcomings of the „Eingliederungsvereinbarung" and suggests necessary improvements. Although the „Eingliederungsvereinbarung" matches the constitutional interest of jobless people of being reintegrated into the job market the actual arrangement of this social policy instrument run contrary to its purpose. To gain a deeper understanding of the dynamic process of negotiating this contract, a theoretical model is developed which allows for a clear distinction between the level of rules and the level of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Health inequalities in the working population may partly be due to the unequal exposure to work-related risk factors among different occupational positions. Empirical data, however, exploring the distribution of exposures at work according to occupational position for Germany is missing., Objectives: This paper summarizes existing literature on occupational inequalities and discusses the role of working conditions. In addition, using European survey data, we study how various exposures at work vary by occupational class., Materials and Methods: Analyses are based on the European Working Condition Survey, and we compare the German sample (n = 2096) with the sample from the EU-27 countries (n = 34,529). To measure occupational position we use occupational class (EGP-classes). First, we describe the prevalence of 16 different exposures at work by occupational class for men and women. Second, we estimate regression models, and thereby investigate if associations between occupational class and self-perceived health are related to an unequal distribution of exposures at work., Results: For various exposures at work we found a higher prevalence among manual workers and lower-skilled employees for both physical and psychosocial conditions. With few exceptions only, this finding was true for men and women and consistent for Germany and Europe., Conclusion: Results indicate that the unequal distribution of health-adverse conditions at work contribute towards existing health inequalities among the working population.

Copyright of Journal for Sociology of Education & Socialization / Zeitschrift für Soziologie der Erziehung & Sozialisation is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Participation in working life improves the health outcome of mentally ill individuals. The paper reviews the current situation of mentally ill individuals and barriers to enter the open labour market. Barriers are discussed and the contribution of mental health professionals is outlined. Implications for research and best practice are considered., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Aims: To explore pregnancy and motherhood in cystic fibrosis patients from the women's perspective., Methods: Data were assessed with a purpose designed questionnaire and the paper focuses on the following sections: "pregnancy and birth" (feedback of significant others, women's knowledge, concerns, and overall judgement), and the "first year as a mother" (overall judgement)., Sample: 38/73 mothers filled in the questionnaire; mean age was 33.8 y ± 7.1 y and mean age of firstborn child was 6.9 y ± 5.7 years. Nine women had more than one biological child. 18 mothers (47 %) were currently employed, 12 of whom with 19 to 30 hours per week and none full-time. Mean FEV1 in perc. Pred. was 66 ± 19 %., Results: Pregnancy in CF should be planned and prepared, and this was achieved in 28 women, while 10 pregnancies were unplanned. The feedback of significant others towards wish for child/pregnancy was more positive in those who planned. Mothers' own parents reacted least enthusiastic, irrespective of whether or not pregnancy had been planned. The feedback of CF-teams differed according to women's lung function. The women's knowledge about "pregnancy and CF" was rather poor. Their concerns predominantly referred to detrimental effects of CF medication to the unborn child., Conclusions: Motherhood is increasingly becoming an option for young women with CF. Therefore, CF-teams are well-advised to proactively engage them in a dialogue about wish for child and impact of CF on motherhood. Knowledge about pregnancy/motherhood and CF should be increased., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

It has been shown that socio-economic status (SES) and health are closely linked to one another. Now we focus on further questions, and one of the most important ones is whether these "health inequalities" increase with time. In Germany, there is little discussion about this question and no review summarising the empirical evidence is available.This review focuses on 4 dimensions: time trends of health inequalities concerning mortality (or, respectively, life expectancy), self-rated health, smoking and obesity. First we included all empirical analyses from Germany, and all analyses from other European countries published between 2008 and 2012. Then, step-wise, 44 studies (including 5 from Germany) were selected by predefined criteria for a detailed -description of empirical results and methods.The number of publications has strong-ly increased in recent years, illustrating the growing interest in time trends of health inequalities. The empirical results of the 44 studies could be summarised in the following way: All in all, 184 empirical results are reported about time trends in health inequalities and 112 of them show increasing inequalities; decreasing inequalities are shown in 13 reports. The studies from Germany point in the same direction (i. e., most results indicate increasing health inequalities). It is also important to stress that there is great -heterogeneity concerning the methodical approaches. Some studies analyse health inequalities by individual socio-economic status (e. g., educational level), others by regional deprivation. Sometimes changes in the extent of health inequalities over time are not calculated explicitly. Some papers do not include absolute and relative measures of inequalities, but just one of them.In Germany, there is a need for more empirical studies looking at time trends of health inequalities; the available datasets should be used more often for this type of analysis. If possible, further studies should include individual SES and regional deprivation, measures of absolute and relative inequality (stratified by sex, with significance tests for time trend), and they should cover as many points in time as possible. Also, it would be important to relate the chang-es in health inequalities to the other changes in the society., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Background: The fear of a shortage of physicians in some regions of Germany is growing. A drain of physicians into non-clinical activities is being discussed as a possible reason. To counteract this drain the extent of physicians' thinking about leaving patient care and the corresponding reasons need to be elucidated., Methods: All physicians upto 40 years of age and registered with the State Chamber of Physicians of Saxony (n=5,956) received a paper-pencil questionnaire inquiring about socio-demographics, job satisfaction, thinking about leaving patient care, and corresponding reasons. Reponse rate was 40% (n=2 357)., Results: Nearly a quarter of the physicians working in patient care thought about leaving patient care. Practicing in a hospital and having children were significantly associated with think-ing about leaving patient care. The main reasons were poor compatibility of profession and family, high burden due to shifts, poor compatibility of profession and private interests, high work load, and frequent overtime hours., Conclusions: Development and implementation of measures preventing especially long-term or permanent leave is crucial. Approaches enabling physicians to reconcile work and family play a special role., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Immobilienökonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines paving stones. Everyday objects widely regarded as culturally, socially, and aesthetically low because of their location on the ground, paving stones have been used in the plastic arts, for example, by Robert Filliou and Joseph Beuys, since the student revolt in Paris in May 1968. The study considers the historical, political, and social uses of paving stones in France by analyzing how, after emerging as »pavé du Roi«, as paving material for royal roads in the 17th century, revolutionaries piled them in the streets of Paris during the July Revolution of 1830 and the following revolts, thereby establishing a subversive tradition. In May 1968, students revolting in Paris erected barricades of paving stones to evoke the past revolutions. Because these expressive heaps of paving stones had no tactical function in a strictly military sense, the paper reasons that it was the students' evocative use of paving stones that initiated their employment in the arts and display in exhibition spaces. The study concludes by arguing that the subversive potential of the paving stones, now lying in showcases, finally removed from their potentially revolutionary use in the streets, only informs the political content of art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This article investigates employment of retired persons with different ethnic backgrounds, namely Germans, ethnic Germans and immigrants. The central issue of this paper addresses the influencing factors on employment during retirement., Data and Methods: A total of 25,304 recipients of statutory pension payments were analyzed using administrative data of the German Pension Insurance and the Federal Employment Agency. The parameters of being employed, whilst drawing statutory pension payments, were determined by means of a binary probability model., Results: About 20% of the investigated pensioners hold an occupational activity. In the majority of cases this activity equates to part-time employment. Not only the amount of pension received, but also lack of continuous employment prior to retirement influence whether retirees stay in the labor force. Furthermore there are differences between Germans and immigrants., Conclusion: The combination of the influencing parameters on working beyond retirement permits the conclusion that persons who face the risk of old-age poverty are more likely to work when they are retired.

For demographic reasons, the German labor force will decrease dramatically and it will be much older on average. However, labor demand, especially for qualified workers, is expected to remain high. This paper focuses on the possibilities of expanding the labor force by increasing the participation rates of women and older persons. Herein, the change in the labor force is decomposed with respect to population and labor participation and, moreover, the effects of higher participation rates are simulated. The decomposition and simulation scenarios are based on data published by the Institute for Employment Research. The analysis clearly reveals that the effect of a considerably higher labor participation of women and older workers will disappear over time when the working-age population shrinks more and more. In addition, individuals who are currently unemployed or out of the labor force are not skilled enough. Since it seems difficult to get more qualified workers in the short and even in the medium term, improving the conditions for women and older people to take up jobs should be tackled soon. This includes investments in education and health care.

People with severe mental disorders are often without work, although work may have a positive effect on their health. The paper presents some results in this field from the German S3 guidelines on psychosocial therapies. In terms of evidence-based medicine supported employment (SE - first place then train) has proven to be most effective. Nevertheless, SE is still rare in Germany. Pre-vocational training, however, follows the concept first train then place and is offered in rehabilitation of the mentally ill (RPK) centres in Germany. There is some evidence that the programs are beneficial for users. The UN Convention for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities outlines an obligation for work on an equal basis with others and for vocational training. So far, the German mental health system only partly meets these requirements.

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Copyright of Schmollers Jahrbuch is the property of Duncker & Humblot GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper quantifies the effects of increased employment of elderly persons on the growth potential of the German economy until 2030. Starting from an analysis of the labour market situation of elderly persons today, we construct nine scenarios for the future development of the employment level of the elderly. These scenarios differ in participation rates, unemployment rates, and hours worked of the elderly. For each scenario, we then calculate the corresponding production potential of the German economy and percapita income levels. The difference in per-capita income in 2030 between the scenarios with the highest and lowest employment level is 10 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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