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Copyright of Praehistorische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Languages for Specific Purposes is the property of University of Oradea, Faculty of Economic Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Graeco-Latina Brunensia is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper intends to describe the new social and economic conditions that emerge from the recent economic crisis and the austerity policy in Greece and affect the social integration of young people in Greek society. Social inequality has sharpened, one third of the population lives below the poverty line, and the number of homeless has increased considerably. The deteriorating situation in the Greek labor market is presented and the position of young people which is seriously affected by unemployment, low wages, job uncertainty, deterioration of labor conditions is documented. Due to these circumstances many young people marry late (after 30 years of age) and about one third is forced to stay ii their parents household. Although working conditions had already been difficult before the crisis, they sharpened considerably after 2009 so that one of two young people up to 24 years of age and one of four between 24-34 years of age are unemployed. Young women and persons with a university degree face special difficulties to find a job. The prospects for a future amelioration of this situation are very dark. Under these conditions the question for the young generation in Greece whether to stay in the country or go abroad and find a job, is becoming crucial. Taking these into consideration the future prospects are rather disappointing. A whole generation cannot live and ameliorate its living conditions in comparison to the previous generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the first decade of the 20th century Russians enjoyed a predominant position on Mount Athos. There were more Russian monks than Greek, their monastic establishments had turned into flourishing economic enterprises, flooded with pilgrims, the mainstay of the venture. The intention of this paper is to study the origin and the social, cultural and political bases of this apparent success, to trace influences of governmental and ecclesiastic bureaucracies, and to find out, if there were attempts at transforming this position of soft power into a firm stronghold of imperial politics. The infrastructure organised for providing transport, shelter and food, as well as the pilgrims' temporal and spiritual experiences were points of equal interest. Besides the rich scholarly literature, the main sources used for this study were published correspondences, diaries and memoirs, materials from contemporary periodicals, and especially the travellers' and pilgrims' reports. After Russia's defeat in the Crimean War Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich had conceived the encouragement of pilgrimage to Mount Athos as part of a wider scheme for regaining lost imperial positions in the Christian East. Yet open hostility of the Greek, and more covert opposition of the Russian monks caused the failure of a program, fairly successful in Palestine, on Mount Athos. Instead, the Russian monks could develop a network of their own, satisfying the pilgrims' temporal and spiritual needs right from their starting points in Russia up to the "Celestial Queen's terrestrial appanage". According to the regulations of Mount Athos all these services were provided free of charge. With donations of the pious from all layers of Russian society, however, the "Russian Athos" turned out a to be tremendous economic success, independent of government subsidies and influences. Governmental offices and ecclesiastic hierarchy with few exceptions kept a distrustful distance from this achievement of Russian civil society, which Greek jealousy nicknamed "peasants' empire". Far from making use of this cultural asset in the Eastern Mediterranean, the bureaucracy of the established church, helped by official diplomacy, initiated the collapse of the "Russian Athos" even before World War I, and the Bolshevik seizure of power broke its lifeline connecting it with Russian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jahrbuch der Europäischen Integration is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article reports on the conference "Weiter- und Wiederverwendungen von Weihestatuen in griechischen Heiligtümern," held at the Archaeological Institute of the University of Zurich, Switzerland, on January 21-22, 2011. The papers presented various perspectives on the re-utilization and refurbishment of consecrated statues in ancient Greece, from the Minoan to the Roman periods, including legal aspects, memory culture, and archaeological discoveries.

Ecotourism is proposed as an alternative, to mass tourism, avenue of tourist growth is proposed for Crete. Ecotourism will contribute to the development of the region, through the exploitation of its natural beauty, while preserving the island's natural environment. This paper is about upgrading the quality of and protecting the natural environment of the region, as Crete is an island full of beauties and astonishing physical divergence that will amaze its visitors. Our research aim was to select the appropriate form of ecotourism that will lead to the tourist and social upgrade of Crete while being friendly to the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a critical reply to the paper " Warum war Athen eine Demokratie? Ein spieltheoretisches Modell ," by Hanno Scholtz. The author writes that Scholtz's hypothesis on why Athens, Greece was formed as a democracy, when all the other city-states and countries were autocratically ruled. The author also further examines the model devised by Scholtz, using game theory, although he does provide some criticism on Scholtz's use of the term "democracy."

Ved. bhari means 'to stamp, to trample'. This meaning confirms the disputed relationship with Hitt. parh-mi 'to chase, to hunt' and its derivation from PIE *bherh2-. The Hittite text KUB 35.145 mentions the god Perwa- beside parhant- 'chased' in a characteristic situation. Therefore it is possible that Perwa- and parh-mi are also related. Under these circumstances the most likely reconstruction of Perwa- is *bhḗrh2o- (or *bhérh2o-) 'the chasing one', denoting a god of wild animals. In this regard it is remarkable that all three, bhari, parh-mi and Perwa-, are connected with horses. The laryngeal in *bhḗrh2ohas been deleted like in *h1erh2eh2 > *h1ereh2 > *erā in Gr. ἔραζε 'on the earth'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers critical remarks to the text of four epigrams of the Greek Anthology, namely V 39 (Nikarchos), VII 562 (Julian of Egypt), VII 597, and IX 794. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the architecture and building techniques used in early Christian and Byzantine churches on the Greek island of Naxos. Information is provided on the construction and decoration of temples on the island which were subsequently converted into churches, the reuse of antique towers as Christian churches and Byzantine chapels is examined, and the construction of the parish church of Paros, Greece is described.

Copyright of Praehistorische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Leviathan: Zeitschrift für Sozialwissenschaft (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: A number of designations for diseases, medicines and human body structures derive from classical mythology. To date, these eponyms have not been systematically investigated., Objectives: This paper provides an overview of this fringe component of medical vocabulary, looks at the history of several terms and formulates hypotheses as to why such creative etymologies have come into being., Materials and Methods: In addition to relevant texts on ancient mythology, a variety of medical textbooks from the early modern period were analyzed., Results: Between the 16th and the 20th centuries some 30 figures from Greek and Roman literature made their way into the terminology of medical sciences. A few of these expressions can be encountered in clinical use (e. g., Caput Medusae, Proteus, Oedipus complex) and remain official anatomical (atlas, Achilles tendon) or pharmaceutical nomenclature (atropine, morphine). The choice of these designations has often been similarity of form or analogies in function. Classical eponyms have gained acceptance on account of their succinctness, conciseness and scholarly veneer. Finally, this vocabulary shares its origin with other relevant terminology., Conclusions: In clinical classes, mythological designations can serve as a point of departure for digressions into literary, art and medical history in order to provide an understanding of cultural traditions and enhance education.

300 years ago, the lawyer Theodosius Schöpffer coined the notion gerontology. On this occasion, this paper offers terms and corresponding concepts of gerontology which arose in the western tradition: 1. From the Graeco-Roman antiquity until 1750, gerocomy (the care for the elderly) was defined as a branch of medicine, but in practice almost did not exist. Basically, it provided instructions for a way of life in conformity with the physiological circumstances of elderly people. Its implementation was left to the patient. Furthermore, in the early modern times medical treatises dealt more frequently with diseases of the elderly and their therapy. The gerokomia succeeded in evolving a specific technical literature. Yet it failed to get institutionalized. 2. At the beginning of the 20th century, Ignaz Nascher interpreted geriatrics as a counterpart to pediatrics and opposed it to a clinical-pathological consideration of old age before 1900. He aimed at the exploration and treatment of old age as an autonomous physiological entity. Under the influence of the demographic transformation the institutionalization of geriatrics as a interdisciplinary branch within medicine could be realized relatively soon. 3. Around 1930, we experience the recreation of the notion gerontology, initially restricted to medical gerontology. However, with the integration of the non-medical sciences of old age the spectrum and the objectives changed. Today gerontology signifies on a international level a generic term or independent scientific discipline beside medicine. This evolution corresponds with the intentions pursued 300 years ago.

The history of the mentally ill in Greece, at least from the foundation of the Kingdom of Greece in 1832 until the incorporation of the Ionian Islands in 1864, is without either lunatic asylums or specialised psychiatrists. Instead, it is a history of the intermingling of two psychiatric concepts. On the one hand, the imported "professional psychiatry" supported by government and Western education physicians and, on the other hand, the indigenous (autochthon) "folk psychiatry" supported by the majority of the people and by the Orthodox church. The interaction of both systems resulted in the phenomenon of the Greek "monastery asylum". This paper, based on rich archival material, presents this little-known chapter of Greece psychiatry from the view-point of social history.

The present paper discusses "tongue rolling" observed in dairy cattle farms of a region in northern Greece associated with manganese deficiency. In these animals total body manganese status was evaluated by determining hair, as well as feed manganese content. Cows exhibiting tongue rolling had significantly lower hair manganese content, compared to non-tongue rolling control animals from other farms; in addition, feedstuff analysis demonstrated that manganese and inorganic phosphorus intake of affected cows was also significantly lower.

Andrade's disease, which is a type of familial amyloidosis, is not common in Greece and seems to be restricted to the region of Heraklion, Crete. The authors describe a case of Andrade's disease which began with ocular symptoms when the patient was 29. After two years the full clinical picture of the disease developed. The ocular symptoms are often the first manifestations of this fatal disease. The paper includes the family tree of the patient, proving the hereditary origin of the disease.