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Relevance of the study. Currently, information obtained during monitoring, including monitoring of forest lands, is of particular importance for making informed decisions on the development of natural potential. A feature of these works today is the lack of combination of data collection procedures, their processing with models of structural elements of forest lands, which requires a solution to the problem under consideration. The aim is to form, according to the results of system monitoring, a system of interconnected decision-making algorithms in the field of forest land use in industrial regions. The methodology for the formation of a system of interrelated decision-making algorithms in the field of forest land use in industrial regions is based on the use of mathematical models of natural objects of forest ecosystems, natural phenomena in them and forest-forming processes, on the procedures of a comprehensive assessment and optimization of forest land use in industrial regions in accordance with current provisions of the concept of environmentally sustainable development of territories. Results and their application. The algorithms for decision-making in the use of forest lands based on the results of system monitoring are considered: substantiation of strategic indicators of sustainable development of forest lands in industrial regions in the face of modern challenges and risks; comprehensive ecological and economic assessment of the natural resource potential of forest lands; determination of leeways of permissible use of forest lands in industrial regions in specific climatic and socio-economic conditions; coordination of individual interests of land users on forest lands with public preferences for the development of industrial regions; multi-criteria optimization of the use of forest lands in industrial regions. The main principles of forecasting the parameters of a comprehensive assessment of forest lands, the use of the indicator of consumption of net primary products of forest ecosystems, the sequence of greening the economy of the use of forest lands in industrial regions, justification of concessions to the extreme values of particular criteria in multi-criteria optimization are given. The proposed additional indicators of sustainable development of forest areas in the Middle Urals, the results of calculations on the change in the natural resource potential of forest lands in the subsoil use area are presented; the substantiation of the multicriteria optimization of the use of raw material resources of forest lands is given. Conclusions. The proposed decision-making algorithms in the field of systemic monitoring of forest lands are intellectual support for users in the analysis of information in the field of land relations. They provide a substantive dialogue that allows you to form the necessary information in a user-friendly form, adjust the data processing process and make decisions.

Was bedeutet es, ein Mensch zu sein? Über diese Frage haben sich Menschen für Jahrtausende Gedanken gemacht – von den Mythen und antiken Philosophie bis zum Trans- und Posthumanismus. In dem letzten Jahrhundert, in den Zeiten des technologischen Durchbruches, wird dieses Problem erneut thematisiert. In der Massenkultur, besonders in den filmischen Medien triumphiert der Cyborg – der künstliche Mensch. Auf Basis dieser Figur können Probleme des Menschseins aus einer neuen Perspektive gesehen werden. Die zentrale Forschungsfragen dieser Arbeit können so definiert werden: Wie wird der Cyborg in Science-Fiction-Filmen dargestellt und was kann dieses Bild über die Konstruktionen von menschlicher Subjektivität und Definitionen des Menschlichen sagen? Wie veränderte sich dieses Bild im Zeitraum von 1927 bis 2016 und inwieweit ist das von den soziokulturellen und politischen Konstellationen abhängig? Zu den theoretischen Grundlagen der Arbeit gehören Konzepte aus der philosophischen Anthropologie, der Psychoanalyse, sowie aus den Film- und Medienwissenschaften. Für die Analyse wurden Filme (bzw. Serie) aus verschiedenen Epochen des Science-Fiction-Genres ausgewählt: Metropolis (1927), Blade Runner (1982), Westworld (2016). Zu den in der Arbeit angewandten Methoden zählen Filmanalyse, Diskursanalyse und Bildanalyse. Auf der Basis des Cyborg-Bildes werden wiederkehrenden elementarsten Einheiten des Diskurses über das menschliche Subjekt in den Science-Fiction-Filmen sowohl in sprachlicher, als auch in visueller Form ausgesucht und danach größere narrative Muster identifiziert. Zu den behandelten Themen gehören das Problem des Verhältnisses zwischen Mensch, Technik und Wissenschaft, Vorstellungen von Emotionen und kognitiven Prozessen, das Problem der Definition des menschlichen Subjekts, die Frage nach der Existenz des freien Willens sowie Darstellungen der weiblicher Subjektivität., What does it mean to be human? People have reflected on this question for thousands of years – from myths and ancient philosophy to trans- and posthumanism. In the last century, in the times of technological breakthroughs, this problem is being addressed again. In mass culture, especially in cinematic media, the cyborg – the artificial human – has become triumphant. Based on this figure, problems of being human can be seen from a new perspective. The central research questions of this thesis can be defined thus: How is the cyborg portrayed in science fiction films and what can this image tell us about constructions of human subjectivity and definitions of the human? How did this image change in the period from 1927 to 2016 and to what extent is this dependent on socio-cultural and political constellations? The theoretical foundations of the work include concepts from philosophical anthropology, psychoanalysis, as well as film and media studies. Films (and series) from different periods of the science fiction genre were chosen for the analysis: Metropolis (1927), Blade Runner (1982), Westworld (2016). The methods used in this paper include film analysis, discourse analysis, and image analysis. Based on the cyborg image, recurring elementary units of the discourse on the human subject in the science fiction films are searched out in both linguistic and visual forms, and then larger narrative patterns are identified. Among the themes addressed are the problem of the relationship between the human, technology, and science; conceptions of emotion and cognitive processes; the problem of defining the human subject; the question of the existence of free will; and representations of female subjectivity.

This review presents the discussion on “Freedom and Arbitrariness. The Relevance of Kant’s Ethics and the Modern World”, which took place at the 16th Philosophical Workshop “I. Kant and the Current Problems of Modern Philosophy” held in Saratov on 14 May 2019. The discussion was organised by the Department of Ethics and Esthetics at the Philosophical Faculty of the N. G. Chernyshevsky Saratov State University and the Department of Ontology and Epistemology of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (Moscow). The discussion of Kant’s treatment of the problem of freedom was prompted by the historical and philosophical context of the perception of his ideas by German and Russian Neo-Kantians as reflected in the presentations and interventions during the course of the discussion.

Der Beitrag widmet sich der gegenwärtigen Entwicklung der Filmindustrie und Filmkultur in Irland, insbesondere dem Aspekt der Stadtdarstellung und der filmischen Konstruktion des städtischen Raums im irischen Spielfilm des 21. Jahrhunderts. Dies wird im Kontext der politischen, wirtschaftlichen und kulturellen Veränderungen Irlands zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts analysiert, zurückblickend auf die Veränderungen des Landes im 20. Jahrhundert. Die Diskussion wird aufgebaut zwischen theoretischen Ansätzen irischer Filmwissenschaftler_innen wie Kevin Rockett, Ruth Barton, Harvey O'Brien und soziologischen Theorien von Michel de Certeau und Marc Augé. In diesem Zusammenhang wird abschließend die filmische Konstruktion des Raums im Film ADAM & PAUL (2004) von Lenny Abrahamson analysiert.

The article considers and solves the problems of adapting the mathematical models, used in calculating operational characteristics of diesel engines burning mineral diesel oil, to engines converted to RME biofuels. The analysis of mathematical models of calculating the main technical and economic characteristics of diesel engines as well as the parameters of the in-cylinder process and the concentration of toxic substances in the exhaust gases is performed. The need for adjusting the calculation algorithms is also demonstrated. The computer programs based on single-zone thermodynamic models are used in the research. The programs of mathematical modelling are modified, i.e. supplemented with the algorithm for calculating energy characteristics of the combustion products (e.g. specific heat capacity, internal heat, the lower calorific value, etc.). Based on the computer programs, modified for examining diesel engines burning biofuels, the computer-aided mathematical modelling experiment is carried out. The results of modelling are compared with the data obtained in testing the diesel engine 1A41. The mathematical modelling performed demonstrates the accuracy acceptable for solving practical problems: the difference between the obtained calculation results and diesel engine testing data for the load range of (1.0÷0.5)Pinomdoes not exceed ± 5÷7%. Higher accuracy of modelling the characteristics of diesel engines, operating in the low- and medium-load modes, may be accounted for by the adjustment of the algorithm for calculating the induction period and the on-set phase of fuel injection. First Published Online: 12 Apr 2011

This paper analyzes stealth trading by corporate insiders in US equity markets. Stealth trading is the practice to break up trades into sequences of smaller trades. We find that stealth trading is pervasive and distinguish two explanations. The first argues that insiders break up trades in order to conceal private information about the fundamental value of the stock, whereas the second holds that insiders act like discretionary liquidity traders who want to reduce the tem-porary price impact from trading large stakes. We find some, but inconsistent evidence for information-based explanations, but strong and unambiguous evidence for liquidity-based ex-planations. These conclusions hold across subsamples for transactions before and after the Sarbanes-Oxley act and for NASDAQ as well as NYSE stocks.