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Although there are several ways of creating new words, the article investigates the morphological process that is referred to as lexical blending. Even if this minor word-formation process is increasingly popular, it is still not clearly defined and limited. This process is present in many languages, and is clear proof of how inventive a language can be. The first part of the article presents an examination of defining characteristics of blending and blend words according to different authors. The second part of the article is of a practical nature. Some of the key characteristics of blends discussed in the first part are tested on the basis of a corpus, which was compiled specifically for this purpose and contains 458 English and 396 French blends. Blends from each language are analysed separately in order to reveal any major discrepancies between English and French. The focal points of the analysis are the lexical categories of blends and of the source words entering each blend, the presence or absence of shortening of source words, the type of shortening of source words, the structural patterns of blends, the presence or absence of overlap between the source words, the type of overlap and the frequency of infixation. These parameters are corroborated by the statistical analysis of the corpus in order to reveal any prominent structural patterns in both languages. Additionally, some of these points of analysis are compared to the findings presented by Vincent Renner in “French and English lexical blends in contrast” (2018). His study includes 97 French and 374 English blends from two corresponding dictionaries in both languages, namely the Grand Robert de la langue française and the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary.

The copulation of insects takes place in antipodal, inverse antipodal, sympodal, inverse sympodal, reverse sympodal, pseudosympodal, epipodal, reverse epipodal, crucipodal, semiepipodal, reverse semiepipodal, clinopodal, schizopodal, reverse schizopodal, inverse schizopodal, semischizopodal, reverse semischizopodal, orthopodal, reverse orthopodal, lateralopodal, parallelopodal, indirect parallelopodal, indirect frontalopodal, pseudoepipodal, inverse pseudoepipodal, cyclopodal, pseudocyclopodal and sinusoidal position of male and female. The copulation of stick insects or walking sticks (Phasmatodea) takes mainly place in epipodal and semiepipodal position of male and female as well as subordinately to accessorily also in crucipodal, schizopodal, parallelopodal, inverse antipodal, orthopodal and antipodal position of both partners, whereas other positions of male and female do not occur in the pairing of stick insects or walking sticks. The copulation of heelwalkers or gladiators (Mantophasmatodea) takes exclusively place in epipodal and partially established crucipodal position of male and female, whereas other positions of both partners do not occur in the pairing of heelwalkers or gladiators. The copulation of ice crawlers and rock crawlers (Grylloblattodea) takes mainly place in epipodal and partially established crucipodal position of male and female as well as subordinately also in antipodal position of both partners, whereas other positions of male and female do not occur in the pairing of ice crawlers and rock crawlers. The copulation of cockroaches (Blattodea) takes almost exclusively place in antipodal position of male and female and only occasionally probably also in epipodal position of both partners, whereas other positions of male and female do not occur in the pairing of cockroaches. The copulation of twisted wings (Strepsiptera) takes exclusively place in inverse pseudoepipodal position of male and female, whereas other positions of both partners do not occur in the pairing of twisted wings. The copulation of fringed wings or thripses (Thysanoptera) takes place in reverse epipodal, reverse semiepipodal, crucipodal, reverse schizopodal and antipodal position of male and female, whereas other positions of both partners do not occur in the pairing of fringed wings or thripses. The copulation of earwigs (Dermaptera) takes mainly place in antipodal position of male and female as well as subordinately to accessorily also in schizopodal and parallelopodal position of both partners, whereas other positions of male and female do not occur in the pairing of earwigs. The copulation of moss bugs or beetle bugs (Hemiptera: Coleorrhyncha) takes probably place in epipodal position of male and female. The copulation of fleas (Siphonoptera) takes exclusively place in reverse epipodal position of male and female, whereas other positions of both partners do not occur in the pairing of fleas. The copulation of barklice and booklice (Psocoptera) takes mainly place in reverse epipodal position of male and female as well as subordinately also in antipodal and reverse orthopodal position of both partners and possibly sometimes even in epipodal position of male and female, whereas other positions of both partners do not occur in the pairing of barklice and booklice. The copulation von plant lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) takes mainly place in epipodal and orthopodal position of male and female and occasionally also in schizopodal and parallelopodal position of both partners, whereas other positions of male and female do not occur in the pairing of plant lice. The copulation of lice (Phthiraptera) takes mainly place in reverse epipodal and inverse antipodal position of male and female as well as possibly occasionally also in epipodal and schizopodal position of both partners, whereas other positions of male and female do not occur in the pairing of lice. The copulation of ground lice or angel insects (Zoraptera) takes mainly place in inverse antipodal position of male and female as well as subordinately also in reverse epipodal and parallelopodal position of both partners, whereas other positions of male and female do not occur in the pairing of ground lice or angel insects. The copulation of jumping bristletails (Archaeognatha), silverfish or fishmoths (Zygentoma) and two-pronged bristletails (Diplura) takes exclusively place in indirect parallelopodal position of male and female, whereas other positions of both partners do not occur in the pairing of jumping bristletails, silverfish or fishmoths and two-pronged bristletails. The copulation of springtails (Collembola) takes mainly place in indirect parallelopodal position of male and female and subordinately also in indirect frontalopodal position of both partners, whereas other positions of male and female do not occur in the pairing of springtails. The different positions during the copulation of stick insects or walking sticks (Phasmatodea), heelwalkers or gladiators (Mantophasmatodea), ice crawlers and rock crawlers (Grylloblattodea), cockroaches (Blattodea), twisted wings (Strepsiptera), fringed wings or thripses (Thysanoptera), earwigs (Dermatoptera), moss bugs or beetle bugs (Hemiptera: Coleorrhyncha), fleas (Siphonaptera), barklice and booklice (Psocoptera), plant lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha), lice (Phthiraptera), ground lice or angel insects (Zoraptera), jumping bristletails (Archaeognatha), silverfish or fishmoths (Zygentoma), springtails (Collembola) and two-pronged bristletails (Diplura) are described, and the systematical distribution of the different positions during the pairing is explained and illustrated with examples from the individual orders, families and genera of stick insects or walking sticks (Phasmatodea), heelwalkers or gladiators (Mantophasmatodea), ice crawlers and rock crawlers (Grylloblattodea), cockroaches (Blattodea), twisted wings (Strepsiptera), fringed wings or thripses (Thysanoptera), earwigs (Dermatoptera), moss bugs or beetle bugs (Hemiptera: Coleorrhyncha), fleas (Siphonaptera), barklice and booklice (Psocoptera), plant lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha), lice (Phthiraptera), ground lice or angel insects (Zoraptera), jumping bristletails (Archaeognatha), silverfish or fishmoths (Zygentoma), springtails (Collembola) and two-pronged bristletails (Diplura). Distribution and abundance of the different positions in the copulation of male and female in the different orders of insects are summarized in the tables 1 - 6 in the attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the consequences for libraries concerning the digital transformation of the humanities in light of the long history and close connection of scholarship with libraries. The article follows the basic methods and techniques of the humanities: discovery, annotation, comparison, referencing, amalgamation, illustration, and presentation. The guiding thesis is that libraries need to become more involved in the humanities' research process, and are indeed now becoming a fundamental part of the research process in which the boundaries between research and service need to be renegotiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The copulation of insects takes place in antipodal, inverse antipodal, sympodal, inverse sympodal, reverse sympodal, pseudosympodal, epipodal, reverse epipodal, semiepipodal, reverse semiepipodal, clinopodal, schizopodal, inverse schizopodal, semischizopodal, orthopodal, reverse orthopodal, lateralopodal, parallelopodal, pseudoepipodal, cyclopodal, pseudocyclopodal and sinusoidal position of male and female. The copulation of beakflies (Mecoptera) takes mainly place in schizopodal and sympodal position of male and female as well as subordinately also in epipodal and antipodal position of both partners, whereas an inverse antipodal, inverse sympodal, reverse sympodal, pseudosympodal, reverse epipodal, semiepipodal, reverse semiepipodal, clinopodal, inverse schizopodal, semischizopodal, orthopodal, reverse orthopodal, lateralopodal, parallelopodal, pseudoepipodal, cyclopodal, pseudocyclopodal and sinusoidal position of both partners does not occur in the pairing of beakflies. The copulation of beakflies (Mecoptera) takes place in different positions in the scorpionflies (Panorpidae), the hangingflies (Bittacidae) and the snow scorpionflies (Boreidae). The schizopodal position of both partners in the pairing occurs in the copulation of beakflies (Mecoptera) only in the scorpionflies (Panorpidae) but not in the hangingflies (Bittacidae) and the snow scorpionflies (Boreidae). The epipodal position of both partners in the pairing occurs in the copulation of beakflies (Mecoptera) only in the snow scorpionflies (Boreidae) but not in the scorpionflies (Panorpidae) and the hangingflies (Bittacidae). The sympodal position of both partners in the pairing and the antipodal position of both partners in the pairing occur in the copulation of beakflies (Mecoptera) only in the scorpionflies (Panorpidae) and the hangingflies (Bittacidae) but not in the snow scorpionflies (Boreidae). The copulation of snakeflies (Raphidioptera) takes mainly place in inverse antipodal, epipodal, semiepipodal and antipodal position of male and female as well as subordinately also in semischizopodal position of both partners, whereas a sympodal, inverse sympodal, reverse sympodal, pseudosympodal, reverse epipodal, reverse semiepipodal, clinopodal, schizopodal, inverse schizopodal, orthopodal, reverse orthopodal, lateralopodal, parallelopodal, pseudoepipodal, cyclopodal, pseudocyclopodal and sinusoidal position of both partners does not occur in the pairing of snakeflies. The copulation of alderflies (Megaloptera: Sialidae) takes place in epipodal, reverse semiepipodal, orthopodal, lateralopodal and antipodal position of male and female, whereas an inverse antipodal, sympodal, inverse sympodal, reverse sympodal, pseudosympodal, reverse epipodal, semiepipodal, clinopodal, schizopodal, inverse schizopodal, semischizopodal, reverse orthopodal, lateralopodal, parallelopodal, pseudoepipodal, cyclopodal, pseudocyclopodal and sinusoidal position of both partners does not occur in the pairing of alderflies. The copulation of fishflies (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) takes place in antipodal, epipodal and clinopodal position of male and female, whereas an inverse antipodal, sympodal, inverse sympodal, reverse sympodal, pseudosympodal, reverse epipodal, semiepipodal, reverse semiepipodal, schizopodal, inverse schizopodal, semischizopodal, orthopodal, reverse orthopodal, lateralopodal, parallelopodal, pseudoepipodal, cyclopodal, pseudocyclopodal and sinusoidal position of both partners does not occur in the pairing of fishflies. The copulation of stoneflies (Plecoptera) takes mainly place in epipodal position of male and female as well as subordinately also in antipodal, lateralopodal, schizopodal, inverse schizopodal and orthopodal position of both partners, whereas an inverse antipodal, sympodal, inverse sympodal, reverse sympodal, pseudosympodal, reverse epipodal, semiepipodal, reverse semiepipodal, clinopodale, semischizopodal, reverse orthopodal, parallelopodal, pseudoepipodal, cyclopodal, pseudocyclopodal and sinusoidal position of both partners does not occur in the pairing of stoneflies. The copulation of caddisflies (Trichoptera) takes mainly place in antipodal position of male and female as well as subordinately also in schizopodal, orthopodal and pseudosympodal position of both partners, whereas an inverse antipodal, sympodal, inverse sympodal, reverse sympodal, epipodal, reverse epipodal, semiepipodal, reverse semiepipodal, clinopodal, inverse schizopodal, semischizopodal, reverse orthopodal, lateralopodal, parallelopodal, pseudoepipodal, cyclopodal, pseudocyclopodal and sinusoidal position of both partners does not occur in the pairing of caddisflies. The copulation of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) takes mainly place in reverse semiepipodal position of male and female as well as subordinately also in antipodal and sympodal position of both partners, whereas an inverse antipodal, inverse sympodal, reverse sympodal, pseudosympodal, epipodal, reverse epipodal, semiepipodal, clinopodal, schizopodal, inverse schizopodal, semischizopodal, orthopodal, reverse orthopodal, lateralopodal, parallelopodal, pseudoepipodal, cyclopodal, pseudocyclopodal and sinusoidal position of both partners does not occur in the pairing of mayflies. The different positions during the copulation of beakflies (Mecoptera), snakeflies (Raphidioptera), alderflies (Megaloptera: Sialidae), stoneflies (Plecoptera), caddisflies (Trichoptera) and mayflies (Ephemeroptera) are described, and the systematical distribution of the different positions during the pairing is explained and illustrated with examples from the individual orders, families and genera of beakflies (Mecoptera), snakeflies (Raphidioptera), alderflies (Megaloptera: Sialidae), stoneflies (Plecoptera), caddisflies (Trichoptera) and mayflies (Ephemeroptera). Distribution and abundance of the different positions in the copulation of male and female in the most important orders of insects are summarized in the tables 1 - 3 in Mader (2019). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The copulation of insects takes place in antipodal, inverser antipodal, sympodal, inverser sympodal, reverse sympodal, epipodal, reverse epipodal, semiepipodal, reverse semiepipodal, clinopodal, schizopodal, semischizopodal, orthopodal, reverse orthopodal, lateralopodal, parallelopodal, pseudoepipodal, cyclopodal, pseudocyclopodal and sinusoidal position of male and female. The copulation of grasshoppers (Orthoptera) takes mainly place in epipodal position of male and female as well as subordinately also in inverse antipodal, antipodal, clinopodal and schizopodal position of both partners and occasionally even in sympodal, inverse sympodal, orthopodal, reverse orthopodal, reverse epipodal, reverse semiepipodal and lateralopodal orientation of male and female, whereas a cyclopodal, sinusoidal, reverse sympodal, semiepipodal, semischizopodal, parallelopodal, pseudoepipodal and pseudocyclopodal position of both partners does not occur in the pairing of grasshoppers. The copulation of praying mantids (Mantodea) takes mainly place in epipodal position of male and female as well as subordinately also in clinopodal and schizopodal position of both partners and occasionally even in sympodal and parallelopodal orientation of male and female, whereas a cyclopodal, sinusoidal, antipodal, inverse antipodal, inverse sympodal, reverse sympodal, reverse epipodal, semiepipodal, reverse semiepipodal, semischizopodal, orthopodal, reverse orthopodal, lateralopodal, pseudoepipodal and pseudocyclopodal position of both partners does not occur in the pairing of praying mantids. The copulation of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) takes exclusively place in cyclopodal position of male and female. The different positions during the copulation of grasshoppers (Orthoptera) and praying mantids (Mantodea) as well as dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) are described, and the systematical distribution of the different positions during the pairing is explained and illustrated with examples from the individual orders, families and genera of grasshoppers and praying mantids as well as dragonflies and damselflies. Distribution and abundance of the different positions in the copulation of male and female in the most important orders of insects are summarized in the tables 1 - 3 in the attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, the Amalgamation of 1914 brought together the protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria, thus forming one country — Nigeria. However, the ordinances of the colonial government did not reflect that as it denied the people access to the land and mineral resources, vesting both in the Crown. This has in turn impacted on the Socio-economic development of the Nigeria area even years after independence. This is because the ordinances under the new gab of Land and Mineral Acts, have offered the neo-colonial actors and their allies the opportunity to continue to corner for themselves large spans of land and oil blocs. This in the opinion of the paper is largely responsible for mass landlessness, low economic activities/productivity among the people (especially among professionals whose means of livelihood are tied to land), boundary disputes as well as occupational conflicts in parts of the country. The paper using qualitative analysis, seeks to interrogate the relationship between the Amalgamation, Land/Mineral Ordinances and the implications of these on socio-economic developments in the area.

The expulsion of the Germans from the Riesengebirge effected the tradition of the Rübezahl legend. In the Czech context the tradition of the pre-war period lived on, in which Rübezahl served as a symbol of the region, on the one hand strengthening the regional identity, on the other hand used as a generally understandable brand. Therefore some monuments of German-Bohemian culture could be incorporated into the Czech context. It was not until the 1970s, under the influence of mass media, that the prototypical representation of Rübezahl became a fairy tale hero. The image of the mountain ghost in the remembrance of expellees tended to be stereotyped, too, and to use the ancient, legendary tradition of the moody demon. Both identity-forming stereotypes conflicted with each other, which was gradually overcome only after the “Wende”. Rübezahl plays a central role in tourist marketing, and the broad range of representational possibilities leads to varied amalgamations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Moderne Staat is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is part of the wider project Grammatica Balkanica, the intentions of which have already been mentioned in previous publications. The present study is based on standard languages and its focus is laid less on historical than on typological aspects. Before dealing with the Balkan languages, a similar approach on the Romance languages was conducted. The present paper discusses the differences and similarities in the formation of the grammatical number in the standard Balkan languages. Formation models will be delivered based on examples. The same approach should be applied to all Slavic languages. The aim of the whole project is to examine the differences and similarities between languages regarding the morphological and syntactic formation patterns, the phenomena of their convergence and divergence, the extent to which these factors are connected to cultural history and cognitive development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to analyze the theoretical, political and organizational bases of the territorial division of the country into municipalities as well as empirical data of Estonian municipalities and offer a research direction for identifying conceptual solutions to the development problems in Estonian municipalities. The analysis of the theoretical approaches to municipal size pointed out that they are fragmented and incompatible. Some authors support small municipalities, and others large. The theoretical reasoning of both those directions is often strongly simplified and biased and a unified metatheoretical approach has not been established. The empirical analysis revealed that there is no empirical evidence to confirm either the presence of significant size related advantages among municipalities or the existence of an optimal municipal size considering current municipal functions and financing. The lack of theoretical and empirical evidence on the necessity for administrativeterritorial reform means that merging municipalities alone cannot significantly improve the public service delivery capacities and economic and democratic development of Estonian municipalities and that future studies should focus on analyzing public services from the perspective of their economic efficiency, quality and accessibility, and in doing so, determine the optimal size of regions for providing the various public services.

This article is part of the wider project Grammatica Balkanica, the intentions of which have already been mentioned in previous publications (see Kahl, Lindenbauer, Metzeltin 2010, 70-89). The present study is based on standard languages and its focus is laid less on historical than on typological aspects. Dealing with the Balkan languages, we considered a similar approach on the Romance languages appropriate. The present paper discusses the differences and similarities in the formation of the grammatical number in the standard Romance languages. Formation models will be delivered based on examples. The same approach should be applied to Slavic languages. The aim of the whole project is to examine the differences and similarities between languages regarding the morphological and syntactic formation patterns, the phenomena of their convergence and divergence, the extent to which these factors are connected to cultural history and cognitive development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a report from a February 20-22, 2009 conference in Freiburg, Germany on the historical transfer of mining knowledge and eperts hosted by the science history department at the Universität Regensburg university in Regensburg, Germany and the institute for science and technology history at the Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg technical college. Topics of presentations delivered included Austrian scientist Baron Ignaz von Born's development of the amalgamation process for silver ore purification, transfer of technical mining expertise in the Habsburg monarchy, and the 18th-century importation of mining expertise by the Swedish government.

Copyright of Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)