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To understand the diversity of stored grain insects in northwest China, we have fulfilled insect collection in 56 grain storage enterprises, 60 grain, oil and feed processing plants and 65 farmers situated in 26 cities of five provinces (Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang) in northwest China from 2016 to 2017. After systematical identification, totally 83 species of stored grain insects have been found in this investigation, belonging to five orders, namely Class Insecta Order Zygentoma, Order Coleoptera, Order Lepidoptera and Order Hymenoptera, as well as Class Arachnida Order Chelonethida, in which Order Coleoptera owns 74 species in 22 families, Order Lepidoptera owns six species in four families, Order Zygentoma and Order Hymenoptera own one species in one family respectively, and Class Arachnida Order Chelonethida has one species in one family. After the statistics of four insect investigations in northwest China during 1955-2017, this paper has analyzed the results of four insect investigations and the representative stored grain insects in northwest China.

Browning of KX7349 maize during drying occurred mainly in the pericarp layer. Browning was caused by oxidation of water soluble matter in the pericarp layer. Moisture content had no significant influence on browning rate. Drying temperature, drying time and drying method (vacuum drying or hot-air drying) had significant influence on the browning rate. Through lab research, a prediction model for the relationship between browning rate and drying air temperature was developed. Total drying time is y=- 13.086+0.289X1+1.045X2, where y is the browning rate（%）, X1 is drying temperature（℃）, X2 is total drying time（h）, the value range of X1 was 30～80, the value range of X2 was 2～10. The concurrent and counter current dryer was applied in Nenjiang to optimize the drying process. The hot air temperature in each drying stage was reduced. When the hot air temperature of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd drying stage was reduced to 95℃,75℃,60℃ respectively, the browning rate was reduced to 15%～16%. Keeping the hot air temperature constant at each drying stage, by drying twice, the browning rate was reduced to 4%～6%.

The lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica is one of the serious cosmopolitan stored grain pests worldwide. High phosphine resistant R. dominica has been reported in several countries. The evolution of strong phosphine resistance is a major challenge for continuous application of the fumigant. Rapid detection of phosphine resistance level is a prime key to implement an appropriate strategy for control the stored-product pests. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) is a key metabolic enzyme mediating the phosphine resistance in population of R. dominica, Tribolium castaneum and Caenorhabditis elegans. Analysis of the DLD sequences deposited in GenBank revealed that the P45/49S mutation was the most common one in many PH3-resistant stored-product pest insects. This information now enables direct detection of resistance using molecular diagnosis in field populations. We herein propose a method for rapid detection of phosphine resistance in R. dominica according to P49S point mutation of the DLD gene. Our data provides evidence that the ARMS-PCR method can be used for early warning of phosphine resistance in R. dominica in field conditions.

This study aims to investigate the characteristics of the efficient evolution of China’s iron and steel industry against the backdrop of limited openness and regulation and to discuss the important effects of regulatory policy and total factor productivity (TFP) of China’s iron and steel industry. The method adopted the Cobb–Douglas production function combined with a semi-parametric method to decompose productivity. This study based on the micro-level dataset of iron and steel enterprises in the database of China’s industrial enterprises between 1998 and 2007 that investigated the intrinsic correlation among corporate entry and exit, market competition of existing enterprises, and TFP growth in the iron and steel industry. The results of the research show that the entry-exit would promote the growth of the aggregate productivity, while the low efficiency of resource allocation would significantly inhibit the TFP growth. The basic conclusion is that, with substantial government intervention in enterprise investments, market competition may not promote optimal resource allocation efficiency in China’s iron and steel industry, but make the allocation less efficient.

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C27H38MnN2O9, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 14.9473(14) Å, b = 17.8744(16) Å, c = 12.5536(11) Å, β = 122.596(5)°, V = 2825.7(5) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0423, wRref(F2) = 0.1295, T = 298 K [1], [2], [3]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]