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Copyright of Clinical Research in Cardiology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archiv für Orthopädische und Unfall-Chirurgie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Primary central nervous system lymphoma of non-Hodgkin's type are distinguished from systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma because of their different pathobiological behaviour. Predisposing factors are pharmacologically induced immunosuppression and those referring to diseases. We present the case of a patient who was sent to hospital in case of emergency due to pain of one half of the face. The symptoms corresponded essentially to neuralgia of the trigeminal nerve. During course other neurological symptoms showed up. The right diagnoses of a primary central nervous system lymphoma of non-hodgkin's type was finally made post mortem. The case especially reveals the difficulties of diagnosis - including negative and confusing MRI-findings - and the variety of differential diagnosis of this also in not immunosuppressed persons more and more frequent kind of tumor.

The application of temporary vena cava filters for the treatment of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity has become increasingly important in recent years. The filters are supposed to guarantee temporary protection from more extensive pulmonary embolism. Occlusion of the filter system by a larger embolus as well as vena cava thrombosis including the filter struts present major therapeutic problems. We report on one patient in whom the temporarily inserted filter was trapped in a large vena cava thrombus and had to be removed surgically by caval thrombectomy. Because of possible complications such as the above, the indication for insertion of temporary vena cava filters requires thorough consideration. Their duration of stay should be as short as possible and should be limited to the high risk phase, not exceeding ten days.

Severe constipation is a well recognized symptom amongst disabled or mentally ill patients. Characteristically, these patients live without bowel movements for days and present themselves with abdominal distension and fecal impaction. Inpatient treatment is necessary frequently. Due to intestinal obstruction, diagnostic approaches are often delayed because of lack of cooperation. Data of 94 disabled patients with severe obstipation are presented. 54 patients were admitted to inpatient treatment of constipation or bowel obstruction, 40 were treated for another diagnosis but had severe constipation which required intervention. Ileus or conservatively untreatable constipation led to 16 operations in 14 patients (polypectomy 2, rectopexy 1, cecostoma 5, left hemicolectomy 3, subtotal colectomy 5). Cecostomata are considered not to be effective as definite treatment whereas colonic resection resulted in daily bowel movements.

The clinical relevance of transcranial Doppler sonography for the evaluation of cerebral perfusion and cerebrovascular regulatory mechanisms, as well as for the registration of embolic events, has increased considerably as a technique of non-invasive monitoring. The continuous measurement of blood flow velocities in two different vessel segments, either ipsilateral or contralateral, is limited by intricate probe fixation and positioning for optimal insonation of the vessel on the one hand. On the other hand probes are displaced frequently during anaesthesiological measures, so that continuous registration during induction of anaesthesia is not always guaranteed. In view of these limitations, a new probe-positioning and holding device has been developed and tested in a clinical study of patients undergoing cardiac surgery (n = 22). The newly designed probe-positioning and holding device allowed the unilateral adjustment and continuous measurement of the blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (Vmca) from anaesthesia induction to endotracheal intubation in all patients (n = 9). This was possible in only 61.5% (n = 8) of the patients who were monitored via conventional mode of probe fixation (n = 13). The new method rendered possible the positioning, insonation and measurement in two vessel segments in 77.8% of the patients, in contrast to 53.8% of the patients where the conventional technique was used. The newly designed probe holding device meets all standard requirements from the anaesthesiological viewpoint, and facilitates the perioperative application of transcranial Doppler sonography for non-invasive monitoring.

Based on the development of systematic investigations into child growth in the GDR, the importance of normal values of exact anthropometric parameters, which have to be checked every 10 years, is to be emphasized. For this reason, 1500 patients of the Pediatric Clinic of the Erfurt Medical School in the age between 1 and 3,5 years, were anthropometrically measured applying the slightly modified definitions by Martin-Saller 1959. Body length, trunk length, width of shoulders and pelvis as well as 10 limb measures and 7 skull measures were taken.

The effect of lithium on the cAMP metabolism was studied in rat brain. It was shown that: 1. Acute and subacute doses of lithium have no effect on the cAMP content of the forebrain of rats while chronic administrations significantly reduce the cAMP level in the brain by 30%; 2. the activities of the cerebral cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterases are not affected by lithium in vitro; 3. the adenyl cyclase in rat brain homogenates stimulated by sodium fluoride and noradrenaline is inhibited dose-dependently in the mM range and 4. adenyl cyclase in isolated cells from the rat forebrain is very sensitive to inhibition by lithium in the therapeutically relevant microM range. With all due caution in transferring experimental results to the mechanisms of action of drugs in humans, it is obvious from these results in comparison with the effect of lithium on hormone-sensitive adenyl cyclases from extracerebral tissues that the effect of lithium salts in manic psychoses may be due to inhibition, and their prophylactic action probably to a "stabilizing" of cerebral adenyl cyclases.

Mean values and standard deviations found in a population of 1500 children in the age between 1 and 3,5 years of 21 anthropometric parameters are given. They are statistically different and can be used as normal values. The growth of boys and girls is shown to be steady with age, in particular, as for as length and width measures are concerned. There are some significant sex differences. The practical use of the results is tested at present.

The changes in the EEG were put in relation to the clinical course and liver function tests in 3 cases of acute poisoning by Amanita phalloides. Within discrete disturbances of liver function, distinct paroxysmal changes and increased interspersion of epsilon waves in the EEG are already found on the second day after taking the fungi. The liver dystrophy developing in the later course, recognisable by Quick values below 2%, at first only produces a small increase in the EEG changes. On the 5th or 6th day, severe general changes in the EEG appear along with symptoms of confusion to delirium. At this time, no further deterioration of the laboratory findings were demonstrable, but on the contrary we already even found a distinct improvement in the liver function. With further continuous increase in the clotting factors, the EEG becomes increasing slower in the next 4 days and after surviving this stage, improves very quickly thereafter. Our findings show that in poisoning with Amanita phalloides, EEG changes may become manifest even before the appearance of psycho-pathological changes and do not correlate directly with the tangible technical liver function tests of the laboratory.