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COMPAS: software solution for complex construction projects In a construction project, different disciplines such as architecture, engineering, specialist planning and executing construction companies work together. Different software solutions are used for the design, the static analysis of the structure and for production planning. Adjustments in the design and planning have to be incorporated manually into each individual software solution, which is time‐consuming. For complex geometries and innovative construction methods, additional analyses and adjustments are required, which is hardly feasible with today's software solutions. COMPAS was developed for efficient data transfer between different software environments and thus promotes innovation in the construction industry. COMPAS is an open source computational framework that can be used independently of commercial software solutions. It has a geometry database, flexible data structures for different disciplines and algorithms for calculations such as structural analysis. There are numerous COMPAS extensions for specific applications such as assembly planning, timber construction, robotic fabrication and additive manufacturing. In early 2023, the COMPAS association was founded to promote further development and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negation can be conveyed through various forms in a language. In Chinese, bù is the most common negative form, and it can also be a morpheme of a compound word which expresses negation and/or concepts closely associated with negation, e.g. modality and contrast. In order to capture most types of Chinese words carrying these concepts, we investigate Chinese words containing bù. This study first classifies bù-related words into seven categories according to the word structure and the negative connotation of bù as a morpheme retained in the word. The categorisation is then applied to the wordlists of a research article corpus and a conversational corpus. The results show that there are many fewer occurrences of bù as a negator in research articles than in conversation, and that there is greater use of four-syllable Chinese idioms (chéngyǔ) in research articles than in conversation. In addition, different sets of bù-related words are used to express contrast and modality.

After an introduction and brief review of charge transport in nanoscale molecular systems we report on experimental studies in gold | (single) molecule | gold junctions at solid | liquid interfaces employing a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)-based 'break junction' technique. We demonstrate attempts in developing basic relationships between molecular structure, conductance properties and nanoscale electrochemical concepts based on four case studies from our own work. In experiments with ?, ?-alkanedithiol and biphenyldithiol molecular junctions we address the role of sulfur-gold couplings and molecular conformation, such as gauche defects in the alkyl chains and the torsion angle between two phenyl rings. Combination with quantum chemistry calculations enabled a detailed molecular-level understanding of the electronic structure and transport characteristics of both systems. Employing the concept of 'electrolyte gating' with redox-active molecules, such as thiol-terminated derivatives of viologens (HS-6V6-SH or (HS-6V6)) we demonstrate the construction of symmetric and asymmetric active molecular junctions with transistor- or diode-like behavior upon polarization in an electrochemical environment. The experimental data could be represented quantitatively by the Kutznetsov/Ulstrup model assuming a two-step electron transfer with partial vibration relaxation. Finally, we show that surface-immobilized gold nanoparticles with a diameter of (2.4 ± 0.5) nm exhibit features of locally addressable multi-state electronic switching upon electrolyte gating, which appears to be reminiscent of a sequential charging through several 'oxidation/reduction states'.