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The article advances linguistic synergetics as a new interdisciplinary research approach to language studies. It starts with a brief outline of origin and development of synergetics that was to become the methodological basis of linguistic synergetics. Then the article covers application of synergetic principles to linguistic research with special emphasis laid on the two principal branches – synergetics of language and synergetics of speech. Finally, key concepts of synergetics useful for linguistic analysis are listed and regarded in detail. Synergetics is seen as a unified approach to various complex systems study that originated within sciences. It promotes integrity of methods elaborated in various disciplines and variety of models to represent complexity of organic and inorganic systems. Successful application of concepts and methods of the synergetic approach to the description of biological, physical, historic, social, and even economic phenomena has revealed similarity, if not universality of principles of evolution of complex systems. As a result, synergetics has made it possible to launch a wide variety of interdisciplinary interrelationships. Investigation of language within the synergetic paradigm is determined by features of language as an open self-organised synergetic system. Multidimensional ontology of language has made it possible to employ synergetic methodology in the various studies of language. At the present stage, linguistic synergetics includes the following two principal branches – synergetics of language and synergetics of speech. The main task of linguistic synergetics is to reveal, describe and explain the mechanism of the inner dynamic structure of a language using research principles of synergetics as a paradigm of complexity. Key concepts of linguistic synergetics include ‘a closed / open system’, ‘linearity / non-linearity’, ‘self-organisation’, ‘dissipation’, ‘order (control) parameters’, ‘fluctuations’ and ‘bifurcations’, ‘stability (equilibrium) / instability’, ‘an attractor’, ‘a fractal’.

Our group focuses on the development of computational methods derived from quantum mechanics and their application to a variety of challenging systems ranging from (bio-)molecules over coordination compounds to solar light-driven processes. In this review, we describe our recent activities for accurate calculation of spectroscopic properties. Emphasis is put on forefront methods for vibrational spectroscopy, in particular with respect to condensed phase systems, based on ab initio molecular dynamics. This approach has several advantages compared to standard static approaches and proven to be a highly valuable tool for in-depth analysis of complex systems.

In this paper a method to obtain harmonic transfer matrices (HTM) from simulated or measured values (signature & signature response) is presented. These matrices subserve a description of complex systems (e.g. RF front-ends) with real properties, which can't be specified by simple analytic expressions. They afford to give statements about a systems parameter. That's why HTM are suitable for Built-In-Self-Test (BIST) and opens the option for Built-In-Self-Correction (BISC) for critical function-blocks.

The treatment of scattering processes in remote sensing for interpretation of satellite data is demonstrated in the visible and microwave spectral range comparing the two spectral ranges. Analogies and distinctions in the treatment of the scattering processes are shown. Based on this cognition an approach for traffic simulation is outlined. Simulating the traffic of a part of a city, a whole city or a larger area in an acceptable time is one of the tasks in recent traffic research. One possible approach is the areal treatment of the road network. That means that single streets are not resolved but are introduced into simulations only by parameters that correspond to a specific traffic area resistance. The aim of this work is to outline such a possibility using experiences obtained from the theory of radiative transport to simulate scattering processes and applying them to the very complex system of traffic simulation.

A thorough theoretical description of ultrafast phenomena that occur in complex systems constitutes a formidable challenge. It not only necessitates the use of quantum mechanical methods that can describe ground and possibly even electronically excited state potential energy surfaces with sufficient accuracy but also calls for approaches that can take the real-time dynamics of a system and the coupling between its electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom fully into account. Over the last years, our group has been active in the development of mixed quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) methods for the in situ simulations of dynamical phenomena in ground and excited states within the adiabatic (Born-Oppenheimer) approximation. Recently, we have extended our theoretical tools with the explicit inclusion of nonadiabatic effects in the framework of Ehrenfest dynamics and Tully's fewest switches surface hopping. These extensions allow the theoretical description of nonadiabatic ultrafast phenomena in the gas phase as well as in solution, and complex biological environments.

Schwarmintelligenz ist ein neuartiges Konzept aus dem Bereich der Künstlichen Intelligenz. Es basiert auf der Beobachtung, dass Tierschwärme zu einer Art intelligenten Verhalten fähig sind. Der Artikel beschreibt zunächst die biologischen Grundlagen und skizziert, wie sich in einer Gruppe interagierender Individuen auf Grund von selbstorganisierenden Prozessen intelligentes Verhalten ausbilden kann. Schließlich werden noch mögliche Anwendungen aus dem Bereich der Computeralgorithmen und Robotik diskutiert.

The idea put forward in I that also such algebras which do not fulfil the axiom of powerassociativity may allow in some cases physical interpretation, is illustrated by a mathematical model showing properties similar to the Cartesian coordinates of a particle.

A description of relativistic quantum mechanical systems is introduced, in which the states depend on the possible information of the observer. The possibility of information is limited by Einstein-causality for classical systems ( ). Observables belonging to measurements in finite regions of the Minkowskispace have a degenerate spectrum. The measurement of such an observable leads to a mixture; for the description of such a mixture we use a proposal first made byLuders ( ). We assume the locality condition for the observables (ℒ), this means the commutativity of two observables measured in two relatively space-like regions. The main result is the equivalence of (ℒ), ( ), ( ) on the one side and ( ) and ( ) on the other side. ( ) is the Einstein-causality including quantum mechanical systems. The idealisation of a measurement as a point event is used for the derivation of this result.

Some properties of projection operators are investigated by means of a theorem of Borchers. Under the assumptions of

It is proved that in a unitary representation of the Poincare- or Galileigroup the infinitesimal translations have a spectral measure without singular continuous part.

A necessary and sufficient condition for the completeness of generalized free fields in a time-slice is established.