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Background: In recent years outpatient palliative care, even for patients in an advanced state of their disease, has gained importance. Therefore, also paramedics are more often confronted with palliative emergencies, advance directives, and ethical end-of-life issues. Presently in emergency medicine there is undoubtedly a lack of education on palliative medicine and ethical questions for paramedics., Methods: In a period of six months we questioned 250 paramedics from two German regions (Göttingen and Braunschweig) about their experiences in palliative medicine, palliative emergencies and about their knowledge of advance directives. For these key questions we drew up a specific questionnaire., Results: The response rate in the set period of time amounted to 64.8% (n = 162). Most of the interviewed paramedics (91.4%, n = 148) had been confronted with palliative emergency situations on duty. 47.6% felt uncertain about the correct psychosocial care of the patients. 84% of the paramedics were insecure concerning their knowledge about advance directives. 72.8% had already taken care of patients with advance directives. These advance directives had influenced their therapy decision in 42.8%., Conclusion: The emergency treatment of palliative patients can present a particular challenge to paramedics. Most of the interviewed paramedics felt insecure both about the social care and the assessment of legal issues in dealing with advance directives and decisions at the end of life. Therefore emergency medical training apparently needs to be improved in these fields. Further information and training are necessary to guarantee adequate patient-oriented care of palliative patients und their relatives also in emergency situations.

Emergency services staff have a high risk for developing post-traumatic disorders. There are several risk factors involved, i. e. pre-traumatic risk factors in the person and risk factors relative to the accidents and disasters. Preventive possibilities are discussed.