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Digital applications to assist language learning are becoming increasingly popular. They typically incorporate one or two dictionaries to improve the service so that users avoid leaving the app to consult external resources. This paper deals with the two dictionaries used in a learning app for Chinese learners of English. Initially, it describes the functioning of the app as well as the two dictionaries that have different roles in the app. It then focuses on the one that is integrated into the course texts and can be activated by clicking on a word or a multiword unit. A number of deficiencies are discussed such as inconsistent treatment of words and senses, data overload, difficult access, and inconvenient location of the pop-up window that displays the lexicographical items. These deficiencies may impact negatively on the learners' motivation and the learning process in general. The paper traces the problems to the database that sustains the dictionary as well as the design of the user interfaces that filter the data offered to the users. Finally, and inspired by the classical Chinese Xun Gu tradition, it suggests an alternative, context-adapted approach that breaks with traditional features of the dictionary article and reduces the content of the pop-up window to an absolute minimum. The idea is to avoid a consultation process that interrupts the learners' reading flow and focus on learning.

Fluorophores based on the azo chromophore 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene, referred to as fluorazophores, display an exceedingly long fluorescence lifetime. Besides the use in time-resolved screening assays, where the long-lived fluorescence can be time-gated, thereby improving the signal to background ratio, a distinct application of fluorazophores lies in the area of biopolymer dynamics. For this purpose, one chain end is labeled with a fluorazophore and the other one with an efficient fluorescence quencher. The fluorescence lifetime of the probe/quencher-labeled peptide then reflects the kinetics of intramolecular end-to-end collision. Applications to polypeptides are described and control experiments which establish the nature of the quenching mechanism as a diffusive process requiring intimate probe/quencher contact are described.