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The enchytraeid fauna of Kőszeg Mountains (Western Hungary and Eastern Austria), hitherto unknown, was investigated in this study. Fifteen enchytraeid genera including 59 species and two other annelid worms (Hrabeiella periglandulata Pižl & Chalupský, 1984 and Parergodrilus heideri Reisinger, 1925) were identified. The latter is a new record for Hungary. One enchytraeid species, proved to be new to science, is described in this paper as Fridericia szoevenyii sp. nov. The new species is distinguished from similar species on the basis of both morphological characters and molecular data (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and nuclear histone 3 gene sequences). Based on the presence of subalpine-alpine species, the enchytraeid fauna of Kőszeg Mountains is similar to that of Rax Mountains (Northern Alps, Austria). The two most species-rich sites were the alder carr at a creekside near Paprét (33 species) and a mesophile montane hay meadow at Steirer Houses (27 species). Interestingly, a mixed forest with dense underwood of Vaccinium myrtillus harbored only a single species.