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Die Familie gilt gemeinhin als eine geradezu archetypische Verkörperung von Solidargemeinschaft. Hierbei sollte jedoch nicht in Vergessenheit geraten, dass die Familie nicht nur ein «Hafen in einer herzlosen Welt» ist, sondern zugleich die Rolle einer zentralen Akteurin der gesellschaftlichen Reproduktion von ungleichen Lebenschancen und gesellschaftlichen Hierarchien spielt. Dieses Janusgesicht von Solidarität nach Innen und Selbstbehauptung und Reproduktion von ökonomischen und symbolischen Gütern nach Aussen, das durch Eduard von Hartmann treffend auf den Begriff Familienegoismus gebracht wurde, bringt die elementare Doppeldynamik von gesellschaftlicher Schliessung und Ausschliessung geradezu in Reinform zur Geltung.

Eine wachsende Beliebtheit des Zwischenfruchtanbaus im Rahmen des Greenings, sowie zunehmend milde Winter haben dazu geführt, dass Praktiker sich bisweilen auch mit aussamenden Zwischenfrüchten in der nachfolgenden Sommerung beschäftigen müssen. Die Wirkungsspektren bisher erfolgreich eingesetzter Herbizide geben meist keine Auskunft über eine Wirkung gegen beispielsweise Malve, Senf und Wicke. Zu dieser Fragestellung wurde 2016 an der FH Südwestfalen in Soest ein Halbfreiland-Gefäßversuch mit 10 verschiedenen Zwischenfrüchten (Buchweizen, Phacelia, Ölrettich, Alexandrinerklee, Sommerwicke, Kulturmalve, Öllein, Rauhafer, Gelbsenf, Ramtillkraut) angelegt. Die Zwischenfrüchte wurden kulturrein ausgesät und in frühen Entwicklungsstadien jeweils einmalig mit den Zuckerrübenherbiziden Gotix Titan und Belvedere Extra sowie einer praxisüblichen Kombination beider Produkte behandelt. Diese Kombination erzielte bei Buchweizen, Phacelia, Alexandrinerklee, Öllein und Ramtillkraut hohe Wirkungsgrade. In 2017 wurde dieser Ansatz auf einen Feldversuch übertragen, der nun die Konkurrenzkraft der Kulturpflanze Zuckerrübe berücksichtigte und mit mehrmaliger praxisüblicher Behandlung in NAK 1-3 stattfand. Dazu wurde eine Mischung der als problematisch identifizierten Kulturen Buchweizen, Phacelia und Gelbsenf kurz vor bzw. zeitgleich mit den Zuckerrüben ausgesät. Diese wurden mit den gleichen Herbizidvarianten wie 2016 behandelt. Goltix Titan und Belvedere Extra in Mischung war auch hier die beste Variante mit hohem Wirkungsgrad auf alle drei Zwischenfrüchte. Belvedere Extra zeigt eine ähnlich gute und ausreichende Wirkung.

Renzension zu Christian Kehrts 2015 im transcript Verlag Bielefeld erschienenen "Mit Molekülen spielen. Wissenschaftskulturen der Nanotechnologie zwischen Politik und Medien".

The first highly enantioselective, catalytic asymmetric synthesis of di-des-methylsibutramine 3 is described. Dienamide 10, prepared by acetic acid anhydride quenching of the condensation product of nitrile 4 with a methallyl magnesium chloride, proved to be an excellent substrate for ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation with atropisomeric diphosphine ligands. Hydrogenation with a ruthenium/(R)- MeOBiPheP catalyst at S/C = 500, gave the chiral amide (R)-9 in 98.5% ee in almost quantitative yield. After acidic amide hydrolysis the desired amine (R)-3 was obtained without erosion of enantioselectivity. It is anticipated that the overall process will be amenable to large-scale production.

Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of conditions such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease and cancer. Several pieces of evidence, including data in primates, have demonstrated the beneficial effects of histamine-3 receptor (H3R) inverse agonists in the regulation of food intake and body weight. A pharmacophore model based on selected published H3R ligands and validated by previous investigations, was used to identify the 5-oxy-2-carboxamide-indole core as a novel series of H3R inverse agonists. Extensive structure–activity relationship (SAR) investigations were rewarded by the identification of several compounds reversing (R)-?-methyl-histamine-induced water intake increase and reducing food intake/body weight in rodent models of obesity. Among those compounds, (4,4-difluoro-piperidin-1-yl)-[1-isopropyl-5-(1-isopropyl-piperidin-4-yloxy)-1H-indol-2-yl]-methanone, selected as a lead compound, was exhibiting a promising profile, including excellent pharmacokinetic properties, good in vitro safety profile and high efficacy in a chronic rodent model of obesity.

A 5.5-year-old alpaca mare was referred to the University Clinic for Ruminants due to a lameness in the right hind limb. Six months prior to presentation, the mare had been treated with systemic antibiotics resulting in resolution of the initial lameness. At the time there had been no indication of an inciting trauma. Clinical examination revealed an approx. 2 × 2 cm large, fluctuating, neither excessively warm nor painful mass caudal to the right tuber coxae fixed to the underlying tissue. In addition, a moderate, mixed lameness with a predominant proportion of the swinging leg component was present in the right hind limb. Subsequently, sonographic examination of the right gluteal region was performed, revealing severe alterations of bone contour in the area of the right hip joint. Radiographic assessment of the pelvis was carried out for further clarification. Based on the clinical finding of a fistula in the right gluteal region as well as the results of the radiologic examination, a long-standing infected fracture of the right iliac bone accompanied by high-degree, irregularly calcified callus formation and low to moderate osteomyelitis in the fracture area was diagnosed. The patient was euthanized in consequence of the grave prognosis. Computed tomographic examination of the pelvis and the lumbar spine in the L3-L6 area was undertaken in order to further document the extent of the pathological changes. For final clarification, patho-histological examination as well as a microbiologic analysis of the abscess exudate were performed.The presented case shows the importance of clinical as well as orthopedic examinations, as the individual animal frequently only exhibits minimal clinical signs despite the presence of severe changes., Competing Interests: Es bestehen keinerlei finanzielle Interessen oder Interessenskonflikte., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Objective: South American camelids have become popular with an increasing number of breeders in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. The aim of the present online survey was to gain information concerning housing and management of South American camelids, particularly during pregnancy and parturition., Material and Methods: A link to the online survey was sent via email to 8 breeder associations in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. The questionnaire included a total of 24 closed or open questions. The period for participation was May to October 2019., Results: A total of 92 breeders participated and 64 answered all questions. The survey revealed that South American camelids were mainly used for breeding (87 %) and production of fibre (74 %). The median flock size was 27 animals, mainly females. Most breeders (74 %) acquired their knowledge on South American camelids via personal contacts and advanced training courses. The majority (57 %) mated their females with an own sire that is kept separately. Using teaser males was the most popular pregnancy test (91 %), often combined with other techniques, especially ultrasonography. In most mares (88 %) duration of pregnancy was in the normal range of 335-360 days. Repeated problems with loss of pregnancy were reported by 76 % of breeders for less than 5 % of their mares. Postpartum problems occurred sporadically, e. g. lack of milk or mastitis (each < 5 %). Problems with the cria at parturition within the last 3 years were reported by > 50 % of the breeders, but reported reasons for dystocia showed no clear focus. The majority of the participants (69 %) were satisfied with the veterinary care in general and in the fields of pregnancy and obstetrics., Conclusion: The results of this survey provide new insights into the management practices of South American camelids breeders in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Further studies could compare these practices with those in countries where breeding of South American camelids possesses a longer tradition and different commercial backgrounds., Clinical Relevance: The results provide information to practitioners in preparation for problems and challenges in the veterinary care of South American camelids., Competing Interests: Die Autoren bestätigen, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: A comparison of inter-professional communication within the core therapeutic teams including nurses in 5 neurological early rehabilitation hospitals of one non-profit organization was supposed to indicate factors facilitating and impairing cooperation., Methods: Data collection was conducted through analysis of architecture plans, passive participating observation in 10 wards and through partly standardized interviews (N=39). Participants were nurses, physio-, occupational and speech therapists. Data analysis used the method of Thick Description [1]., Results: A permanent team, daily team conferences, treatments in cooperation, ward based training and informal talks influence interprofessional communication. Organizational and structural preconditions have effects on the quality of communication., Conclusion: Daily inter-professional briefings and the organization of training sessions within the team improve inter-professional communication, a confrontation nurses vs. therapists impairs it., Competing Interests: Die Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Reports of CMhl infections in South American Camelids in Europe are only available from the United Kingdom and Switzerland. Knowing that CMhl infections can lead to severe disease resulting in death if combined with other diseases or stress, it was the aim of this study to assess prevalence data from camelids in Austria. In comparison to the previous studies a representative number of camelids was investigated nationwide. Data were assessed due to differences in geographical region, age, sex, species, and origin. A relatively high prevalence of 25.8% was recorded. CMhl was detected significantly more often in alpacas (Vicunja pacos) than in llamas (Lama glama) and more frequently in animals younger than 2 years. Additionally regional differences have been observed, which might be due to climatic differences and/or variations in insect vectors. In this study apperantly clinical healthy animals were shown to be infected with CMhl. Camelids infected with CMhl are a pathogen reservoir. The results of this study indicate different risk levels of infection between llamas and alpacas and between younger and older animals. The data presented underline the necessity of further studies on CMhlI infections in South American Camelids.

Enzootic bronchopneumonia (EBP) is an infectious, multifactorial respiratory disease of cattle. Different viruses may be involved in its pathogenesis. In this study an adapted method of endoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of caudal parts of the right cranial lung lobe was established and evaluated. The obtained bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) served as template for the detection of BRSV, BPIV-3 and BCoV specific nucleic acids by RT-PCR. BALF samples of 44 cattle affected with respiratory disease were compared to nasal swabs in their reliability to detect the causative agent(s). In 6/7 animals tested positive for BRSV, RNA of this virus was detected in the BALF, in 4 animals it could be found in the nasal swabs. In two of the three BPIV-3 positive animals, the BALF was the only material that tested positive. The most reliable samples for detection of 15 BCoV positive animals were the nasal swabs. BAL was easy to perform, it led to severe coughing in one case and moderate worsening of dyspnoe in three cases. In conclusion this study shows that BAL of the right cranial lung lobe is in many cases the only tool to detect BRSV and BPIV-3, major viral triggers of EBP.

Background: Phoneme analysis and phoneme discrimination, important factors in acquiring spoken and written language, have been evaluated in juvenile speech therapy school students. The results have been correlated with the results of a school achievement test. The following questions were of interest: Do students in the lower verbal skill segment show pathological phoneme analysis and phoneme discrimination skills? Do the results of the school achievement test differ from the results by students visiting German "Hauptschule"? How does phoneme analysis and phoneme discrimination performance correlate to other tested parameters?, Patients and Methods: 74 students of a speech therapy school ranging from 7 (th) to 9 (th) grade were examined (ages 12;10-17;04) with the Heidelberg Phoneme Discrimination Test H-LAD and the school achievement test "Prüfsystem für Schul- und Bildungsberatung PSB-R 6-13"., Results: Compared to 4 (th) graders the juvenile speech therapy school students showed worse results in the H-LAD test with good differentiation in the lower measuring range. In the PSB-R 6-13 test the examined students did worse compared to students visiting German "Hauptschule" for all grades except 9 (th) grade. Comparing H-LAD and PSB-R 6-13 shows a significant correlation for the sub-tests covering language competence and intelligence but not for the concentration tests., Conclusions: Pathological phoneme analysis and phoneme discrimination skills suggest elevated need for counseling, but this needs to corroborated through additional linguistic parameters and measuring non-verbal intelligence. Further trails are needed in order to clarify whether the results can lead to sophisticated therapy algorithms for educational purposes., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Endoscopy in the field of buiatrics has gained growing importance in recent years. Parts of the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, the urethra and urinary bladder, the abdomen and the teat are all accessible by means of endoscopy. The direct visualisation of inner or outer organ surfaces allows for rapid diagnosis and even prognosis of different pathological conditions. Flexible endoscopes of different dimensions are used for endoscopic examination of the upper respiratory tract. Examining this region, endoscopy is in some cases superior to other imaging techniques because of the direct visualization of surfaces and their pathological conditions and the possibility of collecting biopsies under visual control. The same is documented for diseases of the oesophagus. On the other hand, rumenoscopy is of experimental character so far. Urethrocystoscopy is mainly performed for diagnostic purposes with either flexible or rigid optics. Theloscopy represents the "gold standard" for surgical intervention in cases of disturbance of milk flow, since mucosal tissue can be removed under visual control. Therefore, this indication is one of the most important applications for endoscopy performed by practitioners. Another important field for the application of therapeutic endoscopy is the treatment of left displaced abomasum by repositioning and fixation to the abdominal wall under endoscopic control.

The aim of this study was to compare the results of invasive arterial blood pressure measurement using an electronic pressure transducer (EPT) or an aneroid pressure system (APS) in cattle. A catheter was placed in the auricular artery of 11 adult cattle and connected to a pressure transducer via pressure line. The aneroid system was connected to the same catheter using a three-way stop-cock in the pressure line. On five occasions three consecutive measurements were performed with the APS. The mean blood pressure values of the EPT were recorded before each individual measurement. Values from each device were compared using Passing and Bablok regression of agreement and a Bland and Altman difference plot. One hundred and forty-seven paired measurements were analysed. The average bias between the two methods (EPT vs. APS) was -1.6 mmHg (95 % confidence interval [CI]: -3.0 to -0.2 mmHg). The coefficient of correlation was 1.0084. The aneroid system showed an almost perfect agreement with the EPT. This study shows that it can be used in a clinical setting as well as under field conditions to measure arterial blood pressure in cattle.

The aim of this study was to investigate in 20 healthy pigs the practicability of the oesophagogastroduodenoscopic examination technique in regard to equipment, method of examination, indications and its suitability as a diagnostical tool for the assessment of the oesophagus, stomach and upper duodenum in one procedure. Preparation of the patient for endoscopy, the procedure of the endoscopic examination as well as the topographical findings of the upper intestinal tract including the duodenum until the flexura duodenojejunalis are described. Flexible oesophagogastroduodenoscopy is a suitable method for the observation and natural visualisation of mucosal surfaces and for the digital documentation of peristaltic movements. The procedure is easy to perform in anaesthetized animals, is in most cases completed within 15 min, and can be repeated in the same animal. Indications of this interesting diagnostic imaging technique are discussed.

Beside the clinical examination of udder/teat imaging methods e.g. sonography, radiography and endoscopy allow diagnosis. This publication will give a summary of currently used and potentially usable methods of diagnostic imaging applied to the teat. Advantages and disadvantages of the several methods were compared--as quoted in literature and completed by own experiences.

In a 15 years period surgery of ulcerative colitis expanded from ileostomy (IS) via Kock's pouch (KP) and ileoanal pouch (IAP) to ileorectal anastomosis (IRA). Interactions between availability of methods and frequency of operations are investigated retrospectively in order to establish an optimal primary procedure. With an overall amount of 80 operations the yearly operative frequency raised in correlation to the introduction of continence reconstructive procedures. As a consequence of this fact history of disease was shortened to less than 8 year and global colitis-associated morbidity markedly decreased. For patients readiness to undergo operation Kock's pouch was only important at the beginning (n = 9/11.3%). Most decisive was IAP (n = 49/61.3%) which could be realized last even in an one-stage-procedure with better early results due to improved patients conditions and simplified technical modifications. IRA (n = 7/8.8%) played only a limited role in the last years for selected patients, whereas IS (n = 15/18.8%) kept reserved for contraindications to reconstructive surgery. For all procedures operative complications decreased from 46.1% (12/26) to 11.0% (6/54) and lethality to 0%. Late complications were related to proctectomy (nerve damage) and construction of IAP (pouchitis in 34.8% and defunctioning of the pouch in 10.4%), whereas IRA was free of specific morbidity so far. Surgery of ulcerative colitis is characterized today by restoration of anal continence. The advantage of the changed surgical concept lies within the ability to perform colectomy at an earlier stage of the disease. Safe construction of IAP is the most important technical progress. Early operation of colitis and late morbidity of pouch justify (preliminary) IRA. Thus, surgical standard in colitis-surgery is defined more individually.