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The development of the upper jaw during growth is influenced by the function and position of the tongue and perioral soft tissues, and the pressures exerted by them. Accurate determination of the forces exerted by the tongue would provide relevant information about this influence. To date, our ability to obtain continuous recordings of the tongue pressure during certain functions is limited. In this paper, an easy-to-employ and accurate telemetric system for such functional measurements is presented. The system, consisting of four piezoresistive pressure sensors, a microcontroller, a telemetric module and batteries, is integrated within a removable orthodontic plate and transmits the measured data out of the oral cavity to a receiver.

The importance of the tongue to the form of the jaws and dental arches has long been accepted. Clear-cut differences in arch width and arch height are observed between mouth and nasal breathing. Course measurements, e.g. duration of tongue contact with the gum, are not feasible with traditional measuring methods. The palatal measuring appliance presented here together with the purpose-developed storage and evaluation equipment permits for the first time continuous 24-hour measurement of tongue contact with the palate. The clinical observation is confirmed by the presented results. Nasal obstruction is associated with lower tongue-palate contact times. In our probands, these times fell by an average of 72% after forced mouth breathing. Since complex movements within the mouth cavity cannot be directly observed, functional analysis relating to the tongue position was previously impossible, at least over a longer period. The measuring device presented here is suitable for analyzing in more detail the diagnostically difficult complex of tongue movements and breathing habits. It might therefore conceivably be used to assess myofunctional disturbances and therapeutic methods.

In orthodontics, removable acrylic appliances are preferably produced from methylmetacrylates. However, in the adjacent oral mucosal tissue, cell damage may be caused by the evaporation of residual monomer. The aim of this study was to modify the classic agar overlay assay in order to apply histochemical methods by comparing conventionally used transformed mouse fibroblasts (L-929) with primary human gingival fibroblasts to further elucidate the term toxicity. While proliferation was assessed via the incorporation of the base analogon bromdesoxyuridine, differentiation was investigated by detection of the fibroblast-specific intermediate filament vimentin. After the monomers had taken effect, reduced proliferation extending over the inhibition area was observed by indirect immunofluorescence, independent of cell type. In contrast to this observation, a few cells within the inhibition area which could not be clearly detected by neutral red staining still exhibited mitotic activity. Detection of the differentiation-specific intermediate filament vimentin was comparable with the degree of neutral red fading visible in the classic agar overlay assay. The study showed that the inhibition areas with primary gingival fibroblasts were smaller (approximately 1/3) after monomer action compared with conventionally applied transformed fibroblasts. The results indicate that the modified assay is comparable with the classic method. Evaluation of neutral red staining with respect to toxic material influence can moreover be supplemented by histochemical studies of typical cell properties.

A 65-year-old diabetic (requiring insulin during the last year) was admitted as an emergency because of a septic temperature rising to 40 degrees C with rigor, tachycardia (up to 120/min) and dyspnoea. On examination there was local reddening and swelling of the skin over the right thenar eminence and along the lower arm. Two days before admission a bad scratch had been inflicted on his right hand by a cat. He had first noticed the reddening and swelling 10 hours after the incident; 1 1/2 days after the scratch and 9-10 hours before hospitalization the first bouts of fever had occurred.The chest radiogram showed interstitial pneumonia. The clinical findings, the laboratory tests (white cell count 21 750/microliters, platelets 140,000/microliters, C-reactive protein 35 mg/l and positive blood cultures pointed to early septicaemia. The germ was identified as Pasteurella multocida two days after blood had been taken for culturing. HbA1c was 11.38%.From the time of hospitalization the patient had been treated with ceftriaxon, 2 g daily intravenously, and also with erythromycin because atypical pneumonia had been the suspected diagnosis at first and acute chlamydia infection had at first not been excluded. The patient's general condition quickly improved and the fever started to go down a few hours after onset of treatment. Blood cultures became negative after the first administration of antibiotics. He was discharged in a good state on optimal insulin dosage.Pasteurella multocida is present in a high percentage of domestic animals and can be the cause of systemic infections in immunocompromised patients (e. g. poorly controlled diabetes mellitus).

Using the agar diffusion method, thiourea as well as N-aryl-, N, N'-diaryl-, N-aryl-N'-alkyl-, N,N'-dialkyl-, and N-alkyl-substituted thiourea derivatives were examined for their effects on the system of Escherichia coli W 1665 F+/M 12. The compounds tested were found to produce more or less strongly inhibitive or promotive effects on the RNA phages and/or host bacteria. N-phenyl-N'-dibutyl thiourea, N-phenyl-N'-acetyl thiuorea, and N1,N1'-p-phenylene-bis-(N3-n-propyl thiourea) showed an intense inhibitory effect on M12. Quite obviously, the decisive intervention by these substances in the multiplication of viruses was by a replicative step subsequent to the adsorption of phages.

26 plant growth regulators including herbicides were investigated in their effect on the multiplication of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and the blue-green alga Plectonema boryanum as well as the RNA phages M 12 and Qbeta and the DNA phages lambda, phi 105, and LPP-1 employing the agar diffusion method. Nearly all of the compounds inhibited and/or stimulated one or some of the prokaryotes tested. The most frequent and strongest effects occurred in Pl. boryanum, the least effects in E. coli. The multiplication of phages was also influenced by plant growth regulators leading to increase, decrease or non-appearance of plaques. The investigations with the temperate phages lambda and phi 105 suggested part of the compounds to be able to interfere with the process of lysogenization. The results are discussed comparatively involving correspondent findings referred to in literature.

A study has been made to investigate the effects of N-alkyl- and aryl-substituted thioureas as well as N,N'-alkyl-alkyl-, alkyl-aryl-, and aryl-aryl-substituted thioureas on the multiplication of PVX in Nicotiana tabacum L. "Samsun". The virus concentrations of the treated plants were serologically determined and compared with these of untreated controls. The weak antiphytoviral effect of nonsubstituted thiourea remained virtually unchanged in N,N'-dimethyl thiourea, and in N,N,N'-trimethyl thiourea. A stronger antiphytoviral effect was observed for N-phenyl, N',N'-pentamethylene thiourea, as well as N-methyl thiourea. All other substitutions, especially those by longer-chain substituents or by a larger number of substituents, were not found to have an influence on viral multiplication.

The biodegradation and utilization of the antiphytoviral substance 2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DHT) by soil microorganisms was investigated. Mixed cultures of microorganisms deriving from different soils diminish in nutrient broth the content of DHT with increasing duration of culture. Microorganisms from an Egyptian garden soil fully degrade 10(-3) mol/1 DHT in a culture without additional aeration within 28 days. Also in deficient media the mixed microorganisms reduce the amount of DHT, reaching in nitrogen free nutrient solution even a degradation rate up to 12 mg DHT per liter and day. Pure cultures of Rhizobium leguminosarum, Proteus vulgaris, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and especially Agrobacterium radiobacter diminish the content of DHT in nitrogen free media, too. No such effect was detectable in cultures of four other species of soil bacteria. The DHT degradation by the microorganisms is connected with significant cell multiplication, e.g. A. radiobacter in shaking cultures with DHT as sole source of nitrogen shows a typical growth cycle with a lag-phase of 24 hours. The short persistence time of DHT in soils is concluded to be mainly due to biodegradation by microorganisms.

Tibial dislocation in the knee joint with an incidence of 0.2--3% is a rare event but inevitably bears severe consequences. From 1970--1978 we observed 7 cases. Most frequently there was a complex instability of the joint, accompanied by blood vessel and nerve lesions in 5 cases.Early suture or reinsertion of ligament rupture. Strict priority of blood vessel injuries. Conservative treatment results in poor functional results with necessity of secondary reconstructive procedures. Interdisciplinary cooperation is of crucial value in these injuries.

The fissure contents in rodent molars were examined by means of a stereomicroscope and compared with those in caries-free human molars and premolars. As to colour, consistency and removableness, the fissure contents in the rodent molars were similar to those in human teeth. An orange substance as found in the fissures of human teeth was not detected in the fissures of rodent molars. This fact does not tell against the use of rodent molars as a study model for fissure contents.

The working effect of Gastrin, neostigmine and prostaglandin in regard to the emptying of the stomach was tested on 31 dogs that had undergone a truncular vagotomy. Gastrin and neostigmine were proved to increase the motility at the stomach pylorus but was not able to bring about a coordinated emptying pattern. Prostaglandin shows different effects on the emptying reflex of the stomach. PGF 2 alpha increases the motility on the measuring marks, but at different time intervals. Because of this a coordinated motility is made possible.

In consequence of the increasing osteosynthetic treatment of bone fractures we draw the attention to iatrogenic blood vessel injuries. Primary location is the proximal thigh. Most important is the clinical diagnosis of an acute ischaemia of the operated limb. An arteriographic diagnosis is not necessary, but the operation site should be explored immediately. Prevention of intraoperative lesions of great vessels consists of exact anatomic reposition of the bone fragments, a subtile osteosynthesis whereas the osteosynthesis material should not extend the bone cortex. Exact haemostasis should be performed, avoiding extending ligations. Intraoperative as well as postoperative control of peripheral pulses should never be omitted.

On the basis of the own documents of patients and the documents of the post-mortem examination the increased risk of carcinoma of the resected stomach is confirmed. Extensive experiments on the rat seem to ascribe the greatest role in the etiology of this special form of gastric cancer to the lesion of the mucous by the bile reflux and the settlement of the operated stomach with nitrate-reducing germs.

This paper reports the first results of studies made to determine the antiviral activity of dioxo hexahydro triazine, a newly developed antiphytoviral compound. After treatment with dioxo hexahydro triazine, the concentration of helical potato virus X in leaves of Nicotiana tabacum "Samsun" was found to be considerably reduced in both the serological test and local lesion test conducted on Nicotiana glutinosa at temperatures of 14 degrees C +/- 3 degrees C. In secondarily infected leaves, the reduction of the concentration of potato virus X in the range of from 1 mol/l to 10(-3) mol/l was so that it was no longer possible for viruses to be detected serologically. In vitro, however, dioxo hexahydro triazine, which was added to the inoculum, did not produce a significant change in the activity of the virion of potato virus X. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that dioxo hexahydro triazine tends to affect replication steps of viruses. The use of dioxo hexahydro triazine also had the effect of greatly and highly significantly reducing the concentration of the isodiametric cucumber mosaic virus.

We report the case of a female baby, three months of age, with anemia of chronic infection, hematuria and umbilical sinus. The patient did survive a sepsis and the extirpation of the umbilical sinus and died in a septic shock. Diagnosis and therapy of the anomalies of the umbilicus are discussed and a possible explanation for the hematuria is presented.