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Die Fragestellung des Beitrags lautet, ob und inwieweit fremdenfeindliche Einstellungen in Deutschland auf Merkmale der Person und auf Merkmale individueller sozialer Situationen zurückführbar sind. Hierzu werden bei 1779 Personen Bindungsstile als personenbezogene und soziale Desintegration als sozialstrukturelle Größe in ihrer Auswirkung auf Fremdenfeindlichkeit untersucht. Es zeigt sich, dass Bindungsstile als Prädispositionen für das Auftreten von sozialer Desintegration betrachtet werden können, die ihrerseits das Ausmaß an Fremdenfeindlichkeit determiniert: Ein sicherer Bindungsstil senkt das Ausmaß an sozialer Desintegration und darüber vermittelt die Intensität fremdenfeindlicher Einstellungen. Ein unsicherer Bindungsstil führt zu einem Anstieg an sozialer Desintegration und Fremdenfeindlichkeit. Eine Betrachtung der Bindungsstilskalen „Angst“ und „Vermeidung“ sowie kategorialer Ausprägungen von Bindungsstilen (sicher, ängstlich-ambivalent, ängstlich-vermeidend, gleichgültig-vermeidend) konkretisiert diesen Befund. Für die ermittelte Effektstruktur sind insbesondere das Ausmaß an Vermeidung sowie ein ängstlich-vermeidender Bindungsstil relevant., This paper investigates whether xenophobic attitudes in Germany are determined by personal characteristics and by individual social situations. To this end, the influence on xenophobia of attachment style as a personal characteristic and of social disintegration as a variable of the social structure is tested. The analysis of a sample of 1779 persons indicates that attachment styles can be considered as predispositions for the occurrence or not of social disintegration, which simultaneously determines the extent of xenophobia (complete mediation): a secure attachment style decreases the degree of social disintegration which then reduces the extent of xenophobic attitudes. An insecure attachment style induces an increasing degree of social disintegration and xenophobia. A consideration of the subscales “anxiety” and “avoidance” and of categorical values of attachment style (secure, anxious-preoccupied, fearful-avoidant, dismissiveavoidant) specifies this finding. The extent of avoidance and the fearful-avoidant attachment style are particularly important for the effects which we were able to identify.

Die Zukunft der Familie, ihre Krise oder allgemein Entwicklungstendenzen des familialen Lebens sind immer wieder Thema der veröffentlichten Meinung. 'Ehe light' oder 'Das Ende der bürgerlichen Familie' sind dabei die Schlagworte. Begründet werden diese Thesen dabei nicht nur durch Einzelfälle, sondern auch fast immer mit dem Hinweis auf die sinkenden Heiratszahlen und die zurückgehenden Geburten. Lassen sich diese Thesen aber nun wirklich mit den Entwicklungen des Heiratsverhaltens und der Fertilität untermauern? Um diese Frage wenigstens ansatzweise zu beantworten, sollen im folgenden diese beiden, für das gesamte familiale Handeln zentralen Entscheidungen, in einer längerfristigen historischen Perspektive betrachtet werden, wobei hierzu eine Längsschnitts- und Kohortenperspektive eingenommen wird., Informationsdienst Soziale Indikatoren No. 17 (1997). Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Jahr: 1989, Ausgaben pro Jahr: 2, Social Indicators Information Service No. 17 (1997). Starting Point and Frequency: Year: 1989, Issues per Year: 2, Social Indicators Information Service, Informationsdienst Soziale Indikatoren

Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2019; Aachen 1 Online-Ressource (140 Seiten) : Illustrationen, Diagramme (2019). = Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2019, The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the effects of the compulsory internship in Bachelor of Arts study courses. The aspect effect of internship-satisfaction on study motivation was of special interest in the quantitative survey (N=159). In the context of sociological research of higher education, this study is scientifically founded on the findings of psychological motivational and emotional research. The author postulates two theoretical models to explain the determinants on internship-satisfaction and the motivation to study deriving from the internship experience. The results showed that internship-satisfaction is mainly influenced by the quality of mentoring at the internship workplace. Significant effects are also derived from emotional experiences and the fulfillment of the student’s expectancies. The Thesis proves that Study motivation is influenced positively by the internship experience, but other than postulated, internship-satisfaction does not have a significant effect in itself on the student’s motivation to study., Published by Aachen

This present works deal with a special form of altruism, namely assistance in the form of preparedness to participate in a scientific interview. Altruism involves both the ways of acting of individuals whose objective is the well-being of the other. In order to be able to deal at all with the phenomenon of altruism, first of all an attempt was made in the theoretical part of the work to define the term of altruism more exactly an to differantiate it from other forms of behaviour, such as cooperation, nepotism and reciprocal altruism. In addition, helpfulness as one of the many forms of expression of altruism was examined from different theoretical directions, whereby the main emphasis was placed on the explanation in the sense of the rational choice theory. The central task of the work was the attempt to explain assistance as the action of a rationally acting individual. The decision for or against participation in an interview, from which no kind of material gain or also no kind of negative sanctions are to be expected, is a decision on assistance. Assistance can be variously motivated and the main motives for every action, namely the striving for physical well-being and social recognition represent just a part of the possible motivation. Apart from the egocentric motives, which are also influenced by costbenefid considerations, there is also empathy which also positevely influence the decision to assist. The interplay of empathy and decisions in accordance with the cost-benefit principle, which are determined by rebuffing feelings of guilt, standard of helpfulness, time spent helping and the transgression of personal space by recipients of help, represented the subject matter of the experimental study within the framework of this work, whereby its results were able to confirm the main thesis of the work that, even when taking decisions an assistance, people act in accordance with the principle written requests to persons selected at random with the request to participate in a scientific interview. Letters were sent to the test subjects with differing linguistic wording with the objective of inducing differing feelings in them, whereby this type of stimuli was classified in the field of so-called „weak“ stimuli. This group included both the attempt to generate empathy and the feeling of guilt and also the attempt to generate empathy and the feeling of guilt and also the appeal to comply with the standard of helpfulness. The field of „hard“ stimuli involved two conditions which were designated as being high and low costs. The condition of high costs naturally entailed a greater effort of assistance by the test subjects than the condition of low costs which was limited to completing and returning the completed questionnaires on a relatively neutral topic. By means of this field experiment, the thesis postulated by the rational choice theory that people endeavour to take their decisions in accordance with a maximisation of cost-benefit was confirmed, and the fact that its validity can be expanded into the field of altruistic actions. It was not possible to confirm the thesis of the special role of empathy as a strongly motivating force in decision process for/against assistance. The central conclusion to be drawn from the work is: Research into altruism or helpfulness is not only possible within the framwork of the rational choice theory, but also leads to findings on human motivation.