4 results on '"INCIDENCE RATES"'
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2. Die Erforschung der Dynamik der Corona-Pandemie in Deutschland: Survey-Konzepte und eine exemplarische Umsetzung mit dem Sozio-oekonomischen Panel (SOEP)
- Author
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Ulrich Rendtel, Stefan Liebig, Reinhard Meister, Gert G. Wagner, and Sabine Zinn
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,I18 ,I12 ,Infection Survey ,General Social Sciences ,Sozio-oekonomischen Panel (SOEP) ,Incidence rates ,Corona Pandemie ,Socio-economic Panel (SOEP) ,WHO ,Sozio-oekonomisches Panel (SOEP) ,Originalveröffentlichung ,Inzidenz-Raten ,Hidden cases ,Dunkelziffer ,Corona pandemic ,ddc:330 ,Infektions-Survey ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit - Abstract
Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) hat im Fr��hjahr 2020 Richtlinien f��r Bev��lkerungsstichproben ver��ffentlicht, die Basisdaten f��r gesundheitspolitische Entscheidungen im Pandemiefall liefern k��nnen. Diese Richtlinien umzusetzen ist keineswegs trivial. In diesem Beitrag schildern wir die Herausforderungen einer entsprechenden statistischen Erfassung der Corona Pandemie. Hierbei gehen wir im ersten Teil auf die Erfassung der Dunkelziffer bei der Meldung von Corona Infektionen, die Messung von Krankheitsverl��ufen im au��erklinischen Bereich, die Messung von Risikomerkmalen sowie die Erfassung von zeitlichen und regionalen Ver��nderungen der Pandemie-Intensit��t ein. Wir diskutieren verschiedene M��glichkeiten, aber auch praktische Grenzen der Survey-Statistik, den vielf��ltigen Herausforderungen durch eine geeignete Anlage der Stichprobe und des Survey-Designs zu begegnen. Ein zentraler Punkt ist die schwierige Koppelung medizinischer Tests mit bev��lkerungsrepr��sentativen Umfragen, wobei bei einer personalisierten R��ckmeldung der Testergebnisse das Statistik-Geheimnis eine besondere Herausforderung darstellt. Im zweiten Teil berichten wir wie eine der gro��en Wiederholungsbefragungen in Deutschland, das Sozio-oekonomische Panel (SOEP), f��r eine WHO-konforme Covid-19-Erhebung genutzt wird, die im Rahmen einer Kooperation des Robert-Koch-Instituts (RKI) mit dem SOEP als ���RKI-SOEP Stichprobe��� im September 2020 gestartet wurde. Erste Ergebnisse zum R��cklauf dieser Studie, die ab Oktober 2021 mit einer zweiten Erhebungswelle bei denselben Personen fortgesetzt werden wird, werden vorgestellt. Es zeigt sich, dass knapp f��nf Prozent der bereits in der Vergangenheit erfolgreich Befragten aufgrund der Anfrage zwei Tests zu machen die weitere Teilnahme an der SOEP-Studie verweigern. Ber��cksichtigt man alle in der Studie erhobenen Informationen (IgG-Antik��rper-Tests, PCR-Tests und Frageb��gen) ergibt eine erste Sch��tzung, dass sich bis November 2020 nur etwa zwei Prozent der in Privathaushalten lebenden Erwachsenen in Deutschland mit SARS-CoV���2 infiziert hatten. Damit war die Zahl der Infektionen etwa doppelt so hoch wie die offiziell gemeldeten Infektionszahlen., In Spring 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) has published guidelines for population surveys which can deliver baseline data for health policy decisions in pandemic situations. The realization of the guidelines is by no means trivial. In this essay we describe the challenges of a statistical assessment of the Corona Pandemic. In the first part we treat the extent of hidden cases in the registration of Corona infections, the measurement of infection histories outside the clinical sector, the measurement of risk factors and finally the measurement of temporal and regional changes of the intensity of the pandemic. We discuss several possibilities but also limitations of surveys statistics to cope with the manifold challenges by a proper survey concept and design of a sample. A central issue is the difficult link of medical tests with representative populations surveys where confidentiality rules in the case of individual feedback of test results pose a special challenge. In the second part we report how one of the large German panel surveys, the SOcio-Economic Panel (SOEP), is used for a Covid-19 survey which is in line with the WHO guidelines. This survey was started in September 2020 in the framework of a cooperation of the Robert-Koch-Institut (RKI) with the SOEP as the ���RKI-SOEP Stichprobe���. First results on the response rate of the survey which is prolongated in October 2021 are reported. It turned out that 5 percent of the previously cooperative interviewees refuse the further participation in the SOEP because of the invitation to the participate in the medical testing. On the basis of all available survey information (IgG antibody test, PCR test and questionnaire) a first estimate reveals that until November 2020 only two percent of the German adults in private households have been infected with SARS-CoV���2. This number of infections is about twice as high as the officially reported infection cases.
- Published
- 2021
3. Demographische Herausforderung und Zukunft der onkologischen Versorgung.
- Author
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Siewert, U., Hoffmann, W., Fendrich, K., Katalinic, A., and Pritzkuleit, R.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Onkologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. [Breast cancer screening in Austria: Key figures, age limits, screening intervals and evidence].
- Author
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Jeitler K, Semlitsch T, Posch N, Siebenhofer A, and Horvath K
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Austria, Breast Neoplasms mortality, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Survival Analysis, Breast Neoplasms diagnosis, Breast Neoplasms prevention & control, Early Detection of Cancer methods, Evidence-Based Medicine, Pamphlets, Quality Assurance, Health Care organization & administration
- Abstract
In January 2014, the first nationwide quality-assured breast cancer screening program addressing women aged ≥ 40 years was introduced in Austria. As part of the process of developing a patient information leaflet, the Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) Review Center of the Medical University of Graz was charged with the task of assessing the potential benefits and harms of breast cancer screening from the available evidence. Based on these results, key figures were derived for mortality, false-positive and false-negative mammography results, and overdiagnosis, considering Austria-specific incidence rates for breast cancer and breast cancer mortality. Furthermore, the current evidence regarding age limits and screening interval, which were the subjects of controversial public discussions, was analyzed. A systematic search for primary and secondary literature was performed and additional evidence was screened, e. g., evaluation reports of European breast cancer screening programs. On the basis of the available evidence and of the Austrian breast cancer mortality and incidence rates, it can be assumed that - depending on the age group - 1 to 4 breast cancer deaths can be avoided per 1,000 women screened in a structured breast cancer screening program, while the overall mortality remains unchanged. On the other hand, 150 to 200 of these 1,000 women will be affected by false-positive results and 1 to 9 women by overdiagnosis due to the structured breast cancer screening. Therefore, the overall benefit-harm balance is uncertain. If women from 40 to 44 or above 70 years of age are considered, who can also participate in the Austrian screening program, even a negative benefit-harm balance seems possible. However, with the implementation of quality standards in breast cancer screening and the dissemination of a patient information leaflet, an improvement in the medical treatment situation, specifically in terms of informed decision-making, can be expected., (Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier GmbH.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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