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Copyright of Spektrum der Augenheilkunde is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Die Pathologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) represents a subtype of intraocular lymphomas, which are a subgroup of malignant lymphomas of the eye. PVRL is considered a special form of primary diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the CNS (central nervous system) (PCNSL) and arises primary or secondary to PCNSL. According to the cell of origin (COO) classification of DLBCL, PVRL largely belongs to the activated B‑cell (ABC) type of DLBCL. Based on a recently established genetic-biological classification of DLBCL, PCNSL and thus also PVRL belong to a group of DLBCL of the MYD88/CD79B-mutated (MCD) or cluster 5 subtype, which often shows extranodal manifestations and MYD88 and CD79A mutations as well as CDKN2A deletions.PVRL diagnostics is often complicated as it represents a classic masquerade syndrome. Due to the usually limited material with often large numbers of reactive lymphocytes and/or degenerative changes in the cells, the results of diagnostic tests are difficult to interpret. Classic diagnostic tests include cytology on vitreous aspirates, immunocytochemistry, and clonality analysis.New insights into the spectrum of genetic alterations of vitreoretinal lymphomas (VRL) confirm the close relationship to PCNSL and could significantly improve pathological diagnosis. Next-generation sequencing panel-based diagnostics allow VRL diagnosis confirmation with little DNA in almost 100% of patients in cases with insufficient cytological evidence or lack of clonality detection. PVRL, as well as secondary vitreoretinal lymphomas after PCNSL or extracerebral DLBCL, have high mutation frequencies in characteristically mutated genes in PCNSL or MCD/cluster 5 type DLBCL. Supporting diagnostics, mutation detection can also be performed on cell-free DNA from the vitreous supernatant., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)

Copyright of Der Ophthalmologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Ophthalmologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Ophthalmologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

T-Helfer (Th) Zell vermittelte Immunantworten können in Th1 oder Th2 Immunantworten unterteilt werden. Uveitiden, vermutet man, sind Th-1 meditierte Erkrankungen, bei denen sowohl für die Entwicklung, als auch für die Persistenz der Entzündung Interleukin-12 (IL-12) nötig ist. Interleukin-10 wurde in intraokulären Flüssigkeiten von Patienten mit intraokulären Lymphomen gefunden. Daher wird die Bestimmung von IL-10 zum Ausschluß eines Maskerade Syndroms bei Uveitiden empfohlen. Erst kürzlich wurde bekannt, daß IL-12 die Bildung von IL-10 in Form eines negativen Feedback induzieren kann. IL-12 und IL-10 wurde im Kammerwasser und/oder im Glaskörper von 22 Uveitispatienten mittels ELISA gemessen. Die Aktivität der Uveitis korrelierte sehr gut mit den gemessenen intraokulären IL-12-Mengen. Patienten mit aktiver Uveitis hatten signifikant höhere IL-12-Werte, als Patienten mit geringgradig aktiver Uveitis. IL-10 war nur bei drei Uveitis Patienten nachweisbar. Diese Patienten hatten einen chronischen Verlauf ihrer Uveitits und wiesen auch die höchsten IL-12-Spiegel auf. Die IL-10-Werte von Uveitispatienten waren aber deutlich niedriger als bei Patienten mit intraokulären Lymphomen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß Uveitiden Thl mediierte Erkrankungen sind, bei denen IL-12 eine Schlüsselrolle spielt. Zudem zeigte sich, daß IL-12 die Bildung von IL-10 im Auge induzieren kann. Die intraokulären IL-10-Werte von Uveitispatienten waren sehr gering. Daher ist die Messung von intraokulärem IL-10 zum Ausschluß eines intraokulären Lymphomes sinnvoll, wobei allerdings zur besseren Interpretation eine gleichzeitige Messung von IL-12 als Entzündungsparameter vorgenommen werden sollte. T-lymphocyte mediated diseases can be divided into T-Helper Type 1 (Th-1) and T-Helper Type-2 (Th-2) immune responses. Uveitis is thought to be a Th-1 mediated disease, where intraocular IL-12 plays a key role. But so far intraocular IL-12 levels have not been measured in intraocular samples of uveitis patients. Elevated intraocular IL-10 levels have been found in patients with intraocular lymphoma. Therefore, to rule out a masquerade syndrome in patients with uveitis, measuring intraocular IL-10 has been suggested. But recently it has been shown that IL-12 is capable of inducing IL-10 production. To find out whether uveitis is a Th-1 mediated disease, intraocular levels of IL-12 in 22 uveitis patients have been measured. To see if elevated IL-12 induces IL-10 and whether IL-10 is a confident marker for the diagnosis of an intraocular lymphoma IL-10 levels have been evaluated also in these patients. Elevated IL-12 levels were detectable in all of our uveitis patients. Intraocular IL-12 levels were significantly correlated with the activity of the uveitis. IL-10 was found in intraocular samples of only three patients, but IL-10 levels found were very low. We could show that uveitis is a Th-1 mediated disease, where IL-12 plays a major role. This knowledge might lead to future therapeutic approaches. IL-10 levels in our uveitis patients were very low, therefore the use of IL-10 rule out an intraocular lymphoma seems very promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]