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Existing methods of assessing the influence of factors allow to determine this influence indirectly without taking into account the speed (intensity) of their influence and the relationship between them. The article proposes a method of assessing the complex impact of significant factors on the failures of cranes, the relationship between which is presented in the form of a kinetic system, changing over time depending on the change of any active factor. The accumulated statistical material of accidents on cranes of different kinds are the initial data in the conduct of studies to assess the cumulative effect of various factors on the performance of crane equipment. The proposed methodology will take into account the intensity of the changes in factors associated with their change. This takes into account the kinematic state of the current factors, which is determined by the speed of change of each external factor, depending on the related factors acting on it. The results of the evaluation of crane failures under the proposed methodology do not contradict the studies of other authors and allow to assess the intensity of mutual influence of factors on each other.

The stability of self-propelled jib cranes is a key task in the process of their operation. The developed calculation scheme of the arrow self-propelled crane and the restrictions imposed on its movement in time and space, allowed to obtain mathematical dependence of the trajectory of the center of gravity of the arrow, a change in the speed of its movement at the arbitrary turn of the arrow, as well as cinematic and energy characteristics of the movement of cargo when combining operations during the operation of the crane. The combination of lifting and lowering cargo and a turn to the unloading place helps to increase productivity during the work of self-propelled jib cranes. Moreover, the full energy of the system (crane structure) depends not only on the position of the center of gravity of the arrow and cargo, but also on the angle of the arrow to the horizon. Moreover, the amount of full energy of the system is directly proportional to the angle of rotation in vertical and horizontal planes. The resulting theoretical dependence studies allow to determine the energy spent on lifting and lowering the load and the trajectory of its movement within the change of the angle of the arrow in the vertical plane.

The review analyses the book of the French historian-medievalist and religious scholar Jean Verdon, dedicated to the religious everyday life of the Western Middle Ages. It is shown that the author creates a picture of the life of European society at that stage of development, when every man from his or her birth till death, obeyed the Roman Catholic Church. The author demonstrates excellent knowledge of the narrative and documentary sources, making his own text more bright, and his research appears quite reliable because of the statistical calculations. The narration develops according to a strict plan, and the reader receives information on a chain of questions: how a newborn Christian was taken into fellowship with the Church; how the parish was arranged; what instructions it received; how the church year and other time periods and cycles were arranged; how the Church influenced on the family life; what veneration of shrines, prayer, repentance and charity were on practice; how the Church institutions formulated and transmitted to a believer social ideals and directed him to holiness. The only serious drawback of the monograph is clearly complimentary attitude to the Church institutions, whose role in the humanization of a wide range of human relationships, in particular in preaching of the ideas of social piece, the author constantly emphasizes. In addition, Jean Verdon avoids expressing opinions regarding the Church proceedings and court, in particular the Inquisition. The book may be recommended to anyone interested in history of religion and problems of religious daily routine.

When working fully mobile crane on week soil due to drawdown of the outriggers, the possible misalignment of the frame with located on it a turntable with lifting equipment. This disrupts the operation of the crane, leads to loss of stability and disruption of its safe operation. Usually used to ensure the levelling under the chassis of the crane, outriggers (outriggers). It is also possible to use automated systems to ensure the stability of crane equipment, but they do not always provide the proper level of safety. The design of the device of ensuring stability working at the expense of increase in the area of a basic surface of the crane is offered. Considering a self-propelled crane (vehicle) as a connected system with an inertial reference system located in its center of gravity at an arbitrary time, the physical nature of the uneven pressure distribution under the supports of the running equipment at the initial installation of the crane was revealed. On the basis of the obtained theoretical dependences the variant of modernization of the fully mobile crane is offered. The practical implementation of the upgraded design will improve the stability of the crane when working on week soils and provide a high level of safety due to the reduction of specific pressure on the ground.

The monograph of S. E. Yalovitsyna «Lutherans in Karelia: Historical essays» (Petrozavodsk: IP Markov N. A., 2016. 216 p.) is reviewed. The book examines the main stages of the history of Lutherans in Karelia, which originated from the time of reforms of Peter the Great and due to emergence of a large number of Lutheran professionals, who formed a basis of the local communities. The author gives a high estimation of the work of S. E. Jalovitsyna, marking out extensive source base, clarity and reasonableness of the material, absence of significant factual errors. Special attention is given to the general idea of the monography, i. e. the evidence of the harmonious coexistence of representatives of different Christian denominations in Karelia, which can serve as a good example for our contemporaries.

The first Russian monograph dedicated to Reformation in Finland is reviewed in the text. The author appreciates the positives and negative sides of the book that gives to Russian public a detailed tableau of Church history of the neighbor country within contexts of Swedish and World politics, theological thought and religious controversy of the late Middle Ages and the Early Modern time. In spite of its remoteness from the centre, Finnish province of Sweden is depicted as a part of Western Christendom, influenced by its main political and intellectual trends. This thesis, according to the reviewer, could be argued. However, the biographical notices describing main figures of the Finnish Reformation (for example, Michael Agricola or King Gustav Vasa) with a short anthology of their texts translated in Russian is a unique and valuable feature of the book. The reviewer finds out some disadvantages of the text. Firstly, the researcher demonstrates little knowledge of both recent and classical Russian historiography on Swedish history. Secondly, the book lacks attention to the theme of Ingria and its Evangelical Lutheran Church. Thirdly, I. V. Makarov often explains religious or any other specific by “national character of Finns” that sounds quite a primordialist formula. In general, the book appears to be worth reading for everyone interested in the Finnish Church and intellectual history.

The author explores the political aspects of the Liberation Theology both in its theoretical and practical implementation with the activities and decisions of the Latin American leftist governments. Christian theology interpreted by liberation theologizes became one of the pillories for legitimatizing the socialist transformation of society and of the alterglobalist ideology, and subsequently a new official doctrine of some Latin American countries. The political rhetoric and views on the factual problems of Hugo Chavez, Nicolas Maduro, Fernando Lugo, Luis Inacio Lula da Silva, Dilma Rousseff are in accord with central postulates of the Theology of Liberation. On the other hand, the most famous theologians of the stream such as Leonardo Boff, Gustavo Gutierrez, Henrique Dussel and Frey Betto are involved into political life and even in electoral campaigns.

The recent work by V. I. Musaev on Church history of Nordic countries is critically reviewed. The text comments on the author’s methodology, views and logic, markering out positive as well as negative point of the leaner’s guide. Having done several critic comments, the reviewer, however, describes the book as worth reading.

The article analyses historiography characteristics of liberationists’ papers. «Theology of liberation» was shaped in 1970s and influenced by Marxism; its choice for the poor is caused by «social» reading of the Gospel. Theological speculations are based on «history». Historical Christ becomes a political figure and is contrasted to Western Christianity’s notion. Liberationists deliberately ideologize history, declaring the principle of impartiality to be bourgeois and thus untenable. «Theology of liberation» favorably adapted an old idea of a special role of Latin America in the world history and transformed it into distinctive «Latin American socialism», that however differs from indigenismo. Dialogue with other non-Christian religions is popular. Latin America is the only Christian group of the so-called «Third World» nations, and this fact provides its special mission of mediation between Western theological tradition and most part of the non-Christian «Third World». The author demonstrates historiographic terms are critically evaluated in liberationists’ language, especially those related to Spanish intrusion to Latin America after Columbus’s expedition. Such notions as political regime, liberty, development are also getting new connotations. Some theologians attempt to revise M. Luther’s view on the Peasants’ War, they emphasize the moderate attitude of U. Zwingli. The article names various pacific measures proposed for history teaching.Deep impact of liberationist ideas on historical studies is guaranteed by mutual support among the liberationists, lack of criticism of both opponents and false teachings, furthermore, there are no efforts to have any hierarchy in the movement. The author contrasts «theology of liberation» and neoliberal capitalism concluding that their discussion turns into the battle of ideological antagonists