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Ultrasound has become an essential diagnostic tool in gynecology, and every practicing gynecologist must be able to differentiate normal from pathologic findings, such as benign or malignant pelvic masses, adnexal torsion, pelvic inflammation disease, endometriosis, ectopic pregnancies, and congenital uterine malformations at least on a basic level. A standardized approach to the correct settings of the ultrasound system, the indications for gynecologic ultrasound investigations, and the sonographic appearance of normal anatomy and common pathologic findings in the standard planes are important prerequisites for safe and confident clinical management of gynecologic patients. Based on current publications and different national and international guidelines, updated DEGUM, ÖGUM, and SGUM recommendations for the performance of basic gynecologic ultrasound examinations were established., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) contains hematopoietic stem cells with therapeutic potential and unique cellular properties. Due to the limited number of stem cells in the UCB (surrogate marker total nucleated cells, TNC), only one in five donations is suitable for transplantation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether predictive factors exist for a TNC count above the 99th percentile., Material and Methods: Retrospective data analysis of the 100 largest donations from 2,299 registered UCB units. Differences between maternal, fetal, and obstetric factors were analyzed and compared with a standardized cohort of 731 registered UCB units., Results: maternal age and BMI in the Top100 cohort were higher compared with the comparative cohort (32 vs. 31 years, p=0.007; 30 kg/m2 vs. 29 kg/m2, p=0.024). There were significantly more P1 (76.0 vs. 62.8%, p=0.013) and women with gestational diabetes (5.00 vs. 1.65%, p=0.044). The gestational week, birth weight, the proportion of vaginal-operative deliveries and secondary caesarean sections were higher in the Top100 cohort (40+4 vs. 40+1 wks, p=0.002), (3700 vs. 3450 g, p<0.001), (53.0 vs. 22.7%, p<0.001) (10 vs. 6.2%, p=0.014)., Conclusion: For a successful transplant, the amount of TNC in the UCB unit is crucial. Vaginal-operative deliveries, secondary caesarean sections, and a birth weight above 3700 g are favorable with regard to stem cell content. In cases with a complicated course of delivery, collection should not be neglected once the mother and child are safely cared for., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Gynecological sonography is the central and most frequently used technical examination method used by gynecologists. Its focus is on the clarification of masses of the uterus and the adnexa, fertility diagnosis, clarification of bleeding disorders and chronic and acute pelvic problems, pelvic floor and incontinence diagnosis as well as the differential diagnosis of disturbed early pregnancy. The indication for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, preoperative planning and postoperative controls are largely based on the findings of gynecological sonography. These examinations are particularly dependent on the experience of the examiner.Based on the proven multi-stage concept of obstetric diagnostics, gynecological sonography should primarily be performed by an experienced and specialized examiner in patients for whom the initial gynecological examinations have not yet led to a sufficient assessment of the findings. So that the expert status required for this has an objective basis, the Gynecology and Obstetrics Section of DEGUM in cooperation with ÖGUM and SGUM implemented the option of acquiring DEGUM Level II for gynecological sonography. The effectiveness of the care in the multi-level concept depends on the quality of the ultrasound examination at level I. Quality requirements for the basic examination and the differentiation between the basic and further examination have therefore already been defined by DEGUM/ÖGUM. The present work is intended to set out quality requirements for gynecological sonography of DEGUM level II and for the correspondingly certified gynecologists.Common pathologies from gynecological sonography and requirements for imaging and documentation are described., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Several prospective clinical trials have indicated an association between maternal periodontal status and adverse pregnancy outcome, e.g., low birth weight, pre-term birth and pre-eclampsia. However, the translation of these findings into clinical care and decision making is still a matter of debate. Gynecologists and obstetricians are usually not very familiar with periodontal diseases and do not always consider this pathology in routine preconception counselling. This article outlines the clinical pictures of the most common periodontal diseases and thus helps the gynecologists to identify patients with periodontal diseases., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

According to the 2005 WHO classification of head neck tumors the parakeratinized form of the odontogenic keratocyst (primordial cyst) is listed as benign odontogenic tumor and is classified as keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT). In this short communication the surgical regimen as well as KCOT as an entity are discussed., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)