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Background: Many studies have identified health inequalities in childhood and adolescence. However, it is unclear how these have developed in recent years, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Analyses are based on the German data from the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study from 2009/10 (n = 5,005), 2013/14 (n = 5,961), 2017/18 (n = 4,347), and 2022 (n = 6,475). A total of 21,788 students aged approximately between 11 and 15 years were included. Socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed using the Family Affluence Scale (FAS). Several health indicators were analysed stratified by gender using bivariate and multivariate analysis methods. Results: In 2022, there are clear socioeconomic inequalities in life satisfaction, self-rated health, fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical activity. These inequalities remained largely constant or increased between 2009/10 and 2022. Between 2017/18 and 2022, no significant changes in inequalities were found. Conclusions: Health inequalities are persistent and reduce the chances of growing up healthy. There is no evidence that inequalities in the analysed outcomes have changed during the pandemic period (between 2017/18 and 2022). Rather, the changes in the health indicators seem to affect all adolescents in a similar way.

Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von der theoretischen Perspektive der Educational Governance und des akteurszentrierten Institutionalismus, werden im folgenden Beitrag Akteure im Mehrebenensystem sowie ihr handelndes Zusammenwirken im Umgang mit Kursabbrüchen analysiert. Auf Basis der inhaltsanalytischen Auswertung von insgesamt 22 leitfadengestützten Interviews mit Dozierenden und Bildungsplanenden konnten drei wesentliche Umgangsstrategien mit Drop-out differenziert werden: Akzeptanz, Reduzierung und Verhinderung. Im Kern der Befunde steht die enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen Dozierenden und Bildungsplanenden. Deutlich werden die Eingebundenheit und Abhängigkeit ihrer Handlungskapazitäten, -optionen sowie ihrer wechselseitigen Erwartungen in und von umgangsstrategiespezifischen Akteurskonstellationen im Mehrebenensystem der Weiterbildung. Insgesamt verweist der Beitrag auf die Relevanz des handelnden Zusammenwirkens einer Vielzahl je unterschiedlicher Akteure im Umgang mit Kursabbrüchen, welche zukünftige Forschung berücksichtigen müsste.

Jiří Weil (1900–1959), the Czech writer of Jewish origin, is known primarily for his works of fiction dealing with the experience of the Shoah, both in the form of short stories and his celebrated novels Život s hvězdou (Life with a Star, 1949) and Na střeše je Mendelssohn (Mendelssohn is on the Roof, 1960), as well as the text collage Žalozpěv za 77 297 obětí (Lamentation for 77 297 Victims, 1958). However, the fact that Weil presented the theme of Jewishness also from a different perspective is often overlooked — for example in the novel Harfeník (The Harpist, 1958) and in the unpublished texts ‘Perrotina, mašina chlebozlodějská’ (Perrotine, the Bread-Stealing Machine) and ‘Tiskařská romance’ (A Printer’s Romance), in which he linked the theme of Jewishness to that of the beginnings of the labour movement in the Czech lands in the 19th century. Although Weil’s post-war literary output is characterised by his focus on themes of Jewishness and the Shoah, we also find Jewish figures represented in his pre-war novel writing. Last but not least, it is necessary also to recall his texts of a non-fiction character, in which he dealt with Jewish themes in the course of his employment at the State Jewish Museum. The focal point of this contribution therefore resides in the presentation of Weil’s lesser-known texts, dealing with the theme of Jewishness other than through the prism of the Shoah, and in his uncovering of a complex of Jewish identities in his pre-war novel Moskvahranice (Moscow-Border, 1937).

Cet article propose de revenir sur les mises en scène par Nicolas Stemann (Hambourg, 2014) et par Michael Thalheimer (Vienne, 2015) de la pièce Les Suppliants d’Elfriede Jelinek, écrite suite à l’occupation de l’église votive (Votivkirche) de Vienne par des réfugié.e.s afghan.e.s et pakistanais.e.s en 2013, et dans laquelle les réfugié.e.s parlent sous forme d’un chœur de suppliant.e.s. Les deux metteurs en scène expriment très différemment le long parcours souvent mortel des réfugié.e.s jusqu’en Europe et leur sort une fois arrivé.e.s. L’accueil mitigé qui leur est réservé et leur marginalisation au sein de la société rend la communication avec les Européen.ne.s difficile. Au théâtre s’ajoute la question de la communication avec le public et sa capacité à répondre aux supplications des réfugié.e.s.

Translation of German-European dietary recipes as a cultural transfer to Africa in Fatburner-Die 100 besten ALDI-Rezepte by Wolfgang Elsner (Inter-) cultural transfer is a phenomenon, which has been minimally studied in the field of translation of dietetics in particular and culinary arts in general. That is the reason why translation and Culinary art for dietetics are the main objectives of the present work, which takes a look at the translation of cooking recipes through the cultural transfer theory of Michel Espagne in particular. Through the commented translation of the recipe book Fatburner-Die 100 besten ALDI-Rezepte by the German writer called Wolfgang Elsner, this chunk of research shows how translation ensures the intercultural transfer from Europe (Germany) to Africa (French speaking countries) and vice-versa with the help of some translation techniques, strategies and methods. This research is structured in four main parts. It firstly shows the culinary art context and the feeding ways of the European-German world. Secondly, it portrays the significant transferable cultural aspects of culinary art which can be helpful to the African culture, while relaying on translation difficulties of receipts titles, ingredients, measurements and utensils. Thirdly, it exhibits the cultural transfer techniques or mechanisms that can be used by translators in order to adequately translate from one culture to the other in the culinary art or gastronomy from Europe to Africa. That means, this research shows the different strategies, mechanisms and translation´s astuteness which are appropriate for intercultural transfer during translation´s activities such as domestication (borrowings, transposition, explanation, Explizierung, etc.), and foreignisation (transposition, adaptation, equivalence, etc., which are two different translation´s strategies, that linguistically and culturally guide the translation, influence the ideological and cultural factors of translation and impact the reader of the translated text. Elsewhere, in this third part, this research proposes some little astuteness to the translators (who develop a specific interest to the culinary arts), such as: avoiding automatic translation´s programs, partially and completely replacing certain measurements for adequateness, cooperating with specialists-translators in the domain of culinary art (gastronomy) and having the passion for cooking. Fourthly, this chunk of research questions the reasons of intercultural transfer from one anthropologic culture to the other and specifically from European-German world to the African-French-speaking countries. That is, this part presents the significance of cultural transfer in African countries. This cultural transferability are therefore a prior, because it helps in solving cultural and linguistic problems faced by translators and chefs in restaurants, hotels and foreign-cuisines in touristic sites in Africa; in having information about culinary trends and menus in welcoming areas in African countries; in learning and transferring the German-European culture to the African culture, which internationalises and globalises African and Cameroonian hotels and restaurants while developing the touristic sector in Africa; in having and developing intercultural competence not only for the translator, but also at the national scale and particularly for chefs in touristic sites, restaurants and hotels; and solving some health problems in Africa, where many people are also suffering from diseases such as obesity, hypertensions, diabetes and other sickness related to fats and oil. This final aspect of the cultural transfer is very important for tourism in Africa, because the dietetics dimension of culinary art in hotels and restaurants can make advertisement and create more attractions for tourists from all over the world to the African continent. Finally, one of the major direct positive consequences of (inter)cultural transfer of culinary art from European-German to African-Cameroonian is the development of tourism and moreover, it helps to make the selection amongst the helpful European-German culture, which sustains African tourism and create the cultural bridge between the two culturally very different continents, whose relationship has always been full of tensions because of colonial chocks and intercultural misunderstandings during that passed period and even now.

Ein Vorschlag aus FDP-Kreisen sorgt seit Anfang Oktober für verfassungsrechtliches Stirnrunzeln: Durch die Einführung eines neuen Staatsziels „Verkehrsinfrastruktur“ im Grundgesetz soll eine schnellere Umsetzung von Infrastrukturvorhaben ermöglicht werden. Bei näherer Betrachtung entpuppt sich die Idee bestenfalls als Symbolpolitik, tatsächlich aber wohl als Fördermaßnahme für klimaschädliche Verkehrsinfrastruktur.

The study shows the importance of marriages of the daughters of Czech rulers of Přemyslide period to the political goals of their fathers. An analysis of the known facts about the marriages of the Přemyslids and their partners shows that the choice of partners of the ruler’s descendants was subordinated to their political interests and goals.

The author deals with the sources that the oldest Czech chronicler, the Dean of the Prague Chapter Cosmas († 1125) used for his interpretation of older Czech history and the personality of the third Prague bishop Thiddag (998–1017). On the basis of an analysis of Cosmas’s text, the author concluded that the chronicler had, in addition to the Imperial annals, a catalogue of Prague bishops, incomplete reports of the succession of Czech rulers, several annalistic records of Czech history, and an oral tradition. The lack of information in some places was replaced by his rhetorical abilities. As for Bishop Thiddag, Cosmas tells about his election and enthronement, then about his death on June 11, 1017. It is apparent that Cosmas did not know much about the third bishop of Prague and the events that took place under his office, so he helped out the usual rhetorical topoi.

This study looks at sentiments within Hussite Bohemia in the early 1430s after a decade of war in which, although the Hussites had defeated five crusades, they were failing to secure public discussion of the Hussite programme. These sentiments were expressed by a Hussite spokesman, Master of the Arts Faculty of Prague University, Laurentius of Březová, in a poem responding to the Bohemians’ victory over the fifth crusade at Domažlice on 14 August 1431.

In the marine environment, positive law generates multiple zones and regulatory limits that overlap in space, justifying a cartographic representation as a relevant approach to promote understanding (synthetic vision), analysis (highlighting legal anomalies, inconsistencies and redundancies), dissemination and communication to different audiences (awareness-raising). The article presents a methodology leading to the mapping of marine and coastal environmental law in West Africa, using a geographic information base to produce static or interactive cartographic representations via a Geographic Data Infrastructure (GDI). It shows the contribution of this type of mapping to a transversal approach in a multi-activity, multi-sectoral and multi-scale context. A series of interviews with Senegalese stakeholders, mainly State services, is carried out in order to assess the practices, expectations and limitations of this atlas of marine environmental law. Even if its use currently remains limited, the interest of the atlas is underlined by stakeholders who are facing growing challenges (preservation of resources and biodiversity, development of new activities, conflicts of use...) and who need to initiate a marine spatial planning process. Recommendations can now be put forward to promote the use of environmental law atlases to help implement an implementation of an operational strategy for integrated management of the sea and coast.

As with most of the Latin cultural circle countries, the oldest written texts, including the historical writings, in the Czech Lands were written in Latin. In Bohemia, the first translations of texts on historical topics into vernacular languages appear in the second half of the 13th century. It begins with loose adaptations of “common historical” topics, such as the life of Alexander the Great, in German and from the end of the 13th century also in Czech. In the first half of the 14th century we can find real translations of historical texts, not from Latin into vernacular language, but on the contrary from Czech into Latin and into German (Chronicle of so called Dalimil). Following are the German chronicles in verse, already translated from Latin. While the Latin translation was probably meant for a highlevel laic, the German texts were written for the German monks living in the Bohemia, and perhaps for the Prague patricians. Further translations of historical texts were being written from the second half of the 14th century. Those are the translations of the official historical works from the Charles IV era into Czech, later also into German for the citizens of “incorporated lands of the Bohemian Crown”. At the end of the 14th and at the beginning of the 15th century, even the “common” texts of Latin culture were translated into Czech, such as Peter Comestorʼs Historia scholastica, Martin of Opavaʼs Chronicon pontificum et imperatorum or the German chronicle of Jacob Twinger of Königshofen. However, the readers were much more interested in pseudo-historical light literature. The translators were among the clergymen, but also laymen, and the translated texts were primarily meant for laic readers. In the 15th century, the Czech history was being translated also outside the Czech borders, mainly in Bavaria.

no abstract available

Sammelrezension von Marie Bonnot, Kristina Höfer, Agnes Karpinski, Martin Meiser, Janett Reinstädler, Sigrid Ruby und Christiane Solte-Gresser im DFG-Graduiertenkolleg „Europäische Traumkulturen“ (GRK 2021), Universität des Saarlandes.

A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled study was conducted in healthy human volunteers with the primary objective of exploring the existence of a positive interaction between paracetamol 1 g and ketorolac 20 mg intravenously on experimental pain models. Further, the simplified UVB model was validated as a screening tool for analgesics or a combination of analgesics in clinical drug development. It was observed that the UVB irradiation induced primary hyperalgesia, evidenced by significant decreases of the heat pain threshold from (mean ± SD) 46.9 ± 1.1 °C to 40.1 ± 1.7 °C (p

French urban law has been conceived as a framework for the urbanization of unused space. However, at present, its usefulness for the development of already urbanized areas is questioned. This is particularly true for the two main instruments of local planning, the Plan d’Occupation du Sol (POS) and the Zones d’Aménagement Concertés (ZAC). But the consequences of local urban planning on the real estate activity in the short and the long run are not well known. This study aims at analyzing how local urban policies - and in particular the rules of the POS and the ZAC - determine the change in urban texture. The research carried out is original in that it focusses on the urban transformation at the level of land lots by the means of a data base on building permissions. This instrument allows us to analyze the spatial dimension of the change in real estate activity quantitatively. It is used to study the urban transformation of two municipalities in the western Parisian outskirts - Issy-Les-Moulineaux and Boulogne-Billancourt - since 1980. The study shows that the rights to build and the programs of ZACs may influence the real estate activity and its spatial distribution significantly. However, this link is not systematic and exhibits non trivial features.

À partir d’une enquête de terrain réalisée entre 2009 et 2011 à Lalibela, petite ville patrimoniale et touristique du nord de l’Éthiopie, cet article propose une réflexion sur les rencontres entre touristes internationaux et société locale. Au-delà du « paradigme criticiste » qui met en évidence les méfaits du tourisme dans certains espaces sociaux du Sud, nous envisageons de montrer comment la rencontre touristique est un moment d’articulation au Monde d’une société locale par ailleurs peu insérée dans des flux internationaux, c’est-à-dire un moment de l’hybridation des pratiques et représentations culturelles. Nous nous intéressons également aux ressorts sociaux et économiques de ces relations. Celles-ci ne se construisent pas au hasard d’une rencontre mais résultent de stratégies que mettent en œuvre certains groupes, plutôt jeunes et masculins, pour provoquer puis faire durer la relation. Dans ce contexte, les histoires emblématiques de quelques « parrainés » fortunés alimentent les fantasmes de jeunes gens en quête d’ancrage dans le monde et d’une « vie meilleure ».

This article presents some reflections on encounters between international tourists and local society, based on fieldwork carried out between 2009 and 2011 in Lalibela, a small heritage and tourist town in northern Ethiopia. Beyond the “criticist paradigm” which highlights the harmful effects of tourism in certain social spaces of the South, it aims at showing how the encounter with tourists is a moment of connecting with the World for a local society which otherwise has very few contacts with international flows, or a moment of hybridisation of cultural practices and representations. We will also consider the social and economic dynamics of these relations, which are not built on fortuitous encounters but result from strategies involving certain groups, usually of young men, who seek out the relationship and then make it last. In this context, the emblematic stories of a few fortunate “sponsored” people fuel the fantasies of young people seeking to gain a foothold in the world and a “better life”.

Grazie ad un lavoro sul terreno realizzato tra il 2009 e il 2011 a Lalibela, piccola città riconosciuta nella lista del Patrimonio mondiale dell’Unesco e destinazione turistica del Nord dell’Etiopia, questo articolo presenta delle riflessioni sugli incontri che avvengono tra turisti internazionali e società locale. Al di la del “paradigma critico-induttivo” che evidenzia i pericoli che possono derivare dal turismo in alcune spazi sociali del Sud, qui si intende mostrare come il turismo sia un momento di contatto con il mondo per una società locale ben poco inserita nei flussi internazionali, o meglio, come si verifichino in questo contesto pratiche di ibridazione e rappresentazioni culturali. L’autore vuole sottolineare anche l’interesse a conoscere le cause sociali ed economiche di tali relazioni. Queste non sono costruiti in modo casuale, ma sono il risultato di strategie messe in atto da alcuni gruppi, per lo più giovani e di sesso maschile, per provocare l’incontro e poi costruire e consolidare una relazione. In questo contesto, storie esemplari di alcuni fortunati “patrocinati” alimentano le fantasie dei giovani alla ricerca di un inserimento nel mondo e di una “vita migliore”.