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Hospitality students are the future negotiators of cultural interaction in our field, and how they imagine culture through their language studies is important. In particular, cultural concepts form an essential part of their motivation to learn a foreign language, in so far as it indicates their willingness to integrate into another culture, as Gardner (1960; 2007) and Dörnyei (2001;1994) have demonstrated. In fact, this integrative motivation has been recognized as one of the key elements for a successful learning outcome in languages. Our research explores whether integrative motivation is ubiquitous in the English for hospitality classroom. In a study with 51 adult English for Hospitality students, it found that students saw culture as malleable and showed a mixed motivational orientation. Based on these findings, some relevant curriculum implications are discussed. Apart from having the necessary practical skills required in the industry, hospitality students and workers also need to be effective communicators by understanding the roots of cultural awareness and the possibility of having more than one cultural identity.

El diálogo con el artículo de NN, Die Sprache der Gewalt, se plantea la necesidad de percibir la violencia en términos más amplios que el estudio semántico de la violencia física. Se toman sus conceptos de un vocabulario de violencia física (injusticia) exclusivamente humana y una violencia finalizadora que aplica YHWH. Se evalúan estos hallazgos en dos textos, Isaías 2-4 y Ezequiel 22:23-31.

Graphene is one of the leading materials in today's science, but the lack of a band gap limits its application to replace semiconductors in optoelectronic devices. To overcome this limitation, the replacement of C=C bonds by isostructural and isoelectronic bonds is emerging as an effective strategy to open a band gap in monoatomic graphene layers. First prepared by Stock and Pohland in 1926, borazine is the isoelectronic and isostructural inorganic analogue of benzene, where the C=C bonds are replaced by B–N couples. The strong polarity of the BN bonds widens the molecular HOMO–LUMO gap, imparting strong UV-emission/absorption and electrical insulating properties. These properties make borazine a valuable molecular scaffold to be inserted as doping units in graphitic-based carbon materials to tailor a relevant band gap. It is with this objective that we became interested in the development of new synthetic organic methodologies to gain access to functionalized borazine derivatives. In particular, we have described the synthesis of borazine derivatives that, featuring aryl substituents at the B-centers bearing ortho-functionalities, are exceptionally stable against hydrolysis. Building on these structural motifs, we prepared hybrid BN-doped polyphenylene nanostructures featuring controlled doping patterns, both as dosage and orientation. Finally, exploiting the Friedel-Craft electrophilic aromatic substitution, we could develop the first rational synthesis of the first soluble hexa-peri-hexabenzoborazinocoronene and measured its optoelectronic properties, showing a widening of its gap compared to its full-carbon congener.

Resumo: além de advertir contra a preguiça ou os efeitos da embriaguez, vários textos bíblicos alertam acerca da relação entre a sede de beber e a sede do poder. Estudam-se vários textos proféticos e sapienciais, nos quais se evidencia esta relação entre o consumo desenfreado de bebidas e a administração da (in)justiça em benefício próprio e, portanto, em detrimento das pessoas mais pobres. Palavras-chave: Vinho. Injustiça social. Profetas. Provérbios.