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Aim of the Study: There is a lack of knowledge about attitudes to influenza vaccination in Germany in 2021/2022. Based on the COSMO survey ("COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring"), the aim of this study was to shed some light on this topic., Methods: Wave 49 (August 10 and 11, 2021) of the COSMO survey (n=967; Germany-wide non-probabilistic quota sample; 18 to 74 years)., Results: This year, about one-third of respondents (and health care workers) plan to get a flu shot, and among the at-risk group of people aged 60 and older (up to 74 years in our sample), more than half. Correlates (such as gender: women with a lower likelihood of a planned flu shot) were identified., Conclusion: Physicians should inform women in particular about the advantages of influenza vaccination, especially during the pandemic, and communicate data on the proven protective effect of influenza vaccination as convincingly as possible (e. g., using existing brochures)., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Background: Although COVID-19 vaccination reduces severe disease progression as well as hospitalisations and deaths, every fourth to fifth person in Germany is not vaccinated against COVID-19. Effective information and communication measures are needed to reach these people. For this, it is important to know the information behaviour as well as the health competences in the area of COVID-19 vaccination, especially of previously unvaccinated people., Methods: The third representative population survey (November/December 2021; n = 4366) of the CoSiD study (Corona vaccination in Germany) was conducted as a combined telephone and online survey. Bivariate correlations between reported information behaviour, subjective health literacy and vaccination status and intention are investigated. In addition, multivariate correlations of socio-demographic characteristics and subjective health literacy are analysed., Results: Undecided people and people that are more likely to vaccinate were overall less likely to report a good subjective level of information (46.1%; 41.1%) and competences in evaluating information about COVID-19 vaccination (36.5%; 38.8%) as well as decision making (39.0%; 35.9%). Unvaccinated people without vaccination intentions are more likely to report observing information rated as untrustworthy or wrong (60.3%). People with a lower level of education, younger people and people with a migration background report lower levels of heath literacy., Discussion: Communication measures to promote health literacy should specifically address people with uncertain vaccination intentions as well as younger people, people with lower levels of education and people with a migration background., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: Parents face a variety of personal challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, while simultaneously being confronted with additional, school-related pandemic containment measures., Objectives: To investigate burden in parents of school-aged children across different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany and to identify particularly affected subgroups., Methods: The COSMO project is a repetitive cross-sectional survey monitoring the psychosocial situation of the population in Germany during the pandemic with a sample size of approximately n = 1000 respondents per survey wave. A quantitative analysis of COSMO data was conducted using closed survey questions on the item "burden" as the main outcome, and, if applicable, on parenthood-associated burden from March 2020 until January 2021., Results: During the first COVID-19 wave, parents of school-aged children were significantly more burdened compared to the general study population. However, burden decreased significantly from March/April to June 2020. During the second COVID-19 wave in January 2021, burden was homogeneously high across all groups. Single parenthood, a low household income, having a chronic health condition, a COVID-19 infection and a migration background were associated with higher burden, although none of these factors was consistently significant across the survey waves. Mothers reported to be more affected by parenthood-related burden than fathers., Conclusions: School measures for infection control have to be weighed carefully against the psychological impact on parental burden with subsequent negative impact on the family system. An English full-text version of this article is available at SpringerLink as Supplementary Information., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Background: Studies show that the prevalence of binge drinking among young people in Germany is declining overall. This change is usually studied in more detail based on age and gender. This paper expands on these analyses and examines whether the decline in binge drinking among young people differs as a function of educational level and migration background., Methods: Based on representative surveys conducted by the Federal Center for Health Education (BZgA), 30-day prevalences of binge drinking were determined for Germany between 2008 and 2019 for male and female 12- to 17-year-old adolescents and 18- to 25-year-old young adults. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate trend patterns for the period from 2008 to 2019. This was also done as a function of education level and migration background., Results: Across all surveys, more young adults than adolescents, more male than female young people, and more young people without a migration background get drunk. Between 2008 and 2019, the 30-day prevalence of binge drinking decreased overall among adolescents (male: from 23.0 to 16.4%; female: from 17.7 to 10.7%) and young men (from 53.0 to 43.9%), and it did not change statistically significantly among young women (2008: 28.1%; 2019: 24.5%). The trend analyses depending on the level of education and migration background show that at least among young women without a (technical) higher education entrance qualification there is a decrease in binge drinking., Discussion: The decline in binge drinking may differ depending on social characteristics. Such differences should be taken into account in the prevention of binge drinking. In particular, young women with a higher level of education must be reached with prevention offers.

With the declaration of a pandemic situation of national significance by the German Bundestag, the Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA) is fulfilling its task of providing information for understanding the pandemic situation and implementing the necessary protective measures in a clear manner throughout Germany within the framework of the adapted National Pandemic Plan COVID-19. The BZgA targets its information according to the needs of specific groups and actively involves multipliers.In order to incorporate the perspectives of the population as well as those of prevention and health promotion professionals into the services developed by the BZgA, given the particularly initial low level of knowledge in the population, various methods and data sources were used: the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO) population survey, the monitoring of citizens' enquiries via telephone and e‑mail to the BZgA, surveys of counselling professionals from nationwide telephone and online counselling centres, surveys of health professionals in early help (NZFH) and interdisciplinary practice expert hearings. Beyond providing pure information, practical and everyday offers should be developed and provided according to WHO guidelines and evidence-based criteria of effective communication in order to support the competences for a gradual adaptation to a "new normality".The paper describes the data-based and evidence-informed development process of communication content and offers, their dissemination via existing websites and channels for other topics as well as their integration into the new online platform www.zusammengegencorona.de . This demonstrates how demand-driven and target group-specific communication offers can be implemented beyond the classic and proven campaign appearance.

Background: National and international studies indicate that despite the decline in the consumption of traditional tobacco cigarettes, the consumption of other products, such as waterpipes (or hookahs), e‑cigarettes or e‑hookahs (a variant of e‑cigarettes), may be increasing. In addition to the long-term change in smoking behaviour, this article examines how the prevalence of smoking tobacco cigarettes, waterpipes, e‑cigarettes and e‑hookahs in adolescents and young adults in Germany has developed between 2007 and 2016., Methods: Data are based on representative surveys on substance use among adolescents and young adults between the ages of 12 and 25 conducted by the Federal Center for Health Education (BZgA) from 1973 to 2016. Age- and gender-specific trends of the proportion of those who describe themselves as smokers are shown. Additionally, trends of single and combined 30-day prevalence of consumption of tobacco cigarettes, waterpipes, e‑cigarettes and e‑hookahs are presented and tested for significance., Results: Between 2007 and 2016, the decline in the proportion of adolescents and young adults who call themselves smokers and the decline of 30-day prevalence of consumption of tobacco cigarettes continued. At the same time, the consumption of waterpipes is rising in young adults and the consumption of e‑cigarettes is rising in young men. Among adolescents, the exclusive use of waterpipes, e‑cigarettes or e‑hookahs was more widespread in 2016 than the exclusive consumption of tobacco cigarettes., Discussion: In comparison to tobacco cigarettes, the consumption of waterpipes, e‑cigarettes and e‑hookahs is becoming increasingly important among adolescents and young adults. Thus, these products must also be considered in the planning and design of preventive measures for the prevention of smoking.