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The article presents the biographies of two queer sub-proletarian women who were socio-racially persecuted, pathologized, and criminalized under National Socialism and who, having been labeled with the construct »asocial«, survived imprisonment in several concentration camps. The central questions are: How did marginalized women whose sexuality did not conform to prevailing norms try to defend themselves against the escalating state measures of control, persecution, and violence to which they were exposed? What spaces for action were available to them and how did they use them? The result shows two very dif ferent survival strategies: One protagonist created her own – albeit unreal – space for action by taking refuge in a dream world but accepting the values attributed to her by the persecuting authorities. The other protagonist sought to regain the initiative by making use of all the spaces available to her. She survived by becoming a perpetrator in the concentration camp as a Kapo or »prisoner functionary« and was later sentenced to a long prison term in Poland as a war criminal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Colonialism did not transform African peasants into waged labor.A majority of peasants worked as forced laborers, often unpaid, and they returned to their agricultural household labor as soon as they completed work assignments mandated by the colonizers. Colonial Africans resided in mixed livelihood households in which nonwaged labor forms (both free and unfree) predominated, and very few became dependent on wages. For a majority of colonial Africans, informal sector activities, tenancy,sharecropping, and subsistence production on communal plots were not temporary nonwaged forms on an inevitable path toward proletarianization.Wage earning was not the primary mechanism through which thesehouseholds were integrated into the modern world-system. Instead, these households primarily provided nonwaged labors to capitalist commodity chains that, in turn, extracted surpluses from them and externalized costs of production to them.

This article presents a reply to the critical essay "Niedergang und Renaissance der Selbständigen! Notizen zu Hagelstange: Niedergang oder Renaissance der Selbständigen?" by Dieter Bögenhold. The author comments on the superficial criticisms presented by Bögenhold of the former's data about entrepreneurs in Europe and North America. Particularly, the author comments on the connection the Bögenhold makes between the weakening of the proletarianization process and the dynamics of accumulation.

This article presents a critique of the essay "Niedergang oder Renaissance der Selbständigen? Statistische Daten zur Entwicklung in der EG und in Nordamerika," by Thomas Hagelstange. The author comments on the use of term "proletarianiazation" (Proletarisierung) and the types of jobs that come under the term. The author also comments on the data presented on the self-employed.

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)