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Abstract Background Selective breeding is a promising solution to reduce the vulnerability of fish farms to heat waves, which are predicted to increase in intensity and frequency. However, limited information about the genetic architecture of acute hyperthermia resistance in fish is available. Two batches of sibs from a rainbow trout commercial line were produced: the first (N = 1382) was phenotyped for acute hyperthermia resistance at nine months of age and the second (N = 1506) was phenotyped for main production traits (growth, body length, muscle fat content and carcass yield) at 20 months of age. Fish were genotyped on a 57 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and their genotypes were imputed to high-density based on the parent’s genotypes from a 665 K SNP array. Results The heritability estimate of resistance to acute hyperthermia was 0.29 ± 0.05, confirming the potential of selective breeding for this trait. Since genetic correlations of acute hyperthermia resistance with the main production traits near harvest age were all close to zero, selecting for acute hyperthermia resistance should not impact the main production traits, and vice-versa. A genome-wide association study revealed that resistance to acute hyperthermia is a highly polygenic trait, with six quantitative trait loci (QTL) detected, but explaining less than 5% of the genetic variance. Two of these QTL, including the most significant one, may explain differences in acute hyperthermia resistance across INRAE isogenic lines of rainbow trout. Differences in mean acute hyperthermia resistance phenotypes between homozygotes at the most significant SNP was 69% of the phenotypic standard deviation, showing promising potential for marker-assisted selection. We identified 89 candidate genes within the QTL regions, among which the most convincing functional candidates are dnajc7, hsp70b, nkiras2, cdk12, phb, fkbp10, ddx5, cygb1, enpp7, pdhx and acly. Conclusions This study provides valuable insight into the genetic architecture of acute hyperthermia resistance in juvenile rainbow trout. We show that the selection potential for this trait is substantial and selection for this trait should not be too detrimental to improvement of other traits of interest. Identified functional candidate genes provide new knowledge on the physiological mechanisms involved in acute hyperthermia resistance, such as protein chaperoning, oxidative stress response, homeostasis maintenance and cell survival.

This contribution sets out to investigate the inclusion of childhood experiences of state violence in museum narratives displayed in former clandestine detention centres set up by the last Argentine dictatorship (1976–1983) and later reconverted into memorial spaces and museums. In a comparative analysis, we examine three different curatorial approaches to this topic, discussing the strategies deployed to represent these experiences: the permanent exhibition at the ESMA Museum and Site of Memory, the “virtual museum” Proyecto Tesoros [Treasures Project], by Colectivo de hijos (Cdh) [Collective of Children], and a temporary exhibition entitled “¿Aquí hubo niñ@s?” [Were There Children Here?] at the former Olimpo. We furthermore discuss a new perspective that has not so far been acknowledged in museological exhibition practice in post-dictatorship Argentina: the affective response by visitors to the representation of children as survivors of the dictatorship.

This article is part of the Com2SiCa research, which seeks two objectives: firstly, to understand the diversity of human behavior and the way in which it can evolve during a major, sudden and unpredictable disaster; and, secondly, to analyze the trajectories associated with spontaneous decisions to evacuate (or not) the area where a disaster has occurred.Knowledge in this field is scarce because of the difficulty, for both practical and ethical reasons, to address the diversity of behavioral responses during the course of a disaster. In order to capture this precise moment, “during” the event, we have developed an experimental field survey methodology that relies on an immersive visual and acoustic simulation. By immersing participants in disaster scenarios, this innovative method aims to produce data on observable behavioral responses to emergency situations. Trialed in two coastal cities, Nice and Le Havre, in order to test the replicability of the approach and compare the results, it was designed for "natural" or "industrial" disaster scenarios with common temporal characteristics, that is, a sudden, rapid onset with little or no warning. We present the approach, its goals and the type of methodological innovation it entailed. The city of Le Havre was chosen as a case-study to test our method. Our results highlight the validity and value of conducting immersive field investigations and confirm the fact that, for the same disaster scenario, people can behave in a wide variety of ways, and may be alert, in control or in a state of panic. Some people are static (for example, immobile or stunned), while others are dynamic (for example, searching for loved ones or fleeing). The result of this behavioural diversity is a heterogeneity in the trajectories taken to evacuate the site of the disaster or to take cover. We also observe that trajectories depend on the spatial configuration of the location where the event takes place. Knowledge of this behavioural heterogeneity as well as the influence of location could be useful to decision-makers and other stakeholders.

O artigo visa a apresentar a experiência com o trabalho “Projekt Deutsch lernen mit Instagram” conduzido com duas turmas do 1º ano do ensino médio no Colégio Cruzeiro (Rio de Janeiro) no primeiro semestre de 2021. O projeto, que consistiu na elaboração e manutenção de perfis do Instagram feitos por e para aprendizes de alemão, teve como objetivo principal reavivar o interesse dos alunos e alunas, cuja motivação encontrava-se seriamente comprometida em decorrência das limitações impostas pela pandemia do Covid-19. Adicionalmente à descrição das fases do projeto e à reflexão sobre os resultados obtidos, serão aqui brevemente discutidas as possibilidades e potenciais desafios do uso de redes sociais em aula de língua estrangeira conforme as pesquisas de Lomicka & Lord (2016) e Würffel (2020) que embasaram a idealização do projeto.

Abstract Background Short tandem repeats (STRs) are genetic markers with a greater mutation rate than single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and are widely used in genetic studies and forensics. However, most studies in pigs have focused only on SNPs or on a limited number of STRs. Results This study screened 394 deep-sequenced genomes from 22 domesticated pig breeds/populations worldwide, wild boars from both Europe and Asia, and numerous outgroup Suidaes, and identified a set of 878,967 polymorphic STRs (pSTRs), which represents the largest repository of pSTRs in pigs to date. We found multiple lines of evidence that pSTRs in coding regions were affected by purifying selection. The enrichment of trinucleotide pSTRs in coding sequences (CDS), 5′UTR and H3K4me3 regions suggests that trinucleotide STRs serve as important components in the exons and promoters of the corresponding genes. We demonstrated that, compared to SNPs, pSTRs provide comparable or even greater accuracy in determining the breed identity of individuals. We identified pSTRs that showed significant population differentiation between domestic pigs and wild boars in Asia and Europe. We also observed that some pSTRs were significantly associated with environmental variables, such as average annual temperature or altitude of the originating sites of Chinese indigenous breeds, among which we identified loss-of-function and/or expanded STRs overlapping with genes such as AHR, LAS1L and PDK1. Finally, our results revealed that several pSTRs show stronger signals in domestic pig—wild boar differentiation or association with the analysed environmental variables than the flanking SNPs within a 100-kb window. Conclusions This study provides a genome-wide high-density map of pSTRs in diverse pig populations based on genome sequencing data, enabling a more comprehensive characterization of their roles in evolutionary and environmental adaptation.

In this paper, I propose to imagine, through Non–Cartesian substance dualism (NCSD), how we could resurrect. Even though many objections have been addressed to the classic conception of eschatology since the beginning of the century of eschatology, I propose we have some reasons to think that a more corporeal conception of the eschaton is not only desirable but also metaphysically possible and compatible with biblical data. I shall explore what I call the Christ Body Argument, which invites us to reject, on the one hand, a disembodied existence in heaven, and on the other side to adopt a corporeal existence of Christ in heaven. A kind of Dualism, and more precisely, one possessing NCSD’s virtues, could play a role in exploring this new theological option. I expect to show that NCSD is a metaphysical option allowing us to understand better what we are. If we hope and believe in the resurrection of the dead, NCSD provides an interesting model to think about it.

Our schools are becoming more and more multicultural every year. It is no longer uncommon to have in the same classroom students from over a dozen nationalities, with diverse backgrounds, beliefs and ways of seeing the world.This article is an invitation to reflect on the role that non-formal artistic and creative activities can play in multicultural educational settings. To this end, an excerpt from a Case Study carried out in one of Canada's most multicultural schools is presented, showcasing some of the activities developed there and analyzing the positive influences they have in its educational community.

This paper compares Hierarchical Clustering, Bayesian Networks and Self-Organizing Map Neural Networks (SOM and superSOM) approaches used for clustering purposes in geographic space. The same dataset, covering the Republic of India and made of 55 indicators for 640 spatial units (administrative districts), is used in the three analyses. Indicators descry the several aspects of urban, economic and socio-demographic development in India. Bayesian Networks use a likelihood function while SOM/SuperSOM and Hierarchical Clustering minimize variance of Euclidean distance in variable space, the former by preserving the topological properties within the output space and the latter by successively combining similar items. Relatively similar multi-step protocols have been implemented for the three techniques, to take into account variable redundancy. Methods as well as clustering results are compared. From this perspective, the aim of the paper is to highlight the similarities between the protocols and to evaluate the differences between the segmentation approaches (geographical and variable space comparisons). A few key points are also discussed such as the data pre-processing steps, the conception of latent factors and the choice of the number of clusters.

Homenaje a Juan Adolfo Bonaccini (1965 - 2016)

According to Francisco de Vitoria’s philosophy the vulnerability of the human condition and the development of intellectual faculties are the causes leading to the creation of civil society. Vitoria asserts that civil power lies within the republic, as it is not bestowed, via divine grace, to any specific person. On this premise, Vitoria develops the discourse around the origin of civil society through a philosophical investigation, rejecting theological explanations such as the divine grace. Thanks to this approach, Vitoria forges an early connection with modern theories about popular sovereignty. In this paper, Vitoria’s thesis is discussed through the analysis of three dichotomies: divine grace and human nature, language and sociability, rational thought and freedom

The use of tert-butanesulfinamides as nitrogen nucleophiles in carbon–nitrogen bond forming reactions is reviewed. This field has grown in the shadow of the general interest in N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines for asymmetric synthesis and occupies now an important place in its own right in the chemistry of the chiral amine reagent tert-butanesulfinamide. This article provides an overview of the area and emphasizes recent contributions wherein the tert-butanesulfinamides act as chiral auxiliaries or perform as nitrogen donors in metal-catalyzed amination reactions.

This contribution discusses technical and growth relevant aspects of using laser techniques for weed control. The research on thermal weed control via laser first focused on the interaction of laser beams and weed plants. Due to preliminary studies, a CO2-laser was selected for further studies with regard to the process factors laser energy, laser spot area, coverage of the weeds meristem, weed species (Amaranthus retroflexus), and weed growth stage. Thereby, the laser damage was modeled in order to control the necessary laser output power online. Furthermore, the beam positioning leading to an effective damaging of the weeds was investigated and a test device was designed. With the aid of contemporary image processing algorithms for weed recognition and meristem determination, a laser and servo-motor control was developed. Most of the studies presented in this paper were part of the project “Investigations on laser light affected weed control of juvenile plants with the aid of image processing” funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.

Decision making is one of the important tasks of every manager. The process of taking decisions has to be based on knowledge. For optimizing this process some software solutions has been created. In this article we tried to summarize some of the features which exists in some software applications.

Dans cet article, nous nous proposons d’aborder le problème des universauxchez Thomas d’Aquin avec des lunettes analytiques (pour reprendre lacélèbre expression de Jonathan Barnes). À partir du critère sémantiquede Peirce repris par Armstrong, nous présenterons une nouvelle lecture dela position de Thomas, notamment à partir du De ente et essentia. Nousintroduirons par la suite la thèse de Thomas d’Aquin dans les discussionscontemporaines, afin de révéler la difficulté de classer Thomas d’Aquincomme un simple réaliste, voire universaliste. Notre objectif est alors deprésenter une nouvelle lecture de la position de l’Aquinate, tout en montrantcomment et pourquoi elle pourrait se présenter comme une solutionprometteuse dans la discussion du problème des universaux

Climate is getting more significant in the study of population dynamics. Experts agree on the fact that climate change will likely be one of the main drivers of ecological change in upcoming decades. The goal of this research is to identify the main drivers of Québec boreal bird species distribution, in order to generate models of future spatial distributions under different climate scenarios. For this purpose two multivariate approaches are employed (Redundancy Canonical Analysis – RDA – and variation partitioning). A total of 39 bird species are selected as well as bioclimatic variables, anthropic disturbances, forest cover and elevation. Bioclimatic variables explain 53% of the variation in species distribution, while resource variables, comprising elevation and percentage of wet areas, are responsible of 5% and anthropic variables of 1%. Model results for two species confirm the hypothesis that the spatial distribution of boreal birds will be deeply modified by climate change and that the birds will likely move towards higher latitude or altitude, following the warming intensity.

Das Gedicht “Zürich, zum Storchen” von Paul Celan wird oft als Zeugnis der Spannung zwischen ihm und Nelly Sachs gelesen, die vor allem durch die verschiedenen Einstellungen bezüglich der Schoah entstanden ist. Wird aber das Gedicht im Zusammenhang mit dem Zyklus Die Niemandsrose und mit der poetologischen Reflexion gelesen, die Celan zu dieser Zeit beschäftigte, dann geht Celans Gegenposition weit über eine theologische Diskussion hinaus: Sie gilt der Behauptung der menschlichen Präsenz.

Freqüentemente Paul Celan reflete sobre a possibilidade de compreender, perceber, conhecer um outro e a realidade através da poesia. Assim, ele localiza sua poesia no âmbito cognitivo. Dessa perspectiva, o poema “Sprachgitter” – como também a metáfora “Sprachgitter”, que determina a compreensão celaniana da língua no final dos anos 50 – pode ser novamente interpretado. No presente artigo, o poema “Sprachgitter” é interpretado como um processo de conhecimento que se realiza em dois movimentos: concentração e abertura. Outros textos poetológicos, bem como cartas de Paul Celan, serão analisados sob essa perspectiva.

Through millions of years of evolution, Nature has accomplished the development of highly efficient and sustainable processes and the idea to understand and copy natural strategies is therefore very appealing. However, in spite of intense experimental and computational research, it has turned out to be a difficult task to design efficient biomimetic systems. Here we discuss a novel strategy for the computational design of biomimetic compounds and processes that consists of i) target selection; ii) atomistic and electronic characterization of the wild type system and the biomimetic compounds; iii) identification of key descriptors through feature selection iv) choice of biomimetic template and v) efficient search of chemical and sequence space for optimization of the biomimetic system. As a proof-of-principles study, this general approach is illustrated for the computational design of a 'green' catalyst mimicking the action of the zinc metalloenzyme Human Carbonic Anhydrase (HCA). HCA is a natural model for CO2 fixation since the enzyme is able to convert CO2 into bicarbonate. Very recently, a weakly active HCA mimic based on a trihelical peptide bundle was synthetized. We have used quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) Car-Parrinello simulations to study the mechanisms of action of HCA and its peptidic mimic and employed the obtained information to guide the design of improved biomimetic analogues. Applying a genetic algorithm based optimization procedure, we were able to re-engineer and optimize the biomimetic system towards its natural counter part. In a second example, we discuss a similar strategy for the design of biomimetic sensitizers for use in dye-sensitized solar cells.