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3DWelding – additive fabrication of structural steel elements This paper investigates the possibilities of robotic 3D printing with steel (WAAM – Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing) in the construction industry. The aim of the project team is to develop a stable and economical manufacturing process for customized steel elements. Thus, the influence of different process parameters such as wire feed rate and travel speed on the weld shape and build‐up rate as well as on the material properties will be explained and a parameter window with stable, verified parameter sets will be defined for each material used. Three different filler metals (G 2Si1, G 3Si1, G 4Si1) are tested in terms of their strength and stiffness, with particular attention paid to the joining area between substrate and welded structure. For this purpose, test methods for testing additively manufactured components, especially for shear capacity, have been newly developed. As a proof of concept, an exemplary application is shown and the load‐bearing capacity of this connection is investigated in different configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do we view on archival records? Traditionally, we consult archival materials in reading rooms. This traditional setting has changed fundamentally since archival documents are also displayed on screens. Although there are many similarities between paper and the screen, there is one crucial difference when it comes to digital images of archival documents: digital images are nothing more than computer graphics. This opens up a fascinating world with countless possibilities for image manipulation. In this paper, we will look at some of the disruptive consequences of this technological paradigm shift. To this end, we present various digitization techniques used at the State Archives of North Rhine-Westphalia on an archival collection consisting of early modern records that were severely damaged during World War II (Landesarchiv NRW, Abteilung Rheinland, RW 1001 Reichsstadt Aachen, Akten Nr. 55a 77b). Many of these documents have washed-out texts due to water exposure. By using advanced digitization technologies such as multispectral imaging, we are attempting to restore digitally the writing and make the invisible text visible again. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a competency- and needs-based approach to exam preparation. The influence of test objectives, format and task types on the creation of teaching materials is shown on the basis of the digital TestDaF. For this purpose, learning materials are described that are geared towards the development and training of communicative competencies. The aim is to go beyond pure format training in exam preparation and thus achieve positive washback effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuroendocrine liver metastases (NELM) are very heterogeneous with respect to the clinical presentation and the prognosis. The treatment of NELMs requires a multidisciplinary approach and patients with NELM should be referred to a specialized center. When possible, the resection of NELMs provides the best long-term results. The general selection criteria for liver resection include an acceptable general physical condition for a large liver operation, tumors with a favorable differentiation grade 1 or 2, a lack of extrahepatic lesions, a sufficient residual liver volume and the possibility to resect at least 70% of the metastases. Supplementary treatment, including simultaneous liver ablation, are generally safe and can increase the number of patients who can be considered for surgery. For patients with resectable NELM, the resection of the primary tumor is recommended either in a 2-stage or combined procedure. In selected patients with nonresectable NELM a liver transplantation can be carried out, which can be associated with excellent long-term results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical diagnosis with typical signs of an anterograde and retrograde amnesia. The underlying mechanisms are yet unknown, different hypotheses are being discussed. Ultimately there is a temporary dysfunction of the hippocampi. Consistent with this, transient uni- or bilateral punctiform hyperintense lesions may be found on DWI-MRI sequences, usually without correlation on FLAIR-weighthed MR-images. Symptoms usually resolve within twenty-four hours. There is no need for a specific therapy. A prophylactic therapy, such as antithrombotic treatment, is not indicated. The prognosis is usually good, the risk of a recurrence is about 18%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The backup and long-term archiving of personally relevant documents and files, referred to in the literature as Personal Digital Archiving (PDA), is an increasingly important task for private individuals. The website meinDigitalesArchiv.de, which has been made available by the nestor-AG PDA since 2020, provides practical instructions and further information on how to implement this task and is geared towards different user perspectives. With the information on this website, libraries and other institutions that teach information literacy can and should sensitise and train private individuals to secure their personal digital data. By implementing this task, both public and academic libraries can contribute to securing memory building blocks that are relevant to society as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The successful medical treatment of patients with complex disabilities requires care by multidisciplinary teams in social paediatric centers (German: SPZ) and medical centers for adults with disabilities (German: MZEB). These complement general outpatient medical care, which would be overwhelmed without this support. The quality of this care is crucial for the participation of patients and the prognosis of the disease. At the age of 18, this system requires a transition from the SPZ to the MZEB, which has not yet been satisfactorily regulated. The task and structural prerequisites for this are described. An inadequate or absent transition entails the risk of additional worsening of the course of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a widespread assumption that pedophilia is a sexual preference disorder that almost exclusively affects males. In this article, findings and theories on sex/gender differences regarding the frequency of sexual fantasies and paraphilic interests (especially pedophilia) as well as child sexual abuse are outlined and critically discussed, also with regard to artifacts of research methodology. Subsequently, we present three case studies of non-male participants with sexual fantasies directed at children who attended the prevention network. Two of the participants identify themselves as unambiguously female, one participant classifies himself as a female-to-male transsexual. Based on these examples, similarities and differences of nonmale persons with pedophilic fantasies are elaborated and implications for practical work with female (or, more broadly, non-male) participants are drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In anticipation of the pressure of the rising numbers in COVID-19 cases on the regional health system, an exchange between the actors engaged in handling the pandemic from a medical perspective in the district of Rhein-Neckar/Heidelberg was initiated in October 2020. The outpatient and inpatient sector as well as the public health office of the district and the Department of Family Medicine and Health Services Research of the University Hospital participated. A mutual online meeting was planned to enable bidirectional exchange at the intersection of primary care. The mutually identified topics, like criteria for admission, therapy and nursing homes were verified via an online survey (n = 63 participants, 76 % family physicians). Additional topics that had been suggested were passed on to the intersectional actors and, wherever possible, included in the meeting. On 11 December 2020, 71 physicians attended the meeting. In addition to the presentations, 53 questions were asked and discussed by the presenters via chat. Demand for a follow-up meeting was high. In January, a follow-up event with n = 115 participants focusing on COVID-19 vaccinations war organized, again with an active participation and a high request for a follow-up meeting. So, the experiences encourage to continue this format, involving all the actors relevant for a medical management of the pandemic. This could be a component for fostering a bilateral communication, on the one hand engaging the actors of the primary care sector and on the other hand providing continuing medical education in the dynamic pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the depictions of landscapes and emotions in the ninth-century hagiographies associated with Liudger: the three vitae Liudgeri and Liudger's own vita Gregorii. The Frisian missionary founded the monastery of Werden, situated near the Frankish-Saxon frontier. It will be argued that previous historiography on early medieval frontiers has predominantly focused on the military nature of frontiers. Here, more cultural or symbolic natures of the Frankish-Saxon frontier will be discussed. The hagiographical narratives will be examined in conjunction with the notion of a frontier as a 'third space'. The vitae Liudgeri shaped a discourse that legitimated Liudger's translation to Werden. This resulted in the creation of a new place of Christian worship in the competitive landscape of post-conquest Saxony, as part of the Christianization of the region. Monasteries like Werden were the places where new missionaries were educated who would continue this Christianization. Exemplary emotional behaviour of the saints, narrated in hagiographies, could help instruct this new generation. Altfrid and Liudger tried to dissuade emotions of anger, indicated by ira or furor, with their hagiographical narratives. These two perspectives offer a glimpse into the attempts of a local monastery to stand out in the Frankish-Saxon frontier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In diesen Tagen gibt es auf der Welt nur ein Thema: Coronavirus! 2020 ist dadurch bereits jetzt ein Schicksalsjahr. Corona versetzt ganze Gesellschaften in Zeitlupe, aber kriegerische Auseinandersetzungen werden fortgeführt, Konflikte schwelen weiter und prekäre Friedensprozesse werden durch das Virus mit zusätzlichen Schwierigkeiten konfrontiert. Dreieinhalb Jahre nach dem Abschluss des Friedensvertrags zwischen der kolumbianischen Regierung und der FARC, der größten Guerilla Lateinamerikas, droht der Sturm des Coronavirus das zarte Friedenspflänzchen wegzufegen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students' ratings of teaching quality, which are predictive for their learning outcomes, often vary substantially within classes. Criteria for teaching quality can be categorized by three dimensions: instructional support, classroom organization, and emotional support. Identifying predictors of the diverging ratings of teaching in the same class, theories of information processing can be considered. In this context, the present study examined the variance of students' ratings of teaching quality and analyzed cognitive (prior knowledge, cognitive ability), motivational (school pleasure) and emotional (relationship with teacher), as well as demographic (gender, migrant background, social background) student characteristics as predictors for perceptional variances. The sample consisted of 647 fourth graders (50.8 % female) from 33 classes, who were asked about their perceptions of teaching quality directly after an instructional unit. Students rated three criteria of teaching quality with five items each: cognitive demand of tasks, classroom-disruptions, and motivational support by teacher – thus covering aspects from all dimensions of teaching quality. For the examination of the questions and hypotheses, intraclass correlations and multilevel regression models were used considering the clustering of the data. Results from multilevel regression models showed that there were differences in the ratings of teaching quality, and that individual student characteristics predicted part of the variance. The highest intraclass correlation was found for the criterion classroom-disruptions (ICC 1 =.26), while the correlation for the criteria motivation by the teacher (ICC 1 =.19) and challenging tasks (ICC 1 =.14) were slightly lower. Considering simultaneously all students' characteristics in one model, prior knowledge, cognitive abilities, motivational orientation and social background were predictive for students' ratings of cognitive demand. Students' ratings of classroom disturbances were predicted by social background and students' ratings of motivational support by cognitive abilities and emotional attachment. Gender and migrant background had no significant predictive power for divergent students' ratings of teaching quality. These results are relevant both for instructional research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die Bolivarische Revolution ist krachend gescheitert. Ein Ende der tiefsten Wirtschaftskrise in der Geschichte des Landes ist nicht in Sicht. Die soziale Situation ist katastrophal. Die Regierung klammert sich unter Aufkündigung demokratischer Mindeststandards an die Macht. Die Verfassung verspricht eine partizipative Demokratie, aber praktisch wird Kritik selbst aus den eigenen Reihen mundtot gemacht, Partizipationsrechte indigener Gruppen werden ignoriert. Die notorisch zerstrittene rechte Opposition wird mit geschickten Taschenspielertricks ausmanövriert. Zur blumigen Rhetorik der Bolivarischen Revolution gehört die Huldigung an den Ökosozialismus. Die Praxis ist anders: Angesichts des Einbruches im Erdölsektor sucht die Regierung nach Investoren, um die Rohstoffe des Minenbogens im Süden des Landes auszubeuten. Bedenken bezüglich der sozialökologischen Konsequenzen der Erdölwirtschaft oder des Bergbaus gibt es nicht. Emanzipatorische Ansprüche wurden über Bord geworfen und der Regierungskompass einzig auf Machterhalt kalibriert. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The fossil record forConfuciusornis sanctus is more extensive than that for most other fossil birds. The condition of preservation shows that the specimens died suddenly and were embedded in the sediment (influence of volcanic gases and dust) very quickly. The birds lived socially near freshwater lakes and ponds. They were probably able to swim but might have nested on trees. Their anatomy reveals a stunning mixture of primitive and derived features. This paper focusses mainly on structures affecting the capacity of flight, e.g. the bony sternum with a small keel; the metacarpalia and carpalia forming a proximally fused carpometacarpus; the structure of the joint between the humerus and the forearm indicating a mechanical arrangement synchronizing flexions and extensions at the elbow and wrist joints; the long remiges. The large wings leave no room for doubt thatConfuciusornis could fly; soaring was probably its preferred mode of flight. The three fingers could be moved independently of each other. The mobility of the second (big) finger was apparently restricted. This finger bore the distal primaries, its claw is small. The functions of the first and third fingers are not clear. The third finger has a very short basal phalange and was highly flexible. It probably served as a sort of landing flap when it was stretched out caudally, thus improving the flight properties of the wing, all the more as the alula of the first finger was lacking. The function of the enormous claws on the first and third finger is unknown. The assumption that these claws were climbing devices is implausible. The long remiges would have been quite obstructive in a stem-climbingConfuciusornis. Apart from that, there is no reason why a good flyer should have climbed. The anatomy of the hind limbs agrees with a rather generalized type of avian foot. The configuration of the toes is far from that of typical perching birds. In the light of these findings reconstructions ofConfuciusornis previously published meet the anatomical facts only in part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]