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Copyright of Österreichische Militarische Zeitschrift is the property of Bundesministerium fuer Landesverteidigung, Landesverteidigungsakademie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Österreichische Militarische Zeitschrift is the property of Bundesministerium fuer Landesverteidigung, Landesverteidigungsakademie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article offers information on the Senior Reserve Officer Training Corps (SROTC) program started by the U.S. Army in the 20th century. Various topics discussed include curriculum of the program, its membership, opportunities that training will provide and how it helped soldiers during the First World War.

The article presents information on several famous military training centers in the U.S. It is stated that the U.S. military academy in West Point, New York, is the only leading military training facility in the U.S. The Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in Lexington, Virginia, is the oldest state-supported military academy in the U.S. The Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI) is also a state-sponsored military training facility in Virginia.

The article discusses the activities of military police (MP) in various branches of the U.S. armed forces including the Army, Marine Corps, and Army reserves. The remit of military police in the U.S. occupation of Iraq is examined along with an inventory of equipment used by MPs and redundancy between duties performed by infantry and MPs.

The article discusses the use of U.S. Army Reserves and U.S. Army National Guard units in homeland security, disaster relief, and emergency management operations on U.S. soil. The author particularly highlights the role of the U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM), headquartered at Peterson Air Force Base in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and the U.S. Army North (Fifth Army), based at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas, in this context. Topics covered include the history of citizen militias, the deployment of National Guard units in the wake of Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, and the activities of the Army National Guard during such emergencies as the floods in North Dakota and the wildfires in Texas in 2011.

An article on special forces soldiers operating from within military reserves including the US Army Reserve, US Army National Guard, and US Air Force National Guard is presented. The author examines the deployment of reservist special forces soldiers within the 200 war with Iraq, Desert Storm in 1991, as well as World War II. Information on the special operations forces of the US Marine Corps, US Navy, and their reserve troops is also offered, along with describing the integration of reservists into active-duty units of their respective branches of the armed service.

The article discusses the presence of women in the national guard of the United States of America. Women already served in the American armed forces before the founding of the nation, about 200 years ago, and they held different posts ranging from cannoneers during the American revolution war to four-star generals. However, only less than fifty years ago they started to be incorporated into the American national guard. In 1960, they number of women in the American national guard amounted to only fifty-six women, and only a limited number of positions were available for women in the nineteen sixties. Today, almost all positions are equally available both men and women, as sex discrimination against women in the American army have been abolished.

The article discusses the Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) undertaken by the United States Congress and examines its conclusions insofar as they related to the reserve components of the US armed forces. The author considers the first such review, released in 1997, and mentions that the purpose of the review is to assess the preparedness of the US army to meet new and changing challenges in the global field. Reductions in the size of the armed forces were a major aspect of the review over the past decade, but the 2010 report searches for ways of integrating the reserve units into the army's strategic outlook.

The article presents information about New York State's armed forces. Comparisons are drawn between the military organization of armed forces in New York State and in Austrian states. A description is given of New York's responses to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. It is noted that, although the threat of war on the U.S. is not as imminent as once believed, the risk of an attack on New York citizens remains serious. Reflections are given on armed forces reserve volunteers' balancing of non-military careers with their military duties.

Competing Interests: Die Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.