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Carolin Mehlmann and Thomas Richter from the University of Magdeburg took part in an expedition on the Polarstern to the Arctic Ocean in order to calibrate a new hybrid sea ice model. This model incorporates discrete sea ice floes into continuum mechanical approaches and aims to predict the movement of the floes more accurately. The current visco-plastic material model used in climate models has limitations when it comes to higher resolution and changes caused by climate change. Therefore, a new model is being developed based on alternative rheologies and numerical approximation methods. This model will be implemented on modern hardware, such as graphics cards, as part of the "Scale-Aware Sea Ice Project" (SASIP). The SASIP project uses spherical coordinates on a structured rectangular grid to adapt to land masses and oceans. The momentum equation is discretized in a mixed formulation in the mEVP model. The use of GPUs in the project's real application leads to a speedup of 7-10 times. The hybrid sea ice model combines particle and continuum methods to address different sea ice conditions at different scales. Measurements for the calibration of the hybrid model were conducted during the PS 138 expedition of the research icebreaker Polarstern. The model calibration was performed using ship-based cameras and image recognition algorithms. In the article, the authors describe their investigation into the drift of ice floes in the Arctic Ocean. They installed a camera system on the highest point of the research vessel Polarstern to observe the movement of the floes. The measured data was compared to the Nansen rule, which states that the ice moves at 2-4% of the wind speed and is deflected by 20-40 degrees clockwise. The authors discovered that the deflections in the measured data were significantly larger than expected. They also conducted simulations using the Navier-Stokes equations and found that the surface velocity of the floes can be influenced by neighboring floes. The authors plan to incorporate their findings into an efficient tool for predicting ice drift and to use drones for data collection in the future. [Extracted from the article]

Die COVID-19-Pandemie hat nicht nur zu vielen Todesfällen und körperlichen Erkrankungen geführt, sondern auch erhebliche psychische Belastungen zur Folge gehabt. Im Verlauf der Pandemie stellte sich jedoch interessanterweise heraus, dass die psychischen Probleme in der Bevölkerung sowie auch bei Menschen mit psychischen Vorbelastungen nicht in dem Ausmaß zugenommen haben wie befürchtet wurde. Mit Ausnahme von Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen erwies sich die Bevölkerung als deutlich resilienter als erwartet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, few robust data are available to provide estimates of the environmental footprint and in particular the CO2 emissions of medical devices; however, existing life cycle assessments largely indicate that reusable materials have more favorable emissions and environmental footprints compared to disposable items. Thus, the challenge for every anesthesiology department is to identify items that can be used as reusable products for ecological and other reasons. A prerequisite for the use of reusable items is hygienically correct reprocessing and packaging. Here, a distinction must be made between noncritical, semicritical and critical medical devices, depending on the type of use. In addition, a distinction must be made between categories A–C, depending on the complexity of the reprocessing. In this narrative review article common reusable items used in anesthesiology are categorized and a standardized decision algorithm for reprocessing routes is proposed. Special attention is also given to the packaging of medical devices, which can contribute to the ecological footprint to a relevant extent. This article further explains the framework under which reprocessing can take place and analyzes the current state of knowledge on the life cycle assessment of reprocessing reusable devices. This requires the special commitment of clinically active anesthesiologists to include ecological aspects in the decision to use disposable or reusable items. In the medium term, comprehensible ecological key numbers should be provided on every medical device to make the ecological costs of the articles understandable in addition to the monetary costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Closing the gap on the Havel The Steinhavel barrage, located at the 64.3‐kilometre mark of the upper Havel waterway, is an important part of the waterway between Berlin, Brandenburg and the Müritz lake and, up until recently, was in a desperate state. Berlin's waterway construction authority, Wasserstraßen‐Neubauamt Berlin (WNA), therefore put the replacement construction of the barrage out to tender. Altogether, almost 38 million Euro will be invested in Steinhavel. IPROconsult GmbH and PTW Planungsgemeinschaft Tief‐ und Wasserbau GmbH, members of the Ersatzneubau Staustufe Steinhavel planning consortium rendered the following services on behalf of the WNA: execution planning and preparation of the contracts for the civil engineering structures, traffic facilities, technical equipment and external works, as well as the structural design and planning of the barrage premises. The project has been divided into three construction phases in order to minimise the impact of ongoing construction works on shipping. Phase 1 involved the development of the site. Phase 2 saw the outer harbours fundamentally rebuilt and extended, while taking into account the routine shipping traffic. Phase 3 is currently under way. In terms of actual workload, this last phase is the largest of the three and includes the lock, the weir with fish ladder and the boat lift. With the punctual re‐opening of the lock to traffic at the end of May 2022 after a construction period of only nine months, an important phase of construction is already complete. The intention is to have all hydraulic structures at Steinhavelmühle near Fürstenberg rebuilt by 2025. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few years, the number of alternatively certified teachers has steadily increased. For this reason, the present study aims to compare the professional competence of alternatively certified teachers and traditional certified teachers in the induction phase (Vorbereitungsdienst). The data originates from the COACTIV-R project, in which 770 traditionally certified teachers and 72 alternatively certified teachers were surveyed and tested. Multivariate covariance analyses show that alternatively certified and traditionally certified teachers demonstrate similar content and pedagogical content knowledge, but differ in their pedagogical-psychological knowledge. No differences were found in regard to motivation and beliefs. In addition, findings show significant differences in self-regulation between the two groups. The results will be discussed with regard to current findings regarding teacher training and recruitment of teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digitalization of processes is one of the currently dominating topics and missions in both industrial production and scientific research. In biotechnology, these efforts have enormous potential to optimize existing bioprocesses or to develop new bioprocesses for upcoming challenges. In this review, the state‐of‐art of digitalization in bioprocess engineering is considered, the terms digital twin and digital shadow are characterized, and an outlook on future Lab 4.0 concepts is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change can be understood as an expression of man’s exploitative relationship with nature. Our exploitation of nature is shaped by technology and modern natural science, which strive to make nature available to us for our needs with as little resistance as possible. This making nature available through technology and science seems to have become the basic attitude in almost all areas of life and even in our relationship to ourselves. Thus, in the course of mechanisation, we have largely smoothed out the resistance of life or shifted it to them argins of our mechanised living world. Now, however, in a technicised world decoupled from nature, we lack the experience of resistance that could still wake us up to the reality of nature, life or our existence. Seen in this way, climate change would not only be an external consequence of mechanisation – it is also the form in which the technically smoothed resistance of nature returns on a global-abstract level. Understood as nature’s resistance, the climate crisis could even become an opportunity. The chance to wake up again to the limits and thus also to the reality of nature and to shape our lives more peacefully in relation to nature and its limits. In particular, the meaningfulness of renunciation becomes apparent. Finally, this relational reading of the climate crisis also enables some references to pedagogical issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the death of linguist Wolf-Peter Funk, who is considered one of the most important Coptologists after Hans-Jakob Polotsky. Funk was significantly involved in Nag Hammadi research and developed a unique method for language analysis and typology of Coptic. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, he settled in Quebec and became a leading expert in the field of Coptology there. Funk examined various texts and dialects and published his findings in essays. His work has established him as a leading linguist of the Coptic language. [Extracted from the article]

Kurzfassung: While a broad debate on carceral geographies has been part of human geography and related disciplines in English-speaking academia, there are only scarce publications among German-speaking geographers. This special issue aims at bringing different researchers (Tobias Breuckmann, Julia Emprechtinger, Sarah Klosterkamp, Nadine Marquardt, Marco Nocente, Marina Richter and Anna Schliehe) and their rich and diverse research insights in the carceral field into a dialogue. What started with a session at the 2019 conference of German-speaking geography (Deutscher Kongress für Geographie), developed into a special issue that encompasses papers based on the contributions to the session as well as additional papers that round up the insights into current research in carceral geographies in German-speaking countries. The papers show the importance of applying a carceral geography perspective to research in German-speaking geography to focus on different institutions, places and spaces that share common carceral characteristics. In addition, the focus on German-speaking researchers also adds to the international debate on carceral geographies with specific insights from the national contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the presidential elections in Colombia, the left-wing politician Gustavo Petro has won and will thus become the country's first left-wing president. His strength lay, among other things, in the weakness of the ousted government under President Iván Duque. Petro was able to unite a large and diverse group from the left-progressive spectrum, including the younger generation. Another factor was Vice President Francia Márquez, who stood for diversity and credibility. Petro will face challenges as he needs to forge political alliances, involve the economy and the elite, and engage international partners. It is expected that he will not govern with undemocratic means and that reforms can only be implemented after political negotiations. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the topic of punishment in pedagogy and the taboo that exists in educational discourses and school practices surrounding this topic. Punishment has largely been ignored in pedagogical theory formation in the last 50 years. The article examines the emergence of the punishment taboo and its associated effects. Various positions and research findings on punishment in education are discussed. However, the tabooization of punishment has led to a lack of pedagogical responses to disruptions in school operations. The article suggests engaging with boundaries and boundary-drawing processes in pedagogy instead of reproducing taboos. Further research on this topic is necessary to better understand the phenomenon of the tabooization of discipline in pedagogy. [Extracted from the article]

The article describes the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine and the economic motives behind it. Russia is trying to destroy Ukraine because a economically successful and Europe-oriented Ukraine highlights Russia's own problems. The Kremlin discredits Ukraine as the "Kiev junta" or "fascists/Nazis" and views Ukraine's independence as a Western-orchestrated coup. Russia aims for Eurasian integration, in which Ukraine plays an important role in balancing Moscow's economic power. The integration of Ukraine into an economic union would expand the market for Russian producers and transfer the burden of subsidizing Russian producers onto Ukrainians. The article discusses how Russia's demographic problems and economic difficulties could lead to considering Ukraine as a possible solution. Russia is struggling with problematic demographic trends and relies on migrants from former Soviet republics, who are not accepted by the Russian population. Russia's economic attractiveness as an immigration destination is decreasing, leading to a decline in immigration. The article argues that Putin's actions regarding Ukraine can be seen as a desperate attempt to secure his own socio-economic resources. However, Western sanctions and Ukraine's resistance have led to economic turmoil in Russia. [Extracted from the article]

Spontaneous genital arousal and unwanted orgasms in women are still poorly investigated and may be understood as a multifactorial syndrome. Many female patients suffer from high levels of distress, even suicidality, and often encounter inadequately informed physicians, which further increases distress, as our case report demonstrates. Some causative mechanisms seem to be understood, such as clitoral priapism, in which an increase in pressure in the erectile tissues of the bulbo-clitoral organ causes excitation of the genital corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles, which can lead to unwanted arousal and orgasms. However, there appear to be factors not only in the clitoris, but also in the pelvic floor area, in nerve conduction, as well as central processing. Patients with persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD), for example, show spontaneous, intense, and more extensive activation of the paracentral lobule even in the absence of genital stimulation. Patients with PGAD also have a high comorbidity of mental disorders such as depression and anxiety as well as borderline personality disorders. Stress has been described as a significant cofactor. Holistic psychosomatic treatment is therefore indicated. Historical examples show that the sociocultural acceptance of female sexuality was largely problematic over centuries. This is all the more true for women with spontaneous genital arousal and unwanted orgasms, which led to even higher social rejection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem cases in gynecological practice include patients with complaints in the vulva area – especially if the diagnosis has shown that there is no clear organic cause. These patients offer a physical sympton on which they are fixated on. The mostly chronic existing complaints lead to psychological, sexual, social and almost always to partnership problems. Comprehensive psychosomatic anamnesis includes a wide variety of controversial affects, such as deeply repressed anger, identity and role conflicts, repression and denial of pleasurable sexuality. One finds anxiety disorders, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. In the sense of a somatization disorder, the patients show a physical symptom and are convinced that an organic cause is the basis. The way of dealing with these patients is to „decipher“ this symptom of vulvodynia and to put it into the context of the patient‘s personality and her bio-psycho-social situation. Only gynecological, psychosomatic and sexual medicine diagnostics, beginning as early as possible, ideally with the initial gynecological examination, enables an immediate holistic view of the patient and her suffering. Already during the first gynecological examination, the doctor should make clear to the patient during careful rectovaginal palpation that the significantly increased muscle tone of the pelvic floor muscles is most probably the main cause of the chronic pain. After the gynecological examination, this finding is visually enhanced with image material from the anatomy atlas. In this way, a common disease model, the so-called “Passung” can be established. This is important for the development of the doctor-patient relationship, during which the manifold possible causes for the patient‘s vulvodynia can be derived from her biography, “deciphered” as a somatization disorder and gradually resolved. A high-dose magnesium therapy and a pharmacotherapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) that changes the “pain memory” leads to a significant reduction in pain and changes the frequently encountered – often compulsive – search for a somatic cause of the patient’s pain. A therapeutic manner radiating patience, calmness and optimism can promote this process. In addition, targeted physiotherapy in the pelvic floor-vulva perineal area by specially trained therapists is supportive and helpful. A too rapid psychologization or even referral to the psychotherapist is to be avoided, as this can lead to the termination of the doctor-patient relationship. In the field of sexuality, the involvement of the partner in a couple‘s therapeutic setting with instructions for body exercises – as they are known from vaginismus therapy – allows pain to gradually become pleasure. Surgical intervention should be avoided because it irreversibly destroys anatomical structures that are important for the sexual experience of the woman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characteristic for ornamental production in Germany is the large number of different crops and production systems, as well as the high demands on ornamental value and the transportability of the products by retail markets. To meet these demands at increasing costs, farms are growing, rationalizing, and automating. For many years, plant protection products were an important tool to produce healthy and marketable plants because zero-tolerance for pests applies to the marketing. On the other hand, the trade has for years restricted the range of available crop protection products beyond what is legal. However, classic elements of integrated crop management such as variety selection, hygiene, crop management, or technical innovations, which are described below, are reaching their limits here. Since the introduction of minor uses approvals, the number of control gaps in minor crops has remained at a high and stable level. In protected cultivation, therefore, biological plant protection with beneficial organisms has been introduced and is practiced successfully as long as selective plant protection products are available for emergencies. However, just many of these products do not survive the process of re-registration. How can we support growers? In this review article, we discuss the current situation of ornamentals producing nurseries and the potential of digitized tools for pest monitoring and decision support for crop protection applications, as well as alternative products such as biologicals, basic substances, or biostimulants. Finally, options for action for stakeholders in production, trade, and politics to secure production are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the concept of typicality, an ensemble average can be accurately approximated by an expectation value with respect to a single pure state drawn at random from a high-dimensional Hilbert space. This random-vector approximation, or trace estimator, provides a powerful approach to, e.g. thermodynamic quantities for systems with large Hilbert-space sizes, which usually cannot be treated exactly, analytically or numerically. Here, we discuss the finite-size scaling of the accuracy of such trace estimators from two perspectives. First, we study the full probability distribution of random-vector expectation values and, second, the full temperature dependence of the standard deviation. With the help of numerical examples, we find pronounced Gaussian probability distributions and the expected decrease of the standard deviation with system size, at least above certain system-specific temperatures. Below and in particular for temperatures smaller than the excitation gap, simple rules are not available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The term "coronasomnia" is used in popular science to describe sleep disorders associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. These disorders may also affect part of the population in the aftermath of the pandemic. Early scientific evidence suggests that COVID-19-associated insomnia and insomniac symptoms can become chronic and will continue to preoccupy the sleep medicine community even after the pandemic has ended. Methods: A literature review was conducted in Medline and Google Scholar using the following combination of keywords: "insomnia and COVID-19", "insomnia and long COVID", "insomnia, PTSD and COVID-19", and "fatigue and insomnia in long COVID". In addition, the authors reviewed several recent articles published by members of the European Insomnia Network. Results: Studies on insomnia and COVID-19 show significant associations between acute infection and insomnia in affected individuals. The prevalence of insomnia symptoms in COVID-19-affected individuals was 36 to 88%, which is significantly higher than the estimated 10 to 40% prevalence of insomnia in the general population. Conclusion: Digital therapy as a current treatment option for insomnia can be offered to patients regardless of physical distance. Accordingly, not only early approval of therapy apps, but also person-led, digital therapy options for insomnia would be recommended. The inclusion of personalised and sleep-coaching measures in the area of occupational health management is encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We present a patient who sustained a complete loss of vision in 2010. He has suffered since then from symptoms of recurrent insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness, which repeatedly impaired his ability to work. Diagnostic procedures and treatment have so far been unsuccessful. Objectives: Diagnosis of a possible non-24-hour sleep wake rhythm disorder and effective treatment of this patient with the melatonin agonist tasimelteon are presented. Material and methods: Case report according to the medical file. Results: The symptoms improved under treatment with tasimelteon. Conclusions: Treatment with tasimelteon was successful; the patient was able to return to work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Einleitung: Die Erfassung von negativen Effekten (nE) von Psychotherapie (PT) ist wichtig, um Schwachstellen von PT zu identifizieren und die Behandlungsqualität zu verbessern. Studienziel ist, zu untersuchen, welche nE Patienten nach einer tagesklinischen Behandlung für Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörungen (BPS) mit einem Dialektisch-Behavioralen Therapieschwerpunkt (DBT) beschreiben, welche Einflussfaktoren vorliegen und wie die Klagen inhaltlich zu verstehen sind. Material und Methoden: Katamnestisch wurden BPS-Patienten 22,6 Monate nach Therapieende befragt, an welche nE sie sich mit Bezug zu einer zwölfwöchigen ta-gesklinischen Behandlung erinnern. Messinstrumente wa-ren BDI, BSL-95 und INEP. Ergebnisse: 35 Frauen und 6 Männer antworteten (50% von 82). Im Mittel wurden 11,2 nE benannt, die subjektiv auf die DBT-Behandlung zurückgeführt wurden. 97,6% berichten von Verschlechterung ihres Befindens, 87,8% erinnern sich an Probleme in der therapeutischen Beziehung, 43,9% klagten über Verschlechterungen in der Beziehung, 70,7% über finanzielle Probleme in Folge der tagesklinischen Behandlung und 29,3% über Stigmatisierungserleben. Die Zahl der nE korrelierte mit höherem Alter zum Therapiestart (p < 0,01) sowie höherer Symptomlast anhand der BSL-95 (p < 0,01) bzw. BDI (p < 0,01) zum Befragungszeitpunkt. Diskussion: Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Patienten bei Vorlage des INEP über eine erheb-liche Rate an Negativerfahrungen im Rahmen der tages-klinischen Behandlung klagen. Der lange Rückerinne-rungszeitraum von 3 bis 51 Monaten und die Korrelation mit der aktuellen Symptomatik stellen die Validität der Antwort in Frage. Ergebnisse von Selbstratinginstrumenten zur Nebenwirkungserfassung bedürfen einer sehr sorgfältigen Interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

„Zurück! Russland auf der Weltbühne" war der Titel unseres Februarheftes (Nr. 172). Fünf russische Autorinnen und Autoren diskutierten die Außenbeziehungen ihres Landes. Wir hatten uns dafür entschieden, in diesem Heft nur russische Stimmen zu Wort kommen zu lassen -- denn die haben es hierzulande recht schwer, Gehör zu finden. Das Interesse an dem Thema war außerordentlich. Wir haben uns entschlossen, in den folgenden Heften die Debatte zu diesem Thema zu führen und hoffen, damit zur Versachlichung dieses für Deutschland und Europa wichtigen Verhältnisses beizutragen. Nach Debattenbeiträgen im Aprilheft (Nr. 174) und im Maiheft (Nr. 175) nun zwei weitere Kommentare. rk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical site infections (SSI) are the most frequent cause of impaired perioperative wound healing, lead to increased postoperative morbidity, mortality and length of hospital stay and are therefore a relevant perioperative complication. In addition to numerous measures taken by the surgical departments, there are anesthesiological options that can help to reduce the risk of SSI. In addition to heat, volume and transfusion management these include, for example, the use of antibiotics and the choice of the anesthesia procedure. This article is intended to provide fundamental knowledge on SSI, shows various options for reducing them in the context of anesthesia and evaluates their effectiveness and evidence based on the current state of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vast majority of biologists reject the differentiation of humans into “races”. Occasional reference is made to other vertebrates, such as birds, for which “geographic races” have been described, but the term (geographic) race is not actually used in zoological science anymore and has been fully substituted by the term subspecies. For that reason alone, the use of the term race with exclusive regard to humans is inappropriate. The question then arises of whether there are different subspecies within Homo sapiens. The attribution of the status “subspecies” to a group of populations is entirely arbitrary and subjective. There is no rationale as to the degree of genetic or morphological difference necessary for the assignment of subspecies status. Ontologically, subspecies are constructs which are completely lacking biological reality. In this regard they differ substantially from species, which – depending on the underlying species concept – are natural kinds or even things. At first glance, the continental races proposed by J. F. Blumenbach appear to be the human equivalent to subspecies. However, Blumenbach’s “races” do not display distinct characters but occupy a continuum on which it is impossible to draw clear boundaries. This makes it evident that they are constructs of the human mind and not based on biological reality. The genetic variability of modern humans has been influenced by large-scale migrations which have been taking place since the emergence of the species, not just since the era of colonization and globalization. Modern genome analyses reveal gene flow on a global scale which completely contradicts the notion of distinct human races. There seems to be little benefit in racial classification for medical purposes, either, as while allele frequencies are not distributed equally, they also form gradients rather than distinct patterns, making classification just as arbitrary as classification on the basis of other characters. The future lies in individualized medicine based on patient-specific genotyping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die Krise in Belarus hat erneut die Frage nach dem Zustand der Beziehungen zwischen Russland und dem Westen in den Vordergrund gerückt: Was verstehen beide Seiten unter „ausländischer Einmischung" in die inneren Angelegenheiten von anderen Staaten und wie sollten die Folgen eines solchen Verhaltens aussehen? Ob die Belarussen es wollen oder nicht, die aktuellen Demonstrationen werden höchstwahrscheinlich eine geopolitische Dimension annehmen und ein neues Kapitel des Wettbewerbs zwischen Russland und dem Westen um Osteuropa einläuten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bodily perception is becoming increasingly important to neuropsychological theories. If we are to measure such individual interoceptive processes objectively and validly, we need an appropriate method. This study tests the validity of an evaluation method of motor heartbeat detection tasks, which accounts for valid reactions (hits) and invalid reactions in order to obtain a measure of cardiac sensitivity. This method is based on the signal-detection theory, and its sensitivity index (d´) is intended to map actual cardiac sensitivity independently of the individual response bias. Two questions were central: (1) Is it possible to identify valid reactions in the heartbeat evoked potential (HEP) by means of a P300 component? (2) Is d´ a valid indicator of cardiac sensitivity? The results of the current study support both assumptions. Thus, the (visceroceptive) P300 proves to be an indicator of heartbeat detection, and d´ functions as a parameter for separating good from bad heartbeat detectors – and in doing so it performs even better than a (comparatively good) conventional parameter. The study validates d´ as a measure of cardiac sensitivity and provides new insights into the functional significance of the HEP as a signature of cortical processing of afferent cardiovascular signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs), 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride (1), 1,3-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-imidazolium chloride (2), and 1-butyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazolium bromide (3), has been synthesized and their structural and thermal behavior studied. Organic halides are well-known IL formers with imidazolium halides being the most prominent ones. Functionalization of the imidazolium cation by enhancing its hydrogen bonding capacity, i.e. through introduction of –OH groups or by diminishing it, i.e. through substitution of the ring hydrogen atoms by methyl groups is expected to change the inter-ionic interactions. Consequently, the solid-state structures of 1–3 have been characterized with means of single X-ray diffraction to shed light on preferential inter-ionic interactions for obtaining valuable information on anti-crystal engineering, i.e. designing ion combinations that favor a low melting point and exhibit a low tendency for crystallization. The study reveals that endowing IL forming ions with an enhanced hydrogen bonding capacity leads to a depression in melting points and kinetically hinders crystallization. This study provides hints towards new design concepts for IL design, similar to the common strategy of employing conformationally flexible ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loosely speaking, the concept of quantum typicality refers to the fact that a single pure state can imitate the full statistical ensemble. This fact has given rise to a rather simple but remarkably useful numerical approach to simulate the dynamics of quantum many-body systems, called dynamical quantum typicality (DQT). In this paper, we give a brief overview of selected applications of DQT, where particular emphasis is given to questions on transport and thermalization in low-dimensional lattice systems like chains or ladders of interacting spins or fermions. For these systems, we discuss that DQT provides an efficient means to obtain time-dependent equilibrium correlation functions for comparatively large Hilbert-space dimensions and long time scales, allowing the quantitative extraction of transport coefficients within the framework of, e. g., linear response theory (LRT). Furthermore, it is discussed that DQT can also be used to study the far-from-equilibrium dynamics resulting from sudden quench scenarios, where the initial state is a thermal Gibbs state of the pre-quench Hamiltonian. Eventually, we summarize a few combinations of DQT with other approaches such as numerical linked cluster expansions or projection operator techniques. In this way, we demonstrate the versatility of DQT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reference values/intervals are generally used in medicine as a basis for diagnostic evaluation of patient-related findings. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends a basic set of parameters that must be presented in the report of a polysomnographic examination. These include respiratory events, movement events, cardiac events, arousal events, and sleep scoring data. The present paper refers to reference values for sleep scoring data that characterize sleep architecture. Methodological aspects of the construction of reference intervals (statistical and choice of a reference sample), presentation options (tables and figures), and the scope of application (use of different reference values for data recorded and evaluated according to the Rechtschaffen and Kales and AASM standard) are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Der technologische Wandel in Form von Automatisierung und Digitalisierung hat die Arbeitswelt in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten massiv verändert und viele Industriebereiche sowie Arbeitsplätze verschwinden lassen. Zukünftige Entwicklungen wie die Künstliche Intelligenz werden diese Entwicklung noch dramatischer fortsetzen. Die berufliche Rehabilitation von Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen muss sich mit diesen Tendenzen aktiv auseinandersetzen, will sie nicht riskieren, dass die Klientinnen und Klienten aufgrund ihrer Beeinträchtigungen zu den Verlierern des technologischen Wandels gehören. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multidrug-resistant pathogens often lead to treatment failure of antimicrobial regimens. After a period of imbalance between the occurrence/spread of resistance mechanisms and the development of new substances, some new substances have meanwhile been approved and many more are currently undergoing clinical testing. They are particularly effective against specific resistance mechanisms/pathogens and should be preserved for definitive treatment of an isolated pathogen. In the absence of alternatives reserve antibiotics, such as aztreonam and colistin have experienced a renaissance. They are again used in special infection scenarios and clinically tested in combination with new substances. Despite the introduction and development of new substances the building of resistance will at some time also render these (at least partially) ineffective. Therefore, their implementation must be carried out according to the antibiotic or infectious diseases stewardship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in resistant pathogens has long been a global problem. Complicated life-threatening infections due to multidrug-resistant pathogens (MRD) meanwhile occur regularly in intensive care medicine. An important and also potentially modifiable factor of the rapid spread of resistance is the irrational use of broad spectrum antibiotics in human medicine. In addition to many other resistance mechanisms, beta-lactamases play an important role in Gram-negative pathogens. They are not uncommonly the leading reason of difficult to treat infections and the failure of known routinely used broad spectrum antibiotics, such as cephalosporins, (acylamino)penicillins and carbapenems. Strategies for containment of MRDs primaríly target the rational use of antibiotics. In this respect interdisciplinary treatment teams, e.g. antibiotic stewardship (ABS) and infectious diseases stewardship (IDS) play a major role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Einleitung: Die dialektisch-behaviorale Therapie (DBT) für Patienten mit Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) ist evidenzbasiert. Es gibt jedoch nur eine kleine Anzahl von Studien, die die Frage einer möglichen anhaltenden Wirkung von DBT untersuchen. Über Prädiktoren dieser Nachhaltigkeit ist wenig bekannt. Methode: Am Beispiel eines zertifizierten tagesklinischen Settings wird der posttherapeutische Verlauf untersucht. Mögliche Prädiktoren einer Verschlechterung nach Therapieende sollen erkannt werden. Hierzu wurden Patienten der DBT-Tagesklinik, deren Daten schon in eine prospektive, naturalistische, offene und nicht kontrollierte Vorstudie eingingen, erneut retrospektiv befragt. Somit konnten die Scores der Borderline-Symptomliste 95 (BSL-95) und des Beck-Depressions-Inventars (BDI) zu 3 verschiedenen Zeitpunkten (Z1 = Start, Z2 = Therapieende, Z3 = Katamnesezeitpunkt) verglichen werden. Der Fragebogen zu «Nebenwirkungen stationärer Psychotherapien» (NESTAP) lieferte weitere mögliche Prädiktoren. Ergebnisse: Der Katamnesezeitraum betrug 3-51 Monate. 82 Patienten wurden angeschrieben, es antworteten 41. Anhand des BDI und der BSL-95 (Differenz Z1 zu Z3, p < 0,05) ist eine Symptombesserung in dieser Gruppe auch weit über das Therapieende feststellbar. In einem linearen Regressionsmodell mit einer Effektstärke von 1,04 (Cohen) zeigt eine Subgruppe (25%), gekennzeichnet durch hohe Werte des Prädiktors «Dysphorie» im BSL-95 (Z2 zu Z1) eine geringe anhaltende Wirkung der DBT (Differenz der BSL-95- und BDI-Scores zu Z2 und Z3). Schlussfolgerungen: Es konnten Hinweise für ein tagesklinisches DBT-Programm zur anhaltenden Symptombesserung bis 51 Monate nach Therapieende dargestellt werden. Für 50% der Patienten ist hierfür keine Aussage möglich. Auch gab es keine Kontrollgruppe. Die Veränderung von «Dysphorie» während der Therapiephase scheint diese therapeutische Wirkung über diesen Katamnesezeitraum zu beeinflussen. Weitere Studien sollten folgen, um die Daten zu prüfen oder andere Prädiktoren zu finden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]