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Within the deep work transformations that have taken place in recent decades, the European labour market has been affected by a process of structural precarisation which has created unprecedented forms of precarious work. Among such, unpaid work is an expression of extreme precarity due to the complete separation between work and wage. For several causes, migrant workers are one of the categories most affected by work casualisation and live a condition of double precarity (work and legal), mainly produced by migration policies. At the same time, immigration is involuntary a test bench for new forms of flexible work.This article examines the link between work casualisation and migration through the analysis of a specific form of unpaid work, i.e. the voluntary work by asylum seekers in Italy - institutionalised as a public policy in 2014. Considered as a mechanism of “public atonement” for the guilt of migration through activities of public interest, the article highlights how it constitutes an extreme form of precarisation of a vulnerable category. In merging elements questioning the unconditionality of the right of asylum and acquaintance with permanent precarity, it creates an unprecedented “grey area” of labour exploitation and cultural inferiorisation.

In den letzten Jahrzehnten des 20. Jahrhunderts wird die soziale Organisation auf der Grundlage des planetaren techno-ökonomischen Systems umstrukturiert. In diesem Zusammenhang wird Freiheit mit der unbestimmten Zunahme der Möglichkeiten und der Selbstbestimmung der Individuen gleichgesetzt, nur ausgehend von ihrer auflösenden Seite gemäß der Idee einer absoluten Freiheit. Die Krise, innerhalb derer wir uns bewegen, zeigt die Notwendigkeit von Lösungen auf, die nicht bloß technischer Art sind, sondern in der Lage sind, die verschiedenen Dimensionen des sozialen Lebens zu betrachten und ins Gleichgewicht zu bringen. Die Herausforderung besteht somit darin, zu versuchen, die Freiheit ausgehend von ihrer internen relationalen Matrix zu überdenken. Mit dem Wunsch, einen Beitrag zur immer offenen Debatte über Freiheit zu leisten, und im Nachdenken über dieselbe in Bezug auf ein neues Modell des Zusammenlebens und der sozialen Entwicklung, wird in diesem Artikel vorgeschlagen, die Freiheit von einer Vision, die auf quantitativem Wachstum und Konsum basiert, in eine reifere Perspektive der Organisation des sozialen Lebens zu bringen, in der die ‚generative‘ Freiheit eine relationale anthropologische Vision widerspiegelt., The last decades of the 20th century saw a re-organisation of social structures based on the global techno-economic system. In this context, freedom becomes equal to the indefinite increase in possibilities and the self-determination of the individual, a one-sided decoupling in line with the idea of an absolute freedom. The current crisis we find ourselves in demonstrates the necessity for solutions, not only of a technological nature, but that are able to take into account the different aspects of social life and create a balance. Thus, the challenge is to attempt to rethink freedom from its internal relational matrix. This article aims to offer a contribution to the ongoing debate on freedom and explores freedom in the context of a new model for human coexistence and social development. It suggests shifting the vision of freedom based on quantitative growth and consumption to a more advanced perspective of social organisation, in which “generative” freedom reflects a relational anthropological vision., Freiheit als Beziehungserfahrung; generative Freiheit; Individualisierung und Objektivierung; technische Gesellschaft, Limina, 2(2), 180-213

The ecological and social problems of our time cannot be solved without a fundamental revision of our consumption style. State institutions struggle to address these problems with effective political means. By establishing collectives dedicated to the sustainable consumption of groceries, citizens make attempts to close this gap locally. Recently, projects have emerged across Italy that make explicit reference to practices of new social movements and publicly and politically challenge and alternate everyday consumption habits. This contribution is based on a discussion of findings from an online survey with members of such local shopping communities in Lombardy.