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Copyright of Gynäkologische Endokrinologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pädiatrie & Pädologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anaesthesiologie & Intensivmedizin is the property of DGAI e.V. - Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Anasthesiologie und Intensivmedizin e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Playing computer games before bedtime is a common behavior, especially among adolescents. Excessive computer game use can be associated with somatic complaints, attention deficits, and family interaction problems. However, there is little knowledge about the effects of computer games on subsequent sleep. Objectives: The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of playing a computer game in the evening on the alertness and sleep of adolescents. Materials and methods: Twenty-five healthy adolescents (mean age 15 years, f = 20, m = 5) from one school class were included in this pilot study. In a randomized crossover design on two consecutive days, either a jump-and-run computer game or reading a youth magazine was performed for 2 h in the evening. Before and after each intervention, mood (ASTS) and drowsiness (KSS) were assessed by questionnaires and parameters of tonic alertness were measured by the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT). Subsequently, sleep was measured by polysomnography (PSG). Results: Two hours of computer gaming in the evening resulted in reduced alertness levels immediately thereafter: the PVT parameter response time (RT) increased from 272.0 ± 30.5 ms to 305.2 ± 41.3 ms (p < 0.01) while it remained unchanged under the reading condition the other evening. In comparison to reading, using computer games in the evening led to an increased amount of light sleep (N1 + N2: 48.9 ± 9.1%-TST vs. 44.6 ± 9.8%-TST, p < 0.05) and a reduced amount of deep sleep (N3: 36.0 ± 10.0%-TST vs. 39.5 ± 9.0%-TST, p < 0.05) the following night. Sleep latency and sleep efficiency did not differ between the two conditions. Conclusions: In the group of healthy adolescents examined in this pilot study, using computer games in the evening had immediate negative consequences on alertness and on sleep architecture the subsequent night. Together with frequently insufficient sleeping time on school days in adolescents, these findings cumulatively could have relevance for physiological development. Subsequent trials in different groups of adolescents with a sufficient number of subjects are needed in order to further verify these findings and possibly, to adapt sleep-hygiene behavioral recommendations for these age groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG), which is known as Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG), has been used as a reproductive biologic for more than 50 years, both nationally and internationally, in livestock farming, especially in sow management and veterinary medicine widely used. The eCG macromolecule is bivalent. It combines two endocrine effects, the effects of FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone). The use of eCG preparations provides advantages for performance-oriented herd management, animal hygiene and economic efficiency within the scope of group farrowing in the piglet production plants. Nevertheless, questions of acceptance of hormone use in sows are increasing. This justifies further efforts to develop alternative solutions for cycle stimulation in sows without eCG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The dissemination of smartphones among adolescents and young adults is increasing. They are not only used during the day, but also in the evening and at night. Objectives: The goal of the present study is to perform an exploratory survey on adolescents and young adults regarding their use of smartphones in the bedroom. It was hypothesized that the use of smartphones shortens or interrupts sleep and correlates with increased daytime sleepiness and poorer sleep quality. Method: Using an online questionnaire, 148 adolescents and young adults between 14 and 20 years of age were asked about their use of smartphones in the evening and at night, their subjective sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness. Results: The results indicated a high use of smartphones in the last ten minutes before the adolescents and young adults went to bed, keeping the mobile device at or in the bed. Furthermore, an association was found between adolescents being intentionally or unintentionally woken up by smartphone notifications and the subjectively reported daytime sleepiness. Conclusions: The frequent use and handling of the smartphone, as well as the association with daytime sleepiness, indicates a need for education on responsible media contact. Further research is needed on the user profile and the consequences on performance and concentration abilities of adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While Emil Kraepelin's comprehensive psychiatric oeuvre has attracted researchers' attention, his studies on sleep disorders and their treatment as well as on the interconnections between sleep and mental disorders so far seem to have been neglected. This article identifies and analyzes Kraepelin's sporadic contributions on the pathology of sleep, the comorbidities and treatment made between 1883 and 1924 in textbooks and isolated papers as well as in a presentation that was also published and compares them with current opinions in sleep research. Kraepelin never published a dedicated work on sleep, apart from a summary of the different narcotics; however, his occasional statements reveal astonishing insights and in particular his clear etiologically oriented classification of sleep disorders is captivating. Similar to the current classification, Kraepelin conceptualized sleep disorders as symptoms or rather a complex of symptoms and also identified associated diseases which once again are very near to current opinion. Apart from this his recommendations on sleep hygiene and, in a second step, pharmacological treatment of pathological sleep patterns are still clinically relevant. As early as the end of the nineteenth century Kraepelin laid down an algorithm of treatment which is very similar to the current clinical guidelines. At Kraepelin's time it seemed impossible to reach an agreement on classification and treatment issues of sleep disturbances and even though there has been an ongoing discussion until the present day, an agreement at least about guidelines could be reached. Against this background Kraepelin's contributions can still be regarded as a proposal for best practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insomnia is the most frequent type of sleeping disorder and - following pain - the second most common symptom reported in the general practitioner's office. The prevalence of insomnia increases with age. Untreated, insomnia is regarded as risk factor for other comorbid somatic and mental disorders. Therefore, it is important to make a thorough diagnostic and differential diagnostic assessment. Particularly interventions aiming at improving sleep hygiene and therapy using sleep restriction can help alleviate insomnia. Pharmacologically, herbal drugs and antidepressants with sleep inducing effects can be used, for short-term treatment also benzodiazepine/gaba-ergic agonists.