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Christian apologetics is traceable back to Peter’s call in 1Peter 3:15–16. To all faithful, he requested that they be prepared to respond in a Christian manner when another questioned or challenged the faith. This developed in the first century and beyond, until the new approach of Justin Martyr in the third quarter of the second century. Justin, following the apologia on Aristides’ addressing of non-faithful as well as his legal and philosophical background, focused narrowly on a far more intellectual approach and content. This was within the far wider sphere of the general Petrine apologetics. However, with the exception of Irenaeus in the 180s, subsequent apologetics followed Justin’s specific apologetics approach, with it becoming narrow in focus, intellectual thus elite, increasingly clerical, and not for ordinary faithful. It was this apologetics that developed over the centuries until the Second Vatican Council ressourcement calls to return to original Petrine apologetics for all the faithful.

A key part of the United Kingdom’s counter-terrorism framework, the Prevent Strategy is designed to operate ‘upstream’ to stop people becoming or supporting terrorists. In February 2023 the long-awaited independent review of Prevent reported, evaluating the Strategy against its core objectives. Led by Sir William Shawcross, the report claimed that Prevent’s overarching rationale remains good because the UK continues to face a genuine terrorist threat, but lamented its diversion toward safeguarding and its downplaying of Islamist extremism as the purportedly most pressing source of radicalisation within the UK today. To declare the reception to Shawcross’ report mixed would be generous, with some observers even demanding that the Government withdraw the review. We share many concerns raised by civil society groups and practitioners, and in this piece argue that the Review is fundamentally flawed because of its partial – in the sense of both limited and biased – engagement with the relevant (and extensive) knowledge base that exists around radicalisation, counter radicalisation, and Prevent. More specifically – and with particular attention to the report’s emphasis on ‘ideology’ – we show: (i) that the report suffers from a selective, and problematic, engagement with relevant academic research that poorly represents established knowledge in this area; (ii) that this selective engagement leads to a questionable, and highly contestable, conceptual framing of the report’s core terms and parameters; and, (iii) that this contestable framing has implications for operationalisation of the report’s findings. In doing this, the article makes three core contributions in: (i) situating the Shawcross review in relevant historical and policy contexts; (ii) offering original analytical critique of the review’s methodological and political assumptions and findings; and, (iii) extending research on the mechanisms of counter-terrorism review via this new – and underexplored – case study.

This text presents three commentaries on Karoline Reinhardt's monograph Migration und Weltbürgerrecht (Freiburg 2019). In particular, the commentaries address questions of land ownership, the criterion of "destruction" and the justification of world citizenship. Dieser Text stellt drei Kommentare zu Karoline Reinhardts Monographie Migration und Weltbürgerrecht (Freiburg 2019) vor. Die Kommentare greifen insbesondere Fragen zum Landeigentum, dem Kriterium des „Untergangs“ und der Begründung des Weltbürgerrechts auf.

In the UK, Campylobacter spp. and Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV), an Old World arenavirus, cause two zoonoses of concern that may be transmissible from rodents to humans and livestock. The aims of this preliminary investigation were to examine the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. and LCMV in Norway rats Rattus norvegicus on UK farms and to identify and characterise the Sequence Types of the Campylobacter isolates. Samples were collected from wild Norway rats and fresh Norway rat faeces. Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) was performed on C. spp. isolates and samples were tested for arenavirus RNA by RT-PCR. Six C. spp. isolates were identified. One isolate was C. lari and five isolates were C. jejuni. Following MSLT profiling, three unique C. jejuni sequence types were identified. Two of which are novel and the third is typically associated with livestock and human infection. Nine positive results for LCMV were obtained giving an overall prevalence of 25% across four sites. This is higher than previously reported for this species.

Natasha Merkulova and Aleksey Chupov's Captain Volkonogov Escaped offers a gripping portrayal of life in Stalin's Soviet Union. This article discusses the film's evocation of an oppressive social structure and its pertinence as a stimulus and means to comprehending and critically appraising authoritarianism in contemporary times. The film pays close attention to micro-level dynamics of intimidation, fear and division, as well as their potential counters of empathy and resistance. It is this kind of social realism, eschewing the superficiality of conventional period ‘costume’ drama, that facilitates speaking truth to power. As such, it illustrates the potential of cinema, as one powerful form of cultural expression, to harness the historical imagination and illuminate the parallels between past and present calamities. It also suggests that resistance of violence and oppression depends on cultural engagement, and hence boycotts are counterproductive. These impede the capacity to build solidarity among the oppressed, both within and outside Russia. Forms of expression like film provide the means of mutual understanding on which such solidarity depends.

Information on nurse educator education is scarce. The present study thus aims to provide an overview of the requirements for and standards of nurse educator education in six European countries in order to enable further reflection and promote discourse on the topic. Methods: A descriptive international cross-sectional comparative study was conducted across six European countries. Data were collected via an online questionnaire completed by experts in nurse educator education or in organisations with specialist knowledge about nurse educator preparation (n = 11). The data were analysed, compared, and condensed.

Zusammenfassung: Es gibt keinen Konsens über die Beschreibung und Schweregradeinteilung allergischer Nebenwirkungen bei Immuntherapien, obwohl zumindest hinsichtlich der Verwendung der Klassifikationssysteme der World Allergy Organisation (WAO) zur Beschreibung lokaler unerwünschter Ereignisse bei sublingualer Immuntherapie (SLIT) und systemischer allergischer Reaktionen (SAR) bei subkutaner Immuntherapie (SCIT) ein Konsens zwischen den wichtigsten nationalen/regionalen Allergiegesellschaften zu bestehen scheint. In diesem Artikel wird eine Modifikation des bestehenden WAO-Klassifikationssystems für SAR vorgeschlagen, die mit der neu vorgeschlagenen Klassifikationsskala des Consortium for Food Allergy Research (CoFAR) für systemische allergische Reaktionen bei Lebensmittelallergien (Version 3.0) übereinstimmt. Wir hoffen, dass damit ein einheitliches Klassifikationssystem zur Verfügung steht, das für Berichte über unerwünschte Reaktionen auf eine Allergen-Immuntherapie unabhängig vom Allergen und Verabreichungsweg sowohl in der klinischen Praxis als auch in der Forschung geeignet ist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article provides a conceptual introduction to the notion of Framing and functions as an introduction. n Framing the Sign, Jonathan Culler privileges the term frame over context (ix). Culler states that framing a work of literature implies literary analysis whereby the agency of the critic determines the meaning of that work, whereas context is something that is already given. While frame invites the interpretations of complexities separate from the surrounding space in which the work of literature exists, context directs us “to slip back into the model it proposes’; it thus simplifies analysis because it presumes that some of the meaning in the work of art is already known.

Photographs and classifications of Aksumite pottery, which is said to have originally come from Medebai. ATTENTION: Due to copy-right no online publication is provided.

Small cyano anions, and their derivatives, have proved to be remarkably versatile building blocks for coordination polymers. They have led to magnetically ordered materials, structures with new entangled motifs or novel topologies, and a significant structural diversity, including polymorphism, induced by subtle changes in anion, cation, co-ligands, preparative conditions, or even desolvation.

Review ATTENTION: Due to copy-right no online publication is provided.