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Due to some necessary facts, joint classrooms are established within our educational system which take place an ipmortant role. There are number of students in the country who stilt attend to those types of classrooms, hence it is a reality which needs to be considered. In this vein, the aim of this study is to examine applicability of constructivist learning approach in joint classrooms thgrough the views of primary school teachers. In the study descriptive method within the qualitative research approach was adopted. The study was carried out in 2010-2011 academic year in central and provincial Trabzon and 76 teachers who work in joint classrooms were participated in the study. The questionnaire which was developed in parallel with the aim of the study was applied to 76 primary school teachers. In addition, a semi-structured interview form was developed and face to face interviewed carried out with 20 primary joint class teachers in order to validate data. Results of the study illustrate that there are meaningful differences in teachers’ application of constructivist approach in their teaching practices, assessment and evaluation processes on the basis of some variables such as class size and the grade they teach. In addition, it was found out that teachers think that constructivist approach is necessary to be practiced in joint classrooms, however, they maintain that they under utilise newly developed constructivist curriculum and they face various difficulties and problems in application of constructivist approach in joint classrooms. At the end of the study, on the basis of teachers’views, some recommendations were made in order to overcome those problems.

Consumer perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and its effect on service provider preference are investigated by joint-space maps in this paper. Four sub-dimensions (economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic) of CSR were examined with this regard. The data is collected from 120 university students recruited by convenience sampling method via face-to-face interview. According to the results of the survey which has examined the perception of CSR practices of GSM service providers (Turkcell, Avea and Vodafone) in Turkey, Turkcell is perceived as the most successful company in the implementation of CSR and Avea is coming next. Customers of Avea and Vodafone perceive Turkcell as the most successful company regarding CSR, but they prefer the company which they have already chosen. There is no evidence to determine about an accurate relationship between the choices of customers and their perceptions of CSR based on the joint-space maps. In addition, consumers perceive legal and ethical dimensions similar, but only Turkcell and Vodafone customers perceive economic and philanthropic dimensions very close to each other. Economic dimension is perceived relatively distant from philanthropic dimension by Avea customers than other service providers’ customers. The method used in this study provide an effective visual tool to practitioners let them to see the perceptions of consumers about CSR activities of their company. Furthermore, practitioners will be able to understand the relationship between the perception of sub-dimensions of CSR and customer preferences. They will be able to evaluate the competitors’ positions and compare all actors with each other.

This study investigates views of student teachers about their group works and presentations during their undergraduate studies. The identification of prospective student teachers is very important in terms of better education for future generations. From this point, the aim of the research is focused on the views of student teachers. The study was designed within the qualitative research approach and descriptive survey method was utilized. Data was collected from 171 student teachers who attend to primary and social science teacher education programs at Karadeniz Technical University in 2014-2015 academic year. A questionnaire prepared by the researchers and consisted of open ended questions was used as data collection instrument. Obtained data were analyzed by employing content analysis procedures. Findings of the study indicate that student teachers’ possess negative perceptions about group works and presentations done by themselves during their education. Despite student teachers find group works in the class beneficial in general however they express that feed-back given by lecturers/academicians after group presentations is very limited and meaningless. Factors such asexam preparations, teaching practices in schools, overcrowded classrooms at the faculty and no attention given to others’ presentations by groups except for their own work diminish the productivity and utility of group work and presentations. At the end of the study it is suggested that lecturers should explain the aims and objectives of group works to students clearly and they should provide students with constructive and satisfying feed-back right after the group work and presentations.

In our study about the Kurdish question, one of the long lasting issues of Turkey, firstly the historical background is given, so the reasons behind it were tried to be pointed out. In our study, the development of the official approach is examined. The denial of Kurdish identity is given, following this looking at the issues as a religious backwardness is examined. Afterwards, the official approach of rebellion of tribes and rebels is covered. Then, the approaches of the issues as intervention of outsiders or foreign states and Kurds being as enemy are being examined. Finally, the approach of seeing issue as an economic problem is covered in our study. On the second part of our study, within the existing solution proposals, Turkish and Kurdish nationalist approaches, Islamic approach as well as other political parties and actors are examined. Moreover, the European Parliament, which is always an important actor of the issue, and its approach is examined through its regular reports regarding the issue. So that an outside approach is also tried to be covered within our study. Our study ends with a general review and the clues of why and how this issue in any case should be solved.

Since aggressive behaviour may arise with prevention and hopelessness is a notion related with it, hopelessness is thought to be related to aggression. The purpose of the study, to determine primary school-age children which 10-11 years of aggression and hopelessness levels, and to determine the relationship between aggression and hopelessness. The data have been collected through 179 children, 73 of whom are girls and 106 of whom are boys, going to 10 schools from Nilüfer, Osmangazi ve Yıldırım district in Bursa. To determine students' aggressiveness and hopelessness scores have been used Aggressiveness Scale and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. T-test and correlation analysis was used for data analysis. As a result, it has determined that boy's aggression, hopelessness of loss of motivation and general hopelessness scores to be higher than girls; aggression between gender, hopelessness of feelings about the future, hopelessness of loss of motivation and general hopelessness were positively and significantly correlated. It was no significant relationship aggressiveness between hopelessness of expectations about the future. It has determined that hopelessness of loss of motivation between hopelessness of expectations about the future, general hopelessness and gender were significantly correlated. It was significant relationship between expectations about the future and general hopelessness; it was no significant between expectations about the future and gender. It is seen that it was significant between hopelessness and gender. School guidance services conducting periodical activities about aggression and hopelessness and bringing problem solving skills in children also help them solve their problems without resorting to violence getting desperate.

The purpose of this research is to investigate primary teachers’ views about education of students with specific learning disabilities. The study designed within the framework of qualitative research approach and case study method was utilized. Semi-structured interviews were used as data collection technique. A semi-structured interview form was prepared after presented to two specialist academicians in the field for its validity. A pilot study on two teachers was also carried out in order to finalize the questions. Convenience sampling which is one of the purposive sampling is used and 10 primary teachers are selected to participate in the research. Data was collected spring semester of 2014-2015 academic year in Trabzon city. Interviews were recorded and then transcribed and findings are presented in tables where appropriate. Descriptive analysis and interpretive analysis techniques were employed for data analysis. In the process data analysis, constant comparative analysis method also is used. Results of the study indicate that, participant teachers’ knowledge level about specific learning difficulties is low, collaboration level between teachers and parents is weak and teachers are not very effective for finding solutions to overcome problems in the classroom about students with specific learning difficulties. In consideration of the results, some suggestions are made for teachers to minimize problems of children with specific learning difficulties.

Inflation which is one of the most important issues of the economic policy up to present has always been a striking subject in economics literature. Inflation which is a instability indicator for the economical process, has several both economic and social problems like decreasing of production, increasing of budget deficit, low level of welfare, troubled income distribution etc. Budget deficit and government expenditures which are parallel to raising share of government as part of the concept of welfare state in economy stand out between monetary and fiscal reasons of inflation. Government expenditures in modern sense are expenditures that satisfy social needs, regulate the social and economic life according to some certain rules. On one hand those expenditures happen in a country, on the other hand there are some policies to fix the inflation in a certain level. The main aim of this study is explicating the effects of government expenditures on inflation in terms of types of expenditures. In this study, Johansen co-integration and Granger causality analysis are applied by using the monthly data, 2006:01-2012:12. As a result, determined that there is a short-run, unidirectional Granger causality from personnel, transfer, good and services expenditures and interest payments to inflation. Correspondingly, there is no granger causality from government capital expenditures to inflation. The causality with government expenditure and inflation is significant statistically in the model which in TÜFE series is dependent in long run.

The aim of this research is to determine the empathic skill levels of 10-11 year old children by their genders and domestic factors. The data have been collected through 3199 children, 1587 of whom are girls and 1612 of whom are boys, going to 10 schools from different socioecnonomical levels in Bursa. Empathy Scale for Children, which was developed by Byrant (1982) and adapted to Turkish by Yılmaz-Yüksel (2003) and the Information Form that has been prepared by the researchers have been used as the data gathering tools to measure the empathy skills of children. Correlation Analysis, One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and t-Test have been used for analysing and interpreting the acquired data. And Tukey's HSD Test has been used in order to find the source of the difference. Significance levels of 0,01 and 0,05 have been sought during the analysis and interpretation processes. It has been determined that girls have more emphatic skills than boys; emphatic skill levels of children don't differ by the socioeconomic levels and marital statuses of their families; they don’t have any relation with the ages of parents, children number of the family and the rank of the child; and children from families formed of only parents and children, have higher empathic skill levels than other children. Also, it has been determined empathy skill levels of children described as naughty were less likely than other children; children from family which observed aggressive behavior have less empathic skill levels than other children.

Upper shell harden by cooling down during flowing in topograph lava that rised on the Earth with various reasons from the depths of the Earth and interior section that cool down later continue its flowing. İt be called “Lava tube (tunnel)” spaces cylindrical that leave behind hot lavas that continue flowing under the upper shell. Ice caves occur in the caves that be chimney-shaped by freezing water that infiltrate on the caves ceiling and walls depending on the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor in the fields that winter is cold. Karahasan Lava tunnel is situated in Karahasan village. Karahasan village is situated in Malazgirt (Muş) town, in part of Up Murat-Van of Region of Eastern Anatolia of Turkey. There is no a research made in the literature about Karahasan lav tunnel. In this context, Purpose of the study is to research geographic factors that cause ice formation in the Karahasan lava tunnel. In accordance with this purpose, Materials of study are geological and topographic maps at various scales, meteorological data, literature data, 30 m resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and field studies. These provided maps were analysised in GIS environment and were got physical, geological, temperature and precipitation maps of the study area. Data that were got in office work were synthesized with fieldwork data. In the event, basic factors that cause ice formation are geographical location conditions of Karahasan lava tunnel and its immediate surroundings, annual temperature differences, topographic and orographic characteristics with the unique geometrical properties of the lava tunnel.

Diese Arbeit wurde mit dem Zieldurchgeführt, den Zusammenhang zwischen der Gewalt unter Gleichaltrigen und demGrad an Selbstwertgefühl zu erforschen. Die Studie fand im Zeitraum zwischen dem 24. April und 11. Mai 2018 aneiner Mittelschule im Stadtteil Kuştepe, Kreis Şişli, mit 112 freiwilligenSchülern statt. Im Rahmen der Studie wurden der Fragebogen „Gewalt unter Gleichaltrigen, Fragebogen zurSelbsteinschätzung“ und die „Selbstwertgefühl-Skalanach Coopersmith, Kurzformblatt“ angewandt. Die Analyse der Daten erfolgteunter Zuhilfenahme des Statistikprogramms SPSS 20. Bei der Auswertung der Datenwurde auf die Verwendung von Häufigkeitstabelle, Chi-Quadrat-Test sowie One WayAnova-Test zurück gegriffen. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung wiesen eine statistischsignifikante Dispariät zwischen Gewalt unter Gleichaltrigen und Selbstwertgefühlauf. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Gruppe mit dem höchsten Wert beimSelbstwertgefühl der Gruppe entsprach, die in keiner Weise in Gewalt unterGleichaltrigen involviert war. Eine deutliche Abweichung im Vergleich zwischender Gewalt unter Gleichaltrigen und dem Geschlecht sowie dem Leistungsniveaukonnte nicht festgestellt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen einmal mehr die Wichtigkeitund Notwendigkeit schulischer Angebote, die sich bei Gewaltprävention und Steigerungdes Selbstwertgefühls und Leistungsniveaus die Berücksichtigung des Einzelnenin seinem Umfeld zur Aufgabe machen.

Das archäologische Institut der Akdeniz Universität von Antalya führt erst seit 1989 Grabungen in der westlykischen Stadt Patara durch. Der Schwerpunkt der bisherigen Ausgrabungen war das Areal des Hügels Tepecik, die unterirdischen Kammergräber, das Bouleuterion, die Hafenthermen, etc. Aus den genannten antiken Plätzen kam viele Keramik an den Tag, die sich von 3. Jht. v. Chr. bis ins Mittelalter datieren lassen. Der größte Teil dieser Keramik wird im Depot des Grabungshauses aufbewahrt, wäh...

eingereicht von Orkan Taner Quellenverzeichnis: Blatt 57-61 Abstract in deutscher und englischer Sprache Paris Lodron Universität Salzburg, Diplomarbeit, 2018 (VLID)5015275

As the most isolated sea in the world, the Black Sea is under great threats stemming from human activities in the region and it is clear that the effects of great deal of polluters from lots of sources on the Black Sea environment could be devastating if they are not managed properly. Considering the fact that international collaboration is crucial to save the Black Sea, SAIs of coastal countries carried out a coordinated parallel audit to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation results of the Bucharest Convention. Comprehensive evaluations and recommendations in both the Joint Report and more detailed national audit reports provide a strong basis for implementing the necessary strategy and policies effectively and enhancing these efforts. Taking notice of these reports, responsible actors at each level of environmental governance should take appropriate steps to protect and rehabilitate the Black Sea before its being too late.

The dissertation deals with the conception of a design method for modeling mobile interaction devices with special focus upon intelligent production environments. Main result of the thesis represents a method which identifies and describes the necessary model-based tasks for designing mobile interaction devices (mobile input devices, output devices and communication devices). The method consists of a context model-based modeling tool for configuring work situations in intelligent production environments. The modeling tool enables the generation of design recommendations for product developers in the early phases of product development for creating mobile interaction devices.

vorgelegt von: Taner Önal Graz, Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 2011

Für die Berechnung der Standsicherheit von Konstruktionen mit Geokunststoffen ist die Ermittlung des "Interaktionsverhaltens" in den Schichtgrenzen zwischen Geokunststoffen und Lockergesteinen unerlässlich. Das Verbundverhalten in der Grenzfläche ist sehr komplex. Es ist von einer Vielzahl von Faktoren abhängig, die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit experimentell, analytisch und numerisch untersucht werden. Als Ausgangspunkt für die experimentellen Untersuchungen wird vom Verfasser ein multifunktionales Geosynthetik-Boden-Interaktionsprüfgerät entwickelt und gebaut, mit dem alle zur Standsicherheit eines geokunststoffbewehrten Erdkörpers benötigten Verbundparameter ermittelt werden können. Aus den erarbeiteten Ergebnissen resultiert die Empfehlung einer Gerätekonfiguration zur Bestimmung der Verbundparameter unter mechanisch klar definierten Randbedingungen, und die Grundlagen für die zukünftige Nutzung geringtragfähiger bindiger Lockergesteine als vollwertige Füllböden in geokunststoffbewehrten Konstruktionen werden gelegt.

Megalourethra due to urethral coitus is a very rare phenomenon in women. Anatomy, pathology and clinic are discussed.

Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Moleküler Biyoloji ve Genetik Ana Bilim Dalı, Asteraceae familyası 1900'den fazla cins ve 32000'den fazla tür ile bitkiler aleminin en zengin familyalarından biridir. Türkiye'de 447 endemik tür bulundurmaktadır. Cirsium Mill. cinsi de Asteraceae familyasının en büyük cinslerinden birisidir. Cirsium cinsinin türleşme yeteneneği fazladır ve cins içinde çok sayıda hibritleşme olayı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, C. kosmelii (Adams) Fisch ex Hohen ve C. leucocephalum subsp. penicillatum (K.Koch) Greuter ve C. leuconeurum Boiss. & Hausskn. ataları ve C. leucocephalum subsp. leucocephalum (Wild.) Spreng. ataları ile verildiği sırayla bu ataların arasında oluştuğu düşünülen muhtemel hibrit bireylere ait ITS, ETS, matK, rpl32 ve trnL bölgeleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Toplam hacmi 50 mikrolitre olacak şekilde hazırlanan PZR tüplerinin PZR işlemleri uygulandıktan sonra 0,8 g 100 ml 0,5X TBE tamponu ile hazırlanan jelde yürütülmüştür. Çoğaltılmış olan DNA çözeltileri hizmet alımı yoluyla Genoks firması tarafından DNA'lar dizilenmiştir ve filogenetik analize uygun hale getirilmiştir. PAUP* programı ile filogenetik ağaçlar elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen DNA dizilerinden oluşturulan filogenetik ağaçlara gore C. kosmelii × C. leucocephalum subsp. penicillatum hibriti kendisini oluşturan iki ataya da eşit yakınlık gösterirken, C. leuconeurum × C. leucocephalum subsp. leucocephalum hibriti ise C. leucocephalum atasına daha çok yakınlık göstermiştir. Ayrıca, elde edilen DNA dizilerine göre, çekirdek genomuna ait olan ITS ve ETS bölgeleri polimorfik bölgeler açısından daha bilgi verici olarak gözlenmiştir. Diğer yandan morfolojik olarak değerlendirildiğinde de hibrit bireylerin ataları ile arasında bazı geçiş karakterlerine sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, morfolojik ve moleküler veriler beraber değerlendirildiğinde çalışılan hibrit bireylerin atalarına benzer karakterlere sahip olmakla beraber ataları ile karaşılaştırıldıklarında bazı ara karakterlere sahip olduğu bilgisine ulaşılmıştır., The Asteraceae family is one of the richest families in the plant kingdom, with more than 1900 genera and 32000 species. There are 447 endemic species in Turkey. Cirsium Mill. is one of the largest genera of the Asteraceae family. The speciation ability of the genus Cirsium is high and there are many hybridization phenomenons within the genus. In this study, ITS, ETS, matK, rpl32 and trnL regions of probable hybrid individuals thought to have formed between C. kosmelii (Adams) Fisch ex Hohen and C. leucocephalum subsp. penicillatum (K.Koch) Greuter and C. leuconeurum Boiss. & Hausskn. and C. leucocephalum subsp. leucocephalum (Wild.) Spreng. in the order given respectively were compared. After PCR processes of PCR tubes, which were prepared with a total volume of 50 microliters, were carried out in a gel prepared with 0.8 g 100 mL 0.5X TBE buffer. The amplified DNA solutions were sequenced by Genoks company through service procurement and made suitable for phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic trees were obtained with the PAUP* program. According to the phylogenetic trees formed from the obtained DNA sequences, C. kosmelii × C. leucocephalum subsp. penicillatum hybrid individuals showed equal resemblance to its two ancestors, while C. leuconeurum × C. leucocephalum subsp. leucocephalum hybrid showed more similarities with C. leucocephalum ancestral taxon. In addition, ITS and ETS regions belonging to the nuclear genome were observed to be more informative in terms of polymorphic regions, according to the obtained DNA sequences. On the other hand, when evaluated morphologically, it was observed that hybrid individuals had some intermediate characters with their ancestors. As a result, when the morphological and molecular data were evaluated together, it was found that the studied hybrid individuals had similar characteristics to their ancestors, but had some intermediate characters when compared with their ancestors.