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Purpose: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, higher education worldwide had to switch to digital formats. The purpose of this study was to evaluate CoRad-19, a digital teaching tool created by the German Radiological Society for medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic., Materials and Methods: A total of 13 German-speaking universities implemented CoRad-19 in their curriculum and partially or completely replaced their classes with the online courses. Previous experience and contact with radiology and the participants' opinions regarding the medium of e-learning were surveyed using a custom questionnaire. The subjective level of knowledge regarding the individual modules was also surveyed before and after participation to measure learning effects. The data of 994 medical students from the participating sites were analyzed and compared intraindividually using the Friedman test., Results: From 4/1/2020-10/1/2020, 451 complete data sets from a total of 994 surveys were included. E-learning was rated "very useful" both before and after course participation (4 [IQR 3-4], p = 0.527, r = 0.16). E-learning as a method was also rated as a "very good" medium both before and after participation (4 [IQR 3-4], p = 0.414, r = 0.17). After participation, participants rated radiology as particularly suitable for digital teaching (before: 3 [IQR 3-4] vs. after 4 [IQR 3-4], p = 0.005, r = 0.6). Significant learning gains were measurable in all course modules (p ≤ 0.009). Post-hoc analysis showed interest in radiology to increase significantly after course participation (p = 0.02)., Conclusion: In the representative survey, significant learning effects were observed in all course modules. In addition, it should be particularly emphasized that the students' interest in radiology was increased by course participation. Thus, the German Radiological Society provided significant support to German-speaking medical faculties with respect to maintaining excellent education using CoRad-19., Key Point: · Co-Rad-19 course participation results in measurable subjective learning effects and increases student interest in radiology.., Citation Format: · Brendlin AS, Molwitz I, Oechtering TH et al. CoRad-19 - Modular Digital Teaching during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2022; 194: 644 - 651., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Facial rejuvenation is gaining immense popularity among patients and clinicians. Botulinum toxins derived from bacteria are well-tolerated options as minimally invasive interventions for facial rejuvenation or other aesthetic procedures. These products have revolutionized aesthetic treatments. Several types of botulinum toxins (BoNT) are available. Currently type A and B are clinically used and only BoNT‑A products are approved for use for cosmetic indications in the Germany and the United States. Each product is unique in terms of its composition. Understanding the various BoNT‑A products is essential in choosing the optimal treatment for our patients. In this article we discuss different BoNT‑A products used for aesthetic intervention.

Background:  The radiology report is the key component in the communication between radiologists and referring clinicians. Traditionally, reports are written as free text. Several studies have shown that structured reporting using dedicated report templates has a number of advantages compared to conventional reports. Therefore, many radiological societies have recommended the implementation of structured reporting in clinical routine., Method:  In the meantime, collections of freely available templates have been presented and software solutions for structured reporting have been made commercially available. These allow for quality improvements in the written radiology report as they ensure that all relevant clinical information is included. Most vendors mainly supply proprietary report templates or allow users to create templates for their own institution. The German Radiological Society (DRG) has the goal of developing consensus-based, quality-assured report templates and providing them under a free license., Results:  The DRG has developed its first consensus-based report templates and provides them at www.befundung.drg.de. Further report templates will be developed in close cooperation with the respective committees of the DRG and referring clinicians., Conclusion:  Structured reporting allows for a significant improvement in the quality of written radiology reports. The use of report templates requires personal and technical changes to the reporting process itself. Radiology should face these challenges in its leading role in the application of modern IT-based solutions. Vendors are now encouraged to provide practical solutions., Key Points:   · Structured reports have numerous advantages over conventional narrative reports.. · The German Radiological Society is developing consensus-based and quality assured report templates.. · Report templates are provided at www.befundung.drg.de under a free license.. · Vendors are now encouraged to provide solutions for the implementation of structured reporting.., Citation Format: · Pinto dos Santos D, Hempel J, Mildenberger P et al. Structured Reporting in Clinical Routine. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2019; 191: 33 - 39., Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Aim: The measurement of subjective physical health is important in clinical settings as well as for research purposes. In the present paper, the psychometric properties of the G-Score, a 4 item screening questionnaire for the self-assessment of one's physical health, is explored., Methods: The Objectivity, validity and reliability were estimated. Moreover, an item analysis and a suitable cut-off-value for the differentiation between healthy and presumably ill subjects were conducted. Data from the Saxony Longitudinal Study ("Sächsische Längsschnittstudie") 1998-2013 were analysed (N=324-417 healthy individuals)., Results: The objectivity of the G-Score is estimated as very good. As a cut off for the differentiation between healthy and presumably ill subjects, a G-Score of 4 is suggested. The content validity is slightly lacking. Correlations with associated and non-associated constructs hint an interaction of physical with psychological discomfort. A good predictive validity of the instrument is assessed. Reliability estimates show acceptably good results. This indicates a high sensitivity for changes in the measured construct., Conclusion: Putting all results into consideration, a use of the G-Score as a screening questionnaire in research is recommended. However, more psychometric investigations with representative samples and objective comparative data should be carried out., Competing Interests: Die Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Aims: To increase diagnostic precision and to reduce overtreatment of low-risk malignant disease, multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) combined with ultrasound (US) fusion guided biopsy of the prostate were performed., Methods: In 99 male patients with increased PSA plasma levels and previous negative standard biopsy procedures, mpMRI was carried out followed by US fusion guided perineal biopsy. PI-RADS-Data (PS) of mpMRI and histopathological Gleason score (GS) were categorized and statistically compared., Results: Lesions in 72/99 (73 %) of patients were determined to be suspect of malignancy, based on a PS 4 or 5. In 33/99 (33 %) of patients, malignancy could not be confirmed by histopathology. With regard to the remaining 66 patients with previous negative biopsy results, 42 (64 %) were diagnosed with a low-grade carcinoma (GS 6, 7a) and 24 (36 %) with a high-grade carcinoma (GS ≥ 7b). The proportion of corresponding results in mpMRI (PS 4-5) when a high-grade carcinoma had been detected, was 21/24 (88 %), which related to a sensitivity of 88 % and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 85 % (p = 0,002). In addition, 35 of 42 patients (83%), graded PS 4-5 in mpMRI, were diagnosed with low-grade carcinoma-positive (p < 0,001). Sensitivity to differentiation between low- and high-grade carcinomas (GS ≤ 7a vs. ≥ 7b) by means of PS was 88 % with a NPV of 70 % (p = 0,74)., Conclusion: Our results suggest that mpMRI combined with US-fusion guided biopsy is able to detect considerably higher rates of clinically relevant prostate malignancies compared to conventional diagnostic procedures. However, no statistical significance could be shown regarding the differentiation between high- and low-grade carcinomas. It is hoped that the hybrid methods PSMA-PET/CT or PSMA-PET/MRI will lead to the next optimization step in the differentiation between high- and low-grade carcinomas which so far has been unsatisfactory.

Infections with Leishmania spp. rank among the top three most common travel-associated dermatoses. Depending on the country where the infection was acquired and the patient's immune status, different disease manifestations may be observed. Ninety percent of cases present as cutaneous leishmaniasis, but the infection may also affect internal organs (visceral leishmaniasis). Without treatment, the latter is often fatal. Intermediate types include recurrent, diffuse, or mucocutaneous forms. Nodular lesions on exposed skin with a tendency to ulcerate over time in combination with a travel history should therefore prompt workup for leishmaniasis. The diagnosis is made through histology, parasite culture, and PCR using biopsy material. Therapeutic options range from local therapies in cases with singular lesions to systemic therapy in patients with more severe forms. The present review discusses the most important clinical features, details about diagnostic measures, and current therapeutic approaches., (© 2015 Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft (DDG). Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Upon returning from holidays, a 55-year-old patient presenting with melena and haemorrhagic shock was admitted to a University hospital after receiving first emergency medical care in a German InterCity train. In an interdisciplinary effort, haemodynamics were stabilised and the airway and respiratory function were secured. Under emergency care conditions the patient then underwent an emergency upper GI endoscopy where a spurting arterial upper gastrointestinal bleeding (Forrest 1a) was found. While the bleeding could not be controlled with endoscopic techniques, definitive haemostasis was achieved with a surgical laparotomy. While not commonly established for patients with severe GI bleeding, by spontaneous implementation of an interdisciplinary trauma room approach following established trauma algorithms the team was able to achieve stabilisation of vital functions and final control of bleeding in this highly unstable patient. Although the majority of upper gastrointestinal bleedings spontaneously cease, emergency care algorithms should be developed and implemented for patients with severe gastrointestinal bleedings in shock. Following the case vignette, we discuss a potential approach and develop an exemplary protocol for shock room management in this patient subgroup., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Purpose: To evaluate whether a three-dimensional (3D) optical method currently used for the production of dental restorations could be applied to the simultaneous evaluation of the height and width of periodontal recessions, and determine the reproducibility and accuracy of the method for evaluating periodontal recession., Materials and Methods: The height and width of periodontal recessions scratched onto stone replicas were recorded using a 3D optical method, a periodontal probe, and a caliper., Results: No difference was found between measurements obtained using the methods tested (p > 0.05). However, measurements using the 3D optical method showed the highest reproducibility., Conclusion: The 3D optical method allowed the accurate and reproducible evaluation of the height and width of periodontal recessions. The next step should be the development of fully automated soft-tissue monitoring software to increase time savings.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for induction and maintenance of immunological tolerance. They contribute to prevention of autoimmunity by control and modulation of immune responses. The prevalence of autoimmune diseases, chronic infections, cancer and allergies has markedly increased in the last decades. In additions the treatment of these disorders is often unsatisfactory so that improvements are needed. This has stimulated intensive research in the biology of Tregs. Recent studies revealed that naturally occurring CD4(+) CD25(+) Tregs (nTregs) and induced Tregs (iTregs) are critical for the control of inadequate immune reactions. In humans, various iTreg populations are generated to inhibit naïve as well as activated effector T cells. Key molecules of signal transduction, essential for suppressor function of iTregs, have been identified and may be target molecules to modulate the activity of suppressor T cells with novel biologicals. Precise insight into the properties of Tregs may contribute to the development of innovative therapeutic approaches which directly affect Tregs in patients or use adoptive transfer of Tregs., (© The Authors • Journal compilation © Blackwell Verlag GmbH, Berlin.)