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The article deals with the offender-victim reconciliation in German criminal law and Clivia von Dewitz's guide to the application of this legal institution. Although the offender-victim reconciliation has been strengthened by law, it is only limitedly used in practice. The guide aims to promote a greater willingness to apply it and emphasizes the positive effects, such as lower recidivism rates and a better perception of victim interests. It is recommended to clarify in a further edition of the work that there are two basic types of reconciliation procedures and that unregulated procedures can lead to quick solutions but also bring about errors. Overall, the work is considered valuable for judicial practice and the realization of victim justice. [Extracted from the article]

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Copyright of Neue Kriminalpolitik is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The linguistic dissertation "Insult - Discourses on Honor, Respect, and Integrity in the Continuum between Everyday Life and Law" examines the understanding of insults in everyday life and law. The author analyzes how knowledge about insults arises through everyday experiences, legal processing, and media mediation. The study includes qualitative interviews with perpetrators and victims of insults, as well as a quantitative survey on the impact of insulting expressions. The study also describes linguistic theoretical foundations on honor and the development of the concept of honor in the German cultural sphere. Legal regulations on insults are explained, and case examples are presented. The interviews provide interesting insights into the origin and processing of insults, although not all reported offenses are likely to be legally relevant. [Extracted from the article]

Sexual violence against children and adolescents in educational institutions is a widespread and still taboo phenomenon. It is difficult for the victims to speak about the acts they have suffered and to communicate with other people about them, usually for decades. The meanings of speaking and silence are discussed and the conditions that can lead to overcome silence are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Education and its Victims. A Kind of Damage Assessment in Three Case Studies" by Marion Pollmanns deals with the concept of "education victims" and its significance. The author compares this term with the term "poverty victims" and argues that the use of the term "education victims" aims to view education not as an individual attribute, but as a societal phenomenon. It is also pointed out that the advertisement referred to in the article is directed against the introduction of religious education in Berlin schools. The article raises the question of whether education should be considered something negative and whether those who impart education should be seen as perpetrators. [Extracted from the article]

The article "The Psychology of Deception: Understanding Fraudulent Practices" deals with the various aspects of fraud and how perpetrators manipulate their victims. It examines various scams and strategies, both online and offline. The text explains how beliefs and attitudes can influence people's behavior and how fraudsters use cognitive shortcuts to influence decisions. A case of cyber trading fraud is mentioned as an example, in which perpetrators deceived private investors. Various psychological mechanisms used by fraudsters to manipulate their victims are also described. The study by Ihm (2011) examines the characteristics of fraudsters and shows that they value certain internal variables higher. The list at the end of the article contains various sources on the topics of fraud, psychology, and cybercrime. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Wirtschaft und Wettbewerb is the property of Fachmedien Otto Schmidt KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the topic of "hatred and incitement" and the question of whether and why this has increased and what can be done about it. It refers to various laws that regulate the dissemination of punishable and illegal content. The discussion about "hatred and incitement" presupposes a pre-established definition and evaluation. The article also emphasizes that no one is forced to participate in communication on social media. It is pointed out that the discussion about "hatred and incitement" is often conducted from different sides, with each side claiming to be the victim. The article emphasizes that the dissemination of hatred and incitement is punishable and that this is established in the applicable legal system. [Extracted from the article]

In the debate regarding ecclesiastical abuse, responsible parties largely disputed their guilt. This article will explore (1) whether one can plead lack of knowledge of relevant facts within organizations by claiming ignorance of administrative procedures, (2) whether one can cite the „Zeitgeist" as a reason for not having been able to recognize a wrong as wrong, and (3) whether pointing out the establishment of rules is sufficient to be absolved of guilt. It will also shed light on (4) whether an organization is justified in apologizing to victims for wrongs they have suffered without involving the perpetrators. The result shows that the aforementioned apology strategies are implausible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The comprehensive care of victims of violence is still insufficient, even though physical, psychological and sexual violence, especially in the domestic environment, is an omnipresent problem. The care of victims of violence requires a high degree of communication and coordination between practitioners from different professions and those affected. Digital applications can provide support in this regard. Method: As part of a work package of the EFRE-funded research project iGOBSIS-pro, an integrated digital solution for violence victim care was developed. Results: The resulting "Gewaltopferakte" (victims of violence file) as a documentation platform for health professionals as well as the GOASSIST-App for victims can ensure a holistic care structure for victims of violence and thus also psychological aftercare following medical treatment and evidence recovery. Discussion and conclusion: The inter-professional software solution overcomes the fragmentation in the care of victims of violence and thus makes an important contribution to the comprehensive care. Further evaluations are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Qualitative Forschung (ZQF) is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Wirtschaft und Wettbewerb is the property of Fachmedien Otto Schmidt KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The book review deals with the topic of sexual abuse in the Catholic Church. It is pointed out that the scientific investigation of this abuse is mainly carried out by medical professionals, psychologists, criminologists, and social scientists. Historians, psychologists, and educators examine the internal and societal causes of the perpetrators' misconduct and the leadership's behavior. The interdisciplinary volume contains contributions from various experts and documents a conference on addressing the abuse. It is emphasized that the insights and consequences from this investigation can be painful and provoke resistance. The text deals with the abuse scandal in the Catholic Church and emphasizes that scandals are places of confrontation where power structures collide. Abuse in religious contexts is considered particularly serious because the victims have a spiritual dependence on the perpetrators. The church's reactions to abuse cases have often been characterized by cover-ups and a lack of care for the victims. The author emphasizes that the church can only regain its credibility if it fundamentally reconsiders its self-image and hierarchy and does not abandon the victims. [Extracted from the article]

100 years ago, the German Foreign Minister Walther Rathenau became the victim of an assassination attempt. Rathenau symbolized the political order of Germany after World War I. He was murdered by right-wing extremists because, as a Jew, he was seen as too understanding towards the West. The assassination was carried out by Erwin Kern and Hermann Fischer, who were later captured and partially shot. The assassination led to riots in the Berlin Reichstag, but the German population remained calm and there was no mass uprising against the system. [Extracted from the article]

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Copyright of Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The safeguarding of minors and of vulnerable adult persons is an intrinsic aspect of the mission that the Lord has entrusted the Church and it is the responsibility of all the faithful to fulfil it, whatever capacity they hold in the Church. Unfortunately, it is not possible to eradicate child abuse entirely as it is a human reality, but much can be done by creating a culture of safe space and safe relationships within the Church and beyond. The Catholic Church, as the oldest and biggest institution in the world and with its religious and moral values, has a special responsibility in preventing any kind of abuse, in protecting the most vulnerable, and furthermore, in Safeguarding; in creating safe spaces and safe relationships. Listening to victims and survivors of abuse who have been harmed in the Church or outside, is key for being and acting in a responsible, accountable, and transparent way. This is the cornerstone for credibility and for promoting the faith.

The article presents the discussion on leading politicians, scientists, and intellectuals. Topics include sexual contact between adults and children being unproblematic and without consequences such as sex should be legalized for adults and children; and environment processes non-violent adult sexual experiences without any negative ones long-term consequences.

The number of Serbs who were murdered by the Croatian Ustaša regime is still contentious, even though there is broad agreement on the figures among expert historians. The issue is blurred by authors who ignore the canon of scientific discovery. Ustaša terror was awful enough, the author argues. Distorted numbers trivialize debate and degrade the victims.

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a new challenge that has not yet been sufficiently explored. There are thus limitations in controlling the effects this crisis has caused worldwide. The pandemic constitutes a public health emergency, so there is a need for it to be considered in the context of people trafficking. Although it is not possible to fully predict the pandemic’s effects on trafficking in human beings, previous experiences in other crisis situations could provide valuable insights into changes related to the forms of exploitation and the specifics of victims of this crime. The aim of this paper is to establish what effects the COVID-19 crisis has had on trafficking in human beings in the Republic of Serbia by analysing data collected by the Centre for the Protection of Victims of Trafficking in Human Beings. This paper will present relevant data from years before the pandemic and the year in which the pandemic occurred (2020). The primary aim is to determine what changes took place in the forms of exploitation, as well as in the gender and age of victims, to create adequate conditions for the trends in this area to be followed.

The paper is an attempt to show the role of the Jasenovac concentration camp in the destruction of peoples from different parts of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) based on partially revised list „Victims of War 1941–1945” from 1964. On the basis of achieved results in the process of revision of the census list, a calculation of the total losses of the civilians of Yugoslavia, of those in the NDH and its regions, with particular focus on losses in the Jasenovac camp was made. The losses in Jasenovac were analyzed through the prism of the general losses of the civilian population of NDH during the war, in all its parts. They were all compared with the demographic structure of the population of the NDH and its regions. Jasenovac camp system, was the largest concentration camp in the NDH, where a quarter of all killed civilians in this territory lost their lives (24.53%). The scope of the crimes committed in the Jasenovac camp clearly identify it as a destruction camp. The victims in Jasenovac were brought to the camp from all parts of the NDH. Most of the dead were originally from the two regions with which the camp was bordering, 30.60% from Slavonia and 25.13% from Bosanska Krajina, with 12.62% of losses originating from Eastern Bosnia. The victims from 4 regions had a greater share in losses in Jasenovac than their representation in the population of NDH, Banija 2.25 times, Bosnian Krajina 2.14 times, Slavonia 2.13 times and Srem 1.19 times, while Kordun had equal share. The victims of the other 7 NDH regions had much less participation in the losses in Jasenovac than their representation in the population, from 19.12 and 11.21 times lower in the part of Dalmatia and Lika, up to 2.27 and 1.23 times lower in Northwestern Croatia and Eastern Bosnia. Jasenovac was the site of the death of half of all killed Slavonia civilians (54.11%), two fifths from Srem (38.30%), one third of killed civilians from Banija (32.73%), a quarter from Northwestern Croatia (26.70% ) and Bosanska Krajina (23.27%), but also minimal parts of the killed civilians from Lika (1.28%), Dalmatia (3.49%) and Herzegovina (5.57%). Jasenovac was the central place of death in the NDH, where 78.08% of all victims of the Roma lost their lives, 61.68% of the victims of the Jews, 23.24% of Serbian civilian victims, 11.81% of Croats, 3.50% of Muslims and 4.39% of members of other and unknown nationalities. In nine of the twelve NDH regions, Serbs accounted for the bulk of the loss of prisoners in the camp, everywhere with a predominant majority of 92.43% in the Bosnian Krajina and 91.85% in Banija, up to 54.87% in Srem, the Jews were majority in two regions (Eastern Bosnia 55,35% i Northwest Croatia 36,21%), and the Romas in one. Three-quarters of Serbs killed the Jasenovac (74.61%) come from three regions (36.88% from Bosanska Krajina, 27.20% from Slavonia, 10.53% from Banija). Of all Serb civilians victims from Slavonia, 55.54% lost their lives in Jasenovac, as well as 33.99% of Serb civilian victims from Northwestern Croatia, 33.70% from Banija, 28.34% from Srem, 23.50% from Bosanska Krajina, while the share of victims of Jasenovac in the other seven regions was far smaller or minimal (Lika 0.89%). Half of all Jews victims in Jasenovac were from Eastern Bosnia (47.65%), with 21.27% from Northwestern Croatia and 18.63% of Slavonia, while 12.45% were from the other nine regions. While in Eastern Bosnia almost all Jews lost their lives in Jasenovac (90.74%), from Jews from Slavonia and Northwestern Croatia, 54.69% and 35.89% of them were killed in that camp. Of the dead Roma in Jasenovac, 59.95% originated from Slavonia, where life was lost by four fifths of all the Romas victims from Slavonia, Srem and Northwestern Croatia. Of the Croats killed in Jasenovac, 45.92% were from northwestern Croatia, while 43.22% of the Muslims killed in the camp were from the Bosnian Krajina.

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The article analyzes how the autobiographical childhood book Das Erste, was ich sah - which takes place mainly in Salzburg in the late 1950s - reflects the post-war period. The aftereffects of National Socialism and belligerent attitudes can be found in the text, namely, in pedagogical methods used, in games and readings, as well as in chosen children’s first names or in the cultivated Austrian myth of being hitler’s victim (“Opfermythos”). As the author demonstrates, these effects do not happen only explicitly but also implicitly. In the book World War II forms the society of the time, also through radio transmissions on still-missing soldiers, reflections on invalids, memories of dead soldiers and the German-speaking expellees from Central and Eastern Europe, all of which constitute a good part of the environment of the narrator. In this article these traces are exposed and discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the structural potential of family violence including violence of parents against their children as well as on violence between partners, better protection against the perpetrators and child protection movements. Topics include increased public perception of victims and establishment of a welfare and welfare state.

The article provides information on the considerable extent of domestic violence, focusing on social and political programs developed to reduce and prevent domestic violence and support to victims. Topics include domestic violence against women and that the gender of the participants, patriarchy and enforcing ownership and dominance.

The article provides information on the current state of social science research into violence related to high speed photography including experience of physical suffering, victims of violence and invention of the stroboscopes. Topics include linguistic expressions, concrete social situation and indexicality.

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The book "Our National Socialism. Speeches in the German Present" by Götz Aly addresses the question of why so many Germans followed the political program of National Socialism. Aly emphasizes that the crimes of National Socialism were committed by completely ordinary people from all layers of the German population. The book contains various speeches and contributions that were prompted from the outside, including a speech by Aly in which he criticizes the role of the Wehrmacht in World War II. Aly also pays tribute to the liberators of Auschwitz and the victims of National Socialism, especially the Soviet citizens. The book also deals with topics such as anti-Semitism and the confrontation with Germany's past after 1945. [Extracted from the article]

The restoration of a link between history and power is one of the most interesting aspects of Simone Weil’s political thought. During the first half of the 20th century, Weil developed reflections on the concept of history from the perspective of the vanquished. In this way, her thought comes close to that of her contemporary Walter Benjamin. Reading Weil together with Benjamin helps to point out a dialogue between Weil’s work and recent theories of anamnetic justice, as well as, more generally, the current move to incorporate the victims’ point of view into political discourse.

This article focuses on the following issues: the list of people offered victim status under the Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence of Azerbaijan, the legal remedies available to them, and the legal measures taken by state authorities in all kinds of domestic violence episodes. Additionally, the Law is scrutinized in light of the CoE Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence. Hence, the benefits and shortcomings of the current legislation are easily found.

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Gegenüber dem Einsatz der DNA-Phänotypisierung in der Strafverfolgung gibt es Bedenken hinsichtlich der epistemischen Zuverlässigkeit, der Diskriminierung, des Datenschutzes sowie der informationellen Selbstbestimmung. Tatsächliche Opfersituationen stehen dabei nicht im Vordergrund. Bei der normativen Analyse der Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der forensischen DNA-Phänotypisierung hat es aber gerade um die Vermeidung beziehungsweise Begrenzung von Leiden und komplexen Opfersituationen zu gehen, die auch nach der Straftat dynamisch bleiben. Die konkrete Gestaltung der Strafverfolgung entscheidet darüber, welche Ausmaße die Opfersituation annimmt beziehungsweise annehmen wird. The use of forensic DNA phenotyping has raised concerns with regard to epistemic reliability, discrimination, informational autonomy and data protection, whereas the real situation of victims is rarely addressed explicitly. However, the normative analysis of the possibilities and limitations of forensic DNA phenotyping must be about the prevention respectively the decrease of suffering and the improvement of the complex situation of victims that persist after a severe criminal offence. The specific design of prosecution has a decisive impact on the actual and potential dimensions of the situation of victims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Among the many reasons for the relatively seldom reporting and the subsequent forensic processing of sexual offenses in Germany are the victims' fears and uncertainty regarding their role in criminal trials. The purpose of this paper is to provide information on the rights and obligations of sexual assault victims in German criminal proceedings and to clarify the victims' legal risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archives images may have inscripted « drownings » (LEVI, 1989) that have taken place in History. That cinema is able to edit them in a way we feel « concerned » with what they filmed is certainly at the heart of Harun Farocki's work around the images of the victims from the nazis camps. In order to observe the poetic means chosen by Farocki to retake their images, this article intend to analyse Farocki's editing as « nostalgic ». Thus, it aims to understand how editing can be a memorial and artistic mean able to write history in order to make appear the fate of the victims at the surface of the screen. In the meantime, it also intends to draw a positive but harsh and sensitive definition of nostalgia since Farocki dares, with it, to reinvent an archive-cinema which also testifies of their irresolvable and definitive disappearance.

The article focuses on definition of violence in social sciences as power action that leads to the deliberate physical injury to others and violence occurring as a permanent social condition that cannot be determined by the actions of individuals. Topics include categories of domestic violence, sexual abuse of children and victim centered view of the processes.