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Abstract Background Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is a major disease that affects European sea bass, and understanding the biological mechanisms that underlie VNN resistance is important for the welfare of farmed fish and sustainability of production systems. The aim of this study was to identify genomic regions and genes that are associated with VNN resistance in sea bass. Results We generated a dataset of 838,451 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the parental generation of two commercial populations (A: 2371 individuals and B: 3428 individuals) of European sea bass with phenotypic records for binary survival in a VNN challenge. For each population, three cohorts were submitted to a red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) challenge by immersion and genotyped on a 57K SNP chip. After imputation of WGS SNPs from their parents, quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped using a Bayesian sparse linear mixed model (BSLMM). We found several QTL regions that were specific to one of the populations on different linkage groups (LG), and one 127-kb QTL region on LG12 that was shared by both populations and included the genes ZDHHC14, which encodes a palmitoyltransferase, and IFI6/IFI27-like, which encodes an interferon-alpha induced protein. The most significant SNP in this QTL region was only 1.9 kb downstream of the coding sequence of the IFI6/IFI27-like gene. An unrelated population of four large families was used to validate the effect of the QTL. Survival rates of susceptible genotypes were 40.6% and 45.4% in populations A and B, respectively, while that of the resistant genotype was 66.2% in population B and 78% in population A. Conclusions We have identified a genomic region that carries a major QTL for resistance to VNN and includes the ZDHHC14 and IFI6/IFI27-like genes. The potential involvement of the interferon pathway, a well-known anti-viral defense mechanism in several organisms (chicken, human, or fish), in survival to VNN infection is of particular interest. Our results can lead to major improvements for sea bass breeding programs through marker-assisted genomic selection to obtain more resistant fish.

In 2017, ScanPyramids project (www.scanpyramids.org) published a paper in Nature (Morishima et al., 2017) revealing the discovery of a big void (ScanPyramids Big Void BV) observed with nuclear emulsion films (Muography), it has a cross-section similar to that of the Grand Gallery and a minimum length of 30 meters situated above the Grand Gallery. In addition, a geometrically non-identified void in the Northern Face of the Pyramid (ScanPyramids Northern Face Corridor SP-NFC) was detected as well in 2017 followed by further detailed and focused muography measurements up to 2022 (Morishima and Procureur et al., 2023). ScanPyramids SP-NFC corridor has been investigated in more detail with a wider set of non-destructive techniques. The result of GPR, Ultrasonic and image fusion detected precisely the location and shape of ScanPyramids SP-NFC (Elkarmoty and Rupfle et al.,2023). In this paper, we present overview on the application of Muography, Ground Penetrating Radar, Ultrasonic Tomography, and Electrical Resistivity Tomography on the Chevron of the Great Pyramid where ScanPyramids SPNFC is located behind. The objective of the NDT measurements is to detect the geometry, location, orientation, and extension of ScanPyramids SP-NFC with more than one NDT method. The paper addresses the validity and limitations of each method used providing the limitations of each technique in this particular case study.

En aquest article partim de constatar com, després de dues dècades d’experiències municipals de participació ciutadana, a Catalunya —com a molts altres llocs d’Europa— estan emergint noves pràctiques de consultes ciutadanes. Aquestes noves pràctiques, exercides a través del vot, s’inscriuen dins el marc de la democràcia directa i necessiten ser contextualitzades, conceptualitzades i analitzades. A les pàgines que segueixen s’inicia aquest camí a través de, en primer lloc, desplegar un marc teòric que ens permeti entendre amb major precisió la democràcia directa i, en segon lloc, una aproximació al què, al perquè i al com de les consultes ciutadanes locals.

Le terme « libéral » provoque autant d’affrontements qu’il suscite de malentendus, comme le montrent les récentes controverses ― qui ne sont pas uniquement de leadership ― au sein du Parti socialiste français. Comment penser, dès lors, le néolibéralisme ? Comment en effet penser ce qui semble être nouveau et est considéré comme bien plus achevé et radical quand la seule approche du libéralisme, qui serait plus ancien selon sa terminologie même, se révèle encore ...

Vue de l’étranger, du Japon ou des Etats-Unis, l’Europe constitue déjà un ensemble cohérent ; pour certains auteurs, tels que Jeremy Rifkins, l´Europe constitue même un modèle à suivre ― selon l´idée qu´il développe à travers son livre The European dream (how Europe´s vision of Futur is quietly eclipsing the american dream ). Pourtant, les refus hollandais et français de ratification du traité Constitutionnel à l´occasion de référendums nationaux, les récentes et ...

Comment s'intéresser au cinéma est-allemand ? Le cinéma constitue l'un des moyens les plus importants de la communication sociale. Nos pensées sont imprégnées par des images qui reproduisent des conceptions du social, les interrogent, les contestent, les renforcent. Le premier enjeu de notre travail est de confronter ces principes à l'analyse d'une société symboliquement fermée géographiquement mais aussi sur le plan historique, comme le fut la rda . ...