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Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Food Quality / Archiv für Lebensmittelhygiene is the property of Presse Dienstleistungsges. mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to the legal regulations radiation incidents in nuclear or medical/industrial facilities are rare events. Radiation incidents are much more common in the context of road traffic accidents when sources of radiation are being transported. The handling of radiation victims is accompanied by strong feelings of fear and anxiety due to the rarity of such events and the physical characteristics of radioactive irradiation. This cannot be detected by human senses and the effects are not immediately visible. The risk and threat of radiation for rescue personnel and in hospitals can be overcome by a solid basic knowledge and by following some simple rules. This continuing medical education article imparts the necessary principles and based on an algorithm demonstrates the safe approach at the scene of the accident and the handling and transfer of the patient to the hospital. Moreover, it highlights further services and support by regional radiation protection centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the description of the composition of the means of expression, traditionally considered purely verbal, but used in social advertising in visual and verbal-visual form. The aim of the work is to establish the degree of prevalence of verbal and visual forms of traditional types of figures in modern social advertising and to describe their role in the implementation of the author’s idea. The relevance of the research is due to the increased interest in the study of polycode texts and the formation of the visual stylistics of the text. The material was 4000 posters of environmental topics collected from various media banks on the Internet by a continuous sampling method. The authors conclude that contamination and gradation are used only in visual form in environmental advertising. Contamination consists in combining parts of different images into a single image, which, however, does not receive a common name. Gradation is based on contrarian relations, with its help the transformation of some objects or states into others is shown in dynamics. Verbal-visual techniques include antithesis, parallelism, amphibolism. Antitheses are often based on contextual antonyms, concretized by the presence of an image, and in some cases such antitheses are qualified as quasi-logical. Parallelism can be represented by both verbal and purely visual forms in the form of placing two pictures similar in content on one poster. With the help of amphiboly, a paradoxical meaning is given to the slogan, since the visual and verbal series come into conflict. Finally, only in verbal form are ellipsis and anaphora used. The ellipsis makes the poster text as concise, energetic and convenient as possible for quick reading. Anaphora allows you to emphasize the element of the slogan that carries the main semantic load. The other types of stylistic figures (inversion, frame, chiasmus, etc.) are quite rare in environmental social advertising and generally do not affect the nature of its image system.

A patient presents with worsening of his general condition, chills and dyspnoea on exertion. With a history of aortic valve replacement, infective endocarditis is suspected, but due to negative imaging by transesophageal echocardiography and negative blood cultures cannot be confirmed. Finally, Cutibacterium acnes prosthetic valve endocarditis is diagnosed after culture of C. acnes during an extended incubation period of blood cultures, the presence of embolic complications and a characteristic finding on PET-CT scan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Germany, the African swine fever virus (ASFV) was first detected in a wild boar in September 2020 in the German federal state of Brandenburg near the border to Poland. It has since been spreading with currently more than 3,960 confirmed cases in wild boar and five outbreaks in domestic pigs (TSIS 2022). Feed has been mentioned as a possible source of ASFV transmission into domestic pig farms and stability of ASFV in feed and bedding has been defined as a knowledge gap on European and global level. A literature study was performed to examine the role different categories of feed materials could play for virus transmission to domestic pigs considering the impact of feed processing, transport and storage. The available information was used to estimate the risk of individual feed groups for domestic pigs with regard to their virus transmission probability. For processed by-products, e.g. grains, extraction meals and compound feed, it can be assumed that ASFV will become most likely inactivated during processing. Although recontamination with virus after the manufacturing process may occur, this scenario is assumed to be unlikely under general hygiene and HACCP principles. Due to the infectivity of ASFV and its resistance to environmental factors, virus transmission into domestic pig farms cannot be excluded for certain feed categories such as unprocessed, directly-fed feed materials. In contrast, processed feed probably does not play a role in ASFV transmission. According to literature, ASFV may be also retained in blood meal and spray-dried plasma after processing in the very unlikely case that blood or plasma from highly-infectious domestic pigs is used. Overall, the literature review pointed out that future research is needed to generate data on the main factors influencing the survival and transmission of ASFV in feed material for domestic pigs during processing and storage.

Dem Europäischen Schnellwarnsystem für Lebensmittel und Futtermittel (RASFF) sind regelmäßig Meldungen über Tropanalkaloid-belastete Getreideprodukte (insbesondere Mais und Rispenhirse) zu entnehmen. Tropanalkaloide sind sekundäre Pflanzenstoffe, die z. B. in Nachtschattengewächsen wie dem Weißen Stechapfel (Datura stramonium) enthalten sind. Kommt es zur Kontamination des Erntegutes, können Tropanalkaloide für unterschiedliche Vergiftungserscheinungen verantwortlich sein. In zweijährigen Feldversuchen wurden die Konkurrenzfähigkeit von Datura stramonium in Mais sowie die Kontaminationswege in das Erntegut bei Körnermais und Rispenhirse untersucht. Als ein Ergebnis der Versuche zeigte sich, dass die Art unter unseren Anbaubedingungen als konkurrenzschwach einzustufen ist. Dennoch sollte das Auftreten von Datura stramonium in Feldbeständen begrenzt werden, da nur wenige Pflanzen pro Hektar ausreichend sind, um eine Grenzwertüberschreitung mit Tropanalkaloiden herbeizuführen.

The conservation department of the Ethnological Museum/Museum of Asian Art played an important role in the relocation process from the former museum in Dahlem to Humboldt Forum. The contamination of objects caused particular problems and required innovative solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Touchscreens are usually microbially contaminated and can therefore act as fomites inside and outside healthcare environments. Due to the increasing use of such touchscreens and the growing awareness of infection risks, approaches that allow safe and automatic disinfection are desired. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, with its known antimicrobial efficacy, could achieve this goal, but should be executed with limited touchscreen degradation, disinfection duration, and energy consumption. It should also pose as little harm as possible to humans even in case of failure. Materials and methods: A literature search was performed first to identify the microorganisms most commonly found on touchscreens. Then, the 90% reduction doses (D90 doses) for the different relevant microorganisms and UV spectral ranges were determined from the literature, and irradiation doses are suggested that should reduce most of these important microorganisms by 5 log-levels. Results: The most frequent microorganisms are staphylococci, bacilli, micrococci, enterococci, pseudomonads and with small differences between hospital and community environments, if antibiotic resistance properties are ignored. The determined irradiation doses for a 5 log-reduction of the most frequent microorganisms are about 4, 80 J/cm, 500 J/cm and 50 mJ/cm for the UV spectral ranges UVC, UVB, UVA and far-UVC, respectively. These doses are also sufficient to inactivate all nosocomial ESKAPE pathogens on touchscreens by at least 99.999%.Conclusion: Disinfection is achievable in all UV spectral ranges, with UVC being the most effective, enabling automatic disinfection within a minute or less. The much higher doses required in the UVB and UVA spectral range result in much longer disinfection durations, with the advantage of a reduced risk to humans. For all kinds of UV irradiation, the doses should be limited to reasonable values to avoid irradiating an already more or less sterile surface and to prevent degradation of touchscreen devices.

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The sufficiency of DNA evidence alone, with regard to convicting accused persons, has been interrogated and challenged in criminal cases. The availability of offender databases and the increasing sophistication of crime scene recovery of evidence have resulted in a new type of prosecution in which the State's case focuses on match statistics to explain the significance of a match between the accused's DNA profile and the crime-scene evidence. A number of such cases have raised critical jurisprudential questions about the proper role of probabilistic evidence, and the misapprehension of match statistics by courts. This article, with reference to selected cases from specific jurisdictions, investigates the issue of DNA evidence as the exclusive basis for conviction and important factors such as primary, secondary and tertiary transfer, contamination, cold hits and match probability which can influence the reliability of basing a conviction on DNA evidence alone, are discussed.

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Scholars of Greek and Roman science – and especially of ancient medicine – have been debating for several years which notions of ‘contagion’, i.e. the transmission of a disease from an individual to another, classical antiquity may have had. It is, for many reasons, an interesting question. On the one hand the ancients, whichever ancient civilization is taken into consideration, have conceived of nature and humanity in ways very different from our current ones, but also show, through various narrative forms, feelings and perceptions that can be similar to ours. On the other hand, such comparisons allow to refine our study tools as regards differences in mentality as well as the transformation lines of culture and language.

Upon hatching, the larvae of the Indian meal moth (IMM), Plodia interpunctella, disperse vigorously. Within a few hours, they establish themselves on the crevices of food or enter packaged product through small openings and cracks. When on food the larvae intensively feed in or near a tunnel-like case made of frass and silk they web together. The number of larval instars varies from five to seven, depending on temperature, humidity and available food quality. Most mature larvae leave the food medium and search for a suitable place to spin a cocoon in which they pupate or hibernating (diapause). At the end of larval development, the larvae usually chews a hole in a packaging foil, and leave the medium to pupate outside in corners and cracks and also behind items on walls. Fully grown larvae of the IMM may travel a considerable distance before pupating in a location that is frequently away from the larval food source. It will be proven and illustrated that during this time larvae the IMM may penetrate the packaging material of some household items that were not their food source. Unusual cases of product contamination by 'wandering' larvae will be described. Client claims are thus frequent as only a few larvae in a package with their webbing and frass are very repulsive to homeowners. Impact of product contamination by 'wandering' larvae of the IMM to the firm marketing the products will be discussed.

Loss in quality and quantities of rice during storage is an important issue to focus on. Moulds contaminating rice were investigated and their injuries on rice during storage were evaluated. Local and imported rice samples sold in markets and mills were stored for 3 months under laboratory conditions. The contaminated grains were counted and analyzed to characterize storage moulds. All rice samples evaluated were contaminated by moulds, right from sampling date. The quantity of mouldy grains varied from 1.1% for the rice sample from UNVDA to 4.2% rice brand ‘Main dans la Main’. The highest mould infestation in terms of quality and quantity, was recorded on imported rice samples of world rice and ‘Main dans la Main’ 22.3 and 25.3% respectively; meanwhile ‘Tox 3145 parboiled’, Uncle Benz and Neima presented 7.5, 8.9 and8.9% respectively. In general, imported rice samples contained the highest fungal load with a proportion of 65.9% compared to 34.3% for local samples. Among the 67 isolated strains, the genus Aspergillus dominated, followed by Penicillium, Mucor and Circinella with 13.4, 8.9, and 4.4% respectively. Therefore in Cameroon, some locally produced, but mostly some imported rice contain moulds from different genera, which damage rice at different proportions. It is urgent to develop methods to inhibit the growth of potential storage moulds and preserve the quality of rice consumed.

The first reports on the occurrence of PA contamination in herbal teas were published in 2013, followed shortly afterwards by reports on the contamination of herbal medicinal products with PA. As a result, various national regulatory authorities and the Committee for Herbal Medicinal Products of the European Medicines Agency requested marketing authorisation holders of herbal medicinal products in Europe to carry out risk assessments and risk reduction measures with regard to pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Both, national authorities and the HMPC introduced limits for PA as a contaminant. In addition, the HMPC had endorsed the European Pharmacopoeia to develop a suitable PA determination method in the field of trace analysis. This is currently available as a draft for public consultation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2013, a potential contamination of medicinal plants with pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing weeds has been discussed. The knowledge about such a risk of contamination induced cultivators and suppliers of medicinal plants and manufacturers of herbal medicinal products to investigate the situation and to take action in order to reduce or avoid potential PA contamination as summarised e.g. in a Code of Practice. Over the past years, the results of data collections show a remarkable reduction of the PA burden in herbal drugs and herbal extracts used for the production of herbal medicinal products. However, it is obvious that the problem of contamination cannot be completely resolved in the near future. The Herbal Medicinal Products Committee at the European Medicines Agency recommended a transitional limit of 1.0 µg pyrrolizidine alkaloids per day related to the final product for three years which has recently been prolonged by further two years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Modern scholarship on the textual history of Church Slavonic biblical translation recognizes two distinct revisions of the Church Slavonic Psalter from the early fourteenth century, Redaction III (sometimes called the ‘Athonite’ redaction) and Redaction IV, known only in the Norov psalter manuscript. Although they are both attested from the same period and in manuscripts of similar Bulgarian provenance, these two redactions are in some respects systematically different in their linguistic character, their approach to translational issues and their Greek textual basis. In the light of A.A. Turilov’s observation that the Mihanović Psalter, possibly the earliest witness to Redaction III, is written in the same hand as the greater part of the Norov Psalter, this paper examines the textual antecedents of the two redactions and the importance of the Mihanović Psalter as a link between them.

Background: The arising challenges over endoscope reprocessing quality proposes to look for possibilities to measure and control the process of endoscope reprocessing.Aim: The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of monitoring endoscope reprocessing with an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) based bioluminescence system.Methods: 60 samples of eight gastroscopes have been assessed from routine clinical use in a major university hospital in Germany. Endoscopes have been assessed with an ATP system and microbial cultures at different timepoints during the reprocessing. Findings: After the bedside flush the mean ATP level in relative light units (RLU) was 19,437 RLU, after the manual cleaning 667 RLU and after the automated endoscope reprocessor (AER) 227 RLU. After the manual cleaning the mean total viable count (TVC) per endoscope was 15.3 CFU/10 ml, and after the AER 5.7 CFU/10 ml. Our results show that there are reprocessing cycles which are not able to clean a patient used endoscope.Conclusion: Our data suggest that monitoring of flexible endoscope with ATP can identify a number of different influence factors, like the endoscope condition and the endoscopic procedure, or especially the quality of the bedside flush and manual cleaning before the AER. More process control is one option to identify and improve influence factors to finally increase the overall reprocessing quality, best of all by different methods. ATP measurement seems to be a valid technique that allows an immediate repeat of the manual cleaning if the ATP results after manual cleaning exceed the established cutoff of 200 RLU.

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A. Remizov in A. Damanskaya’s memoirs The paper deals with the way Alexei Remizov is presented in the memoirs by Avgusta Damanskaya written in the late 1950s for the Archive of Russian and East-European Archive of History and Culture at Columbia University. The author belonged to the same literary community both in Russia and in emigration as Remizov, but to a somewhat different parts of it, so her acquaintance with Remizov was not too intimate and in her text she ‘constructed’ his image relying mostly on the general knowledge rather than on her personal impressions. Anyway, the memoir on the whole and Remizov’s image in it in particular contribute to understanding of the authors literary techniques and her vision of the period and the milleu to which she belonged.

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The management of gunshot-related fractures is still controversially discussed. Although experiences and developments in military surgical treatment have significantly influenced the treatment of gunshot-related factures over the past centuries, there are now also civilian studies on this special subgroup of open fractures which influence modern treatment concepts. Therefore, this article provides a basic understanding of wound ballistics and summarizes current concepts in the treatment of gunshot-related fractures with respect to administration of antibiotics, principles of surgical debridement and primary mechanical stabilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the massive EHEC O104:H4 outbreak in summer 2011, vegetables became interesting to the German public because of their possible role as a source of infections with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). The search for the source of infection with EHEC O104:H4, which was responsible for more than 4000 diseases, more than 800 cases of renal failure and 53 deaths, proved difficult, although the relevant diagnostic properties based on the isolates from the patients were early known. Epidemiological studies pointed to plant foods as possible source and after the wrongly suspected cucumbers, fenugreek sprouts from a particular manufacturer were identified as the primary source of infection. The diagnosis of pathogenic E. coli from plant foods is more difficult than from animal sources, for the latter official control procedures and a variety of methods are published since many years. Investigation methods that were designed for dairy and meat products are not well suitable for testing raw foods of plant origin. The reasons are partly due to the quantity and composition of the accompanying flora of microorganisms, which is completely different in plants than in animal products. Depending on the raw food category (fruits, vegetables, mixed salad and sprouts) the natural microbial contamination of certain plants differs largely in its amount, characteristics and composition. E. coli is often present as contaminant in plant foods, but often in such small quantities that specific enrichment methods are needed to identify potential pathogenic E. coli types such as EHEC. The other hurdle lies in the isolation of suspected E. coli from an abundance of natural accompanying organisms. Quantitative PCR (qPCR, real-time PCR) methods have been proven to detect even low levels of E. coli in plant tissue and simultaneously to identify possible human pathogenic bacteria. Finally, for the isolation of pathogenic E. coli from plants specific methods adapted to this particular food matrix must be chosen. These are also presented here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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[english] Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the overall risk of hand disinfectants and skin antiseptics to become contaminated with bacterial spores throughout the production process and the subsequent in-use period, hence posing a public health risk. Methods: Microbiological assessment of primary packaging material was carried out and long-term survival of bacterial spores in alcohol was assessed using sporulated ATCC 6633 as a standard. In-use contamination of alcohol-based formulations was tested by repeated use over 12 months under practical conditions and microbiological and physico-chemical data were determined.Results: Among 625 containers analyzed, 542 did not yield any microbial growth. Median colony count for aerobic spore-forming bacteria was 0.2 cfu/10 ml container content. No anaerobic spore-forming bacteria were detected. Additionally, long-term survival of bacterial spores in aliphatic C2–C3 alcohols revealed 1-propanol to reduce the number of spores most effectively, with 2-propanol and ethanol having a somewhat less pronounced impact. In-use tests did not detect any microbial contamination or change in the physicochemical properties of the tested products over 12 months. Conclusions: Our data reveals that state-of-the-art production processes of alcohol-based hand rubs and antiseptics can be regarded safe. Primary packaging material and use were not found to pose a significant contamination risk as far as bacterial spores are concerned. Based on the data from this study, a microbial limit of

Background: Surgical treatment of incisional hernia includes implantation of a mesh. The use of synthetic grafts in contaminated fields results in an increased risk of infection. In these cases a potential advantage is described for biological repair material. Evidence for this problem is lacking; therefore, we initiated a survey among surgeons in Germany concerning this question. Material and method: A survey concerning indications, experience and techniques of using synthetic and biological meshes was sent to 60 surgical departments. The emphasis of the survey was on the differentiation of clean and contaminated fields. Results: The survey was answered by 42 %. The use of biological repair material was preferred in clean-contaminated, contaminated and soiled fields. Synthetic meshes were preferred in clean, rarely in clean-contaminated and not in contaminated or soiled situations. Primary suture repair was chosen in clean fields and barely in contaminated fields. For closure of giant hernias a component separation technique (CST) was favored by the majority of respondents. A single stage repair was preferred by most of the surgeons even in cases with simultaneous stoma takedown. A total of 72 % of the respondents were satisfied with the use of biological repair material, but the reimbursement was considered to be inappropriate. Discussion: Although the response rate was low, this survey gives an idea of the attitude towards the use of synthetic and biological meshes. Biological repair material is favored for hernia repair in contaminated or soiled fields. The advantage of this choice is a one stage repair despite the contamination. As the results of this survey are not able to provide arguments for the use of different meshes this question should be further investigated with a randomized controlled trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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People living in poverty have had little opportunity to express their feelings about the precarious situation in which they live. Most studies on poverty have focused on describing its most prominent characteristics, more often in a quantitative manner. This paper aims to explore the way in which people living in poverty conceptualize what they consider important and/or interesting in their everyday lives. Disposable cameras were given to 30 participants. In this paper efforts of 10 different photographers are reported. After the photographs were developed the participants were asked to comment on any aspect or situation portrayed in one or more photographs that could be considered interesting or important to them. Three main topics emerged: family, environmental problems and dangers, and community actions. Most of the photographs and commentaries centered on physically and emotionally-related themes, with a clear tendency to denounce unjust situations and to portray the manner in which the poor cope with the vicissitudes of daily life. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0902353

The article discusses the novel "Pop Ćira i pop Spira", by the Serbian writer Stevan Sremac, written in 1898. The author suggests that literary scientists have been holding back, and presents an analysis of the book and shows that while Sremac presents the book as light and entertaining literature, and the characters of the book as comical-melancholic, he actually has a much deeper message in which his characters of two priests are the representatives of national, social, and gender identities.

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Surgical site infections (SSI) in the postoperative period represent the sword of Damocles in surgery. In spite of the medical progress in recent years these infections cannot always be avoided and occur in 25% of all nosocomial infections in Germany. They also generate up to 50% of the required costs in this context. The consequences vary from extended duration of hospitalization to elevated mortality. The degree of contamination of surgical wounds is of great importance as well as the patient's immune status and comorbidities. Prevention of infected surgical wounds is essential and important measures should begin even prior to the surgical procedure. In addition, during and following the surgical procedure several standards have to be followed. Rapid confirmation of diagnosis and correct management of surgical site infections are essential for the course of the disease. This study provides information on development, prevention and therapy of surgically infected wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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