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Copyright of Der Schmerz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Schmerz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: An acoustic speech signal cannot be clearly divided into individual words but resembles a continuous stream of sounds. Nevertheless, there are temporal regularities that may be used in perception. The duration of language elements such as phonemes, syllables, and prosodic phrases is also reflected in the neural response patterns during speech perception. Impairments in language functions are often accompanied by changes in these neural response patterns. Changes in these neural response patterns often accompany impairments in language functions. Despite these findings, it is unclear whether there is a causal relationship between the neural response and the quality of speech perception. This article introduces the relevant components of the acoustic speech signal, describes the neuronal response to speech stimuli in the healthy brain, and shows which neurophysiological changes are associated with speech dysfunction. It presents various methods of noninvasive neuromodulation as well as first results, which indicate that language functions may be improved through targeted neuromodulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pain appears to be a leading symptom of many diseases. Patients suffering from chronic pain are of high risk to develop comorbidities coming along with profound personal- and social disadvantages. Knowledge and awareness about pathomechanisms leading to chronic pain, the individual and social consequences of neuropathic pain as result of chronification as well as its high prevalence of therapy resistance are still not common amoung medical professionals. In daily practice patients are either subject to medical neglect in years of suffering or over-diagnosed and -treated. Pathophysiologically every pain condition depending on duration und intensity and independent from origin will provoke ongoing structural and functional changes in pain-conducting, -processing and -controlling parts of the nervous system. The resulting pain syndromes, which acquire neuropathic features along the chronification process, exhibit increasing resistance to conventional therapies. To recognize neuropathic pain components, in order to initiate correct diagnostics appears to be the first challenge. The second challenge includes the timely initiation of the correct therapy, in order to prevent further chronification. Only a third of the patients suffering from chronic neuropathic pain can be treated sufficiently using conservative strategies as medicated therapy, psycho-, physio- or occupational therapy in the long run. Different interventional treatment strategies have proven to be effective on short-, middle- or long-term outcome. Modern, minimally invasive methods of neuromodulation as spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRG) represent additional and effective options for pain management regarding individual improvement of pain and quality of life as well as the entailing costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Colo-Proctology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Schmerz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Anal incontinence describes the uncontrolled transanal passage of gaseous, solid or liquid intestinal contents. It can be a considerable psychosocial burden and impairment of the quality of life for those affected. The cause can be primary damage to the continence organ or incontinence can be a secondary symptom of other diseases. The detailed patient history and clinical examination document the severity of incontinence, impairment of quality of life and pathomorphological changes. The treatment is primarily conservative. A combination of conservative therapeutic approaches can often achieve satisfactory symptom relief. If conservative treatment remains insufficient, surgical measures can be considered. Sphincteroplasty and sacral neuromodulation are the preferred surgical interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical procedures for treating neuropathic pain, including trigeminal neuralgia (TGN), are categorized into three groups: decompression, ablation, and neuromodulation. Microvascular decompression is the only causal therapy for TGN, applicable favorably in cases of classical TGN due to a vascular nerve conflict. Ablative procedures include both percutaneous and radiosurgical methods, which are mainly used for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. For irreversible neuropathies of the trigeminal nerve, the algorithm for other neuropathic pain conditions should be considered, along with the potential use of neuromodulatory techniques. When selecting a therapy, diagnosis, medication side effects, individual patient risks, and treatment outcomes must all be taken into account (current S1 guideline from the German Society of Neurology)., Competing Interests: Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien Interessenkonflikt Gemäß den Richtlinien des Springer Medizin Verlags werden Autorinnen und Autoren sowie die Wissenschaftliche Leitung im Rahmen der Manuskripterstellung und Manuskriptfreigabe aufgefordert, eine vollständige Erklärung zu ihren finanziellen und nichtfinanziellen Interessen abzugeben. Autoren R. Ahmadi: A. Finanzielle Interessen: Studien-Sponsoring in Form von Drittmitteln von Stimwave LLC. – Nevro Corp., Medtronic GmbH, Saluda Medical, Abbott. – Honorar persönlich: Boston scientific, Curronix | Drittmittel von: IQVIA MedTech nv, Nevro Corp., Medtronic GmbH, Saluda Medical. – B. Nichtfinanzielle Interessen: Oberärztin, Neurochirurgische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg | Sprecherin der Sektion Funktionelle Neurochirurgie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC) | Schriftführerin der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neuromodulation (DGNM) | Mitglied des Fachbeirats der Deutschen Schmerzgesellschaft. V. Tronnier: A. Finanzielle Interessen: V. Tronnier gibt an, dass kein finanzieller Interessenkonflikt besteht. – B. Nichtfinanzielle Interessen: Arzt im Ruhestand, ehemaliger Direktor der Neurochirurgischen Universitätsklinik Lübeck (bis 30.09.2023) | Beirat für die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie | Im Vorstand der Deutschen Gesellschaft für neurowissenschaftliche Begutachtung (DGNB). Wissenschaftliche Leitung Die vollständige Erklärung zum Interessenkonflikt der Wissenschaftlichen Leitung finden Sie am Kurs der zertifizierten Fortbildung auf www.springermedizin.de/cme. Der Verlag erklärt, dass für die Publikation dieser CME-Fortbildung keine Sponsorengelder an den Verlag fließen.Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autor/-innen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien., (© 2024. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Epileptologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Current guidelines recommend a personalized, multimodal, and interdisciplinary approach for the treatment of chronic pain. Already in the acute treatment of postoperative pain, it can be useful to minimize risk factors for chronification. Auricular vagus nerve stimulation (aVNS) could be an effective non-drug therapy for the treatment of chronic and acute pain., Aim of the Work: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of aVNS in chronic and acute pain as well as its effect on medication intake., Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out on the application of auricular electrical stimulation in chronic and acute pain. Studies were classified according to their level of evidence and evaluated via the Jadad scale as well as their scientific validity, and then analyzed in terms of indication, method, stimulation parameters, duration of treatment, efficacy, and safety., Results: Twenty studies on chronic pain indications, ten studies on acute postoperative pain, as well as seven studies on experimental acute pain were identified and analyzed. The search revealed a total of n = 1105 aVNS-treated patients. The best evidence on the efficacy of aVNS is available for the indications chronic low back pain, chronic cervical syndrome, chronic abdominal pain, and chronic migraine as well as acute postoperative pain in oocyte aspiration, laparoscopic nephrectomy, and open colorectal surgery. Additionally a significant reduction in analgesic or opiate intake was evident in most studies. In three randomized controlled trials in chronic pain patients, a sustainable pain reduction over a period of up to 12 months was shown. Overall, aVNS was very well tolerated., Conclusion: This review indicates that aVNS can be a complementary and effective non-drug treatment for patients with chronic and acute postoperative pain. Future studies in these indications should focus on standardizing and optimizing treatment parameters, inclusion of quality-of-life outcome parameters, and longer follow-up periods to better understand the sustainable therapeutic effect of aVNS., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Copyright of HNO is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychotherapeut is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychotherapeut is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hintergrund: Die Symptome der gastroösophagealen Refluxkrankheit (GERD) sind sehr verbreitet. Trotz der Tatsache, dass 40 % der Patienten unter einer konservativen Therapie weiterhin Beschwerden haben, werden in Deutschland nur etwa 1 % der betroffenen Patienten operiert. Bis vor kurzem wurde die Antirefluxchirurgie nahezu ausschließlich in Form einer Fundoplikation nach Nissen oder einer Hemifundoplikation nach Toupet durchgeführt. Diese Verfahren gelten nach wie vor als Goldstandard. Es wird ein neues chirurgisches minimal-invasives Verfahren, welches Refluxsymptome durch die elektrische Neuromodulation des unteren Ösophagussphinkters (LES) behandelt, beschrieben.Methode: Ein elektrischer Neuromodulator für den LES (EndoStim®, EndoStim BV, Nijmegen, Niederlande) wird als Pulsgenerator (IPG) in die Bauchdecke implantiert und über ein Elektrodenkabel mit einem Elektrodenpaar am unteren Ösophagussphinkter verbunden. Im eigenen Vorgehen werden die Patienten für dieses Verfahren nach ausführlicher Funktionsdiagnostik im Rahmen einer interdisziplinären Expertenkonferenz ausgewählt. Die Patientenauswahl, die Patientenaufklärung, das erforderliche chirurgische Training, die chirurgische Technik, die postoperative Phase sowie auch die Ergebnisse, Komplikationen und Nebenwirkungen werden beschrieben.Schlussfolgerung: Die elektrische Neuromodulation ist eine Technik, die Patienten mit GERD erfolgreich die Kontrolle ihrer Refluxsymptome bietet. Die elektrische Neuromodulation erfordert eine interdisziplinäre Patientenauswahl, eine umfassende Patientenaufklärung und ein umfassendes chirurgisches Training. Die Methode ist nicht frei von postoperativen Problemen. Die elektrische Neuromodulation des LES sollte daher besonders in Zentren mit hoher Expertise in der Refluxtherapie zur Anwendung kommen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Schmerz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of HNO is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Schmerz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The overactive bladder (OAB) is defined by urgency with or without urgency incontinence, usually combined with frequency and nocturia in case that there is no proven infection or some other obvious pathology. The prevalence of OAB in patients 40years and older is about 17% and increases with age.The related health-care costs are enormous. Quality of life is relevantly impaired in most patients, and standard therapies such as antimuscarinics/beta3-adrenoceptor agonist often do not improve the symptoms. However, there are promising therapeutic alternatives: Neuromodulative procedures (such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, transcutaneous or percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation, or sacral neuromodulation) or onabotulinumtoxin A-Injections into the detrusor may be highly successful, even in the most desperate cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancements in medical care over the last decades have contributed to a continuous decline in immediate post-stroke mortality. The flipside of this development is that patients surviving the initial stroke are forced to live with sometimes extreme functional motor and/or language limitations for the remaining life span. The following overview presents evidence-based neurorehabilitative interventions to promote motor and language recovery in the acute and chronic post-stroke stages. Therapeutic approaches comprise intensive training, neuropharmacological drugs and non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or direct current stimulation (tDCS). Additionally, an outlook on promising future interventions for stroke neurorehabilitation is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of HNO is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Colo-Proctology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: With an increasing number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations in the general population, there are no data available regarding the requirements of patients with implanted neurostimulators in Germany. Published data from the United States of America suggest a high need. The limited approval for MRI scans of implants are a common problem., Objective: The focus is on the MRI needs of these pain patients and the predictability at the time of implantation., Material and Method: We carried out a retrospective evaluation of the database of our hospital information system. We searched for all MRI requests for patients with an implanted neurostimulator between November 2011 and March 2019. In addition, we compared these data with the implantation of neurostimulators in the same period., Results: We identified 171 MRI examinations and 22 requests without a subsequent examination. Out of 294 (28%) patients implanted in our center 83 had at least 1 MRI scan in our hospital. We observed a steadily increasing demand. In 111 of 171 (65%) performed examinations, there was no association between the indications leading to neurostimulator implantation and to MRI. A predictability could only be assumed for 43 of 193 (22%) MRI requests., Conclusion: In Germany, patients with an implanted neurostimulator have a high need for MRI diagnostics which cannot be predicted at the time of implantation. Therefore, only MRI-conditional systems should be implanted. The manufacturers need to adapt the implants and their approval to requirements., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Copyright of Der Urologe A is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Schmerz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Neurophysiologie-Labor is the property of Elsevier GmbH, Urban & Fischer Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Gynäkologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Neuromodulatory techniques have developed rapidly in the therapeutic management of refractory headaches. Invasive procedures comprise peripheral nerve stimulation (particularly occipital nerve stimulation), vagus nerve stimulation, cervical spinal cord stimulation and hypothalamic deep brain stimulation. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation are noninvasive variants. Based on current neuroimaging, neurophysiological and clinical studies occipital nerve stimulation and hypothalamic deep brain stimulation are recommended for patients with chronic cluster headache. Less convincing evidence can be found for their use in other refractory headaches such as chronic migraine. No clear recommendation can be given for the other neuromodulatory techniques. The emerging concept of intermittent stimulation of the sphenopalatine ganglion is nonetheless promising. Robust randomized and sham-controlled multicenter studies are needed before these therapeutic approaches are widely implemented. Due to the experimental nature all patients should be treated in clinical studies. It is essential to confirm the correct headache diagnosis and the refractory nature before an invasive approach is considered. Patients should generally be referred to specialized interdisciplinary outpatient departments which closely collaborate with neurosurgeons who are experienced in the implantation of neuromodulatory devices. It is crucial to ensure a competent postoperative follow-up with optimization of stimulation parameters and adjustment of medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Gynäkologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gefaesschirurgie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Urologe A is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Schmerz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Urologe A is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Urologe A is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Schmerz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Urologe A is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Internist is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Schmerz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)